The most effective general formulations of thermodynamic equations for multicomponent aqueous solutions are discussed with respect to various ranges of temperature, pressure and composition with emphasis on solutes important in natural or industrial waters. A familiar equation in molality and in excess Gibbs energy is very successful up to 300{degree}C and ionic strength 6 mol{center dot}kg{sup {minus}1}, and can often be extended to 350{degree}C or above at high pressure and in favorable cases to ionic strength 12 or even 20. Alternate methods valid to higher solute compositions, even to pure fused salts, are described. A more difficult situation arises near the critical point of water where the compressibility becomes infinite and a Helmholtz energy basis must be adopted. Existing equations for this range and still higher temperatures and pressures are considered and possible improvements discussed. 85 refs., 13 figs., 3 tabs.

The Kohn variational method is one of simplest, and oldest, techniques for performing scattering calculations. Nevertheless, a number of formal problems, as well as practical difficulties associated with the computation of certain required matrix elements, delayed its application to electron--molecule scattering problems for many years. This paper will describe the recent theoretical and computational developments that have made the complex'' Kohn variational method a practical tool for carrying out calculations of low energy electron--molecule scattering. Recent calculations on a number of target molecules will also be summarized. 41 refs., 7 figs.

Interest in the Hanford site (Washington) as a nuclear production, power, and waste disposal site has led to generation of a vast quantity of geophysical and remote sensing data sets of the central Columbia Plateau. To data, these various studies, including at least 13 independent magnetic linear and image lineament studies, have not been adequately correlated. Therefore, these studies provide a unique opportunity to compare and contrast the viability of the different geophysical and remote sensing techniques. The geology of the central Columbia Plateau is characterized by subdued topography and limited outcrop, with most of the exposure concentrated in localized folded/faulted mountains (the Yakima folds) and along river canyons. In order to efficiently compare lineament data bases, we have written an automated computer routine that correlated lineaments that are within a user specified distance of each other. The angle between their trends has to be less than an input maximum separation angle. If more than two lineament maps exist for the area, the analyst may also specify the minimum number of times each structure must be seen. The lineament correlation routine was applied to data bases of all aeromagnetic linears as well as lineaments seen on radar and a digital …

This document provides information on an environmental records management system. It includes information on environmental recordkeeping; environmental regulations with emphasis on the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA); and the administrative record including a case study of the Hanford Site's administrative record system. This paper will focus on the following objectives: (1) Identify resources that can be used as reference tools; (2) understand the reasons for developing and maintaining an administrative record; and, (3) evaluate an existing system and identify means of complying with the regulations. 15 refs., 2 figs.

Production rates of forward jets in deep inelastic muon scattering are studied using the JADE jet finding algorithm. The evolution of di-jet rates with W is compared to QCD first order predictions in the W range of 15 to 25 GeV. 7 refs., 3 figs.

Radioactivities in materials onboard the returned Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) satellite have been studied by a variety of techniques. Among the most powerful is low-background Ge-semiconductor detector gamma-ray spectrometry, illustrated here by results obtained at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's (LBL) Low Bakground Facilities, in a multi-laboratory collaboration coordinated by Dr. Thomas Parnell's team at the Marshall Spacecraft Center, Huntsville, Alabama.

We have developed a 3-D FEL theory based upon the Maxwell-Vlasov equations including the effects of the energy spread and emittance of the electron beam, and of betatron oscillations. The radiation field is expressed in terms of the Green's function of the inhomogeneous wave equation and the distribution function of the electron beam. The distribution function is expanded in terms of a set of orthogonal functions determined by the unperturbed particle distribution. The coupled Maxwell-Vlasov equations are then reduced to a matrix equation, from which a dispersion relation for the eigenvalues is derived. In the limit of small betatron oscillation frequency, the present dispersion relation reduces to the well-known cubic equation of the one-dimensional theory in the limit of large beam size, and it gives the correct gain in the limit of small beam size. Comparisons of our numerical results with other approaches show good agreement. We present a handy empirical formula for the FEL gain of a 3-D Gaussian beam, as a function of the scaled parameters, that can be used for a quick estimate of the grain. 5 refs., 2 figs.

Experiments at the p{bar p} colliders at CERN and FNAL have an active program of heavy flavor physics. Recently, CDF at FNAL and UA1 at CERN have measured rare decays of the {Beta}{sup 0} {minus} {bar {Beta}}{sup 0} mixing. CDF has signals for {Beta}{sup {plus minus}} {yields} J/{psi}K{sup {plus minus}} and {Beta}{sup 0} {yields} J/{psi}K{sup *0}. Both CDF and UA1 have set limits on the branching ratio of {Beta}{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup {minus}} and have measured {Beta}{sup 0} {minus} {bar {Beta}}{sup 0} mixing. CDF, UA1 and UA2 at CERN have searched for the top quark and set limits on its mass. Prospects for t and b physics at FNAL in the near future are presented. 21 refs., 14 figs.

Mastery of CMS Pipelines is a process of learning increasingly sophisticated tools and techniques that can be applied to your problem. This paper presents a compilation of techniques that can be used as a reference for solving similar problems

Single pass absorption experiments using fundamental, O-mode ECH waves have been performed in the Microwave Tokamak Experiment (MTX) and found to be consistent with linear absorption theory, as predicted for the ECH source which is a 140 GHz, 400 kW CW gyrotron. These experiments provide the basis for comparison with future Free Electron Laser (FEL) experiments in which the absorption is predicted to be in the non-linear regime for P{sub FEL} {ge} 1 GW. The gyrotron power is coupled into a quasi-optical transmission line to the tokamak by a Vlasov antenna. The input power is measured by calorimeters located just outside the injection port and on the vacuum wall opposite the port. For plasma shots, the total transmitted power and its profile are measured. Temporal analysis of the thermistor signals compared with a heat diffusion model for the tiles gives the spatial profile of transmitted power. These measurements are compared with the stored energy increase by diamagnetism measurements, 3-D vacuum fields calculations and ray-tracing calculations of the transmitted power. 5 refs., 4 figs.

A coaxial analogue of the Vlasov converter is described which transforms a whispering gallery mode into an oversize rectangular TE{sub 01} mode, which can in turn be transformed into the HE{sub 11} mode by standard techniques. 5 refs., 4 figs.

This paper describes the development of a prototype PC-based computer program called RESFEN. The program calculates the heating and cooling energy performance and costs of residential fenestration systems. Regression analysis of a data base of DOE-2 building energy simulations of single- and two-story residential buildings was used to develop algrbraic expressions that form the basis of the calculation procedure. The user can vary geographic location, electricity and gas cost, infiltration and internal load levels, HVAC all wall type as well as window size, U-value, and shading coefficient for the four cardinal orientations of north, east, south, and west. Incremental changes in energy use due to obstructions, overhangs, and interior shades can also be calculated. 7 refs., 4 figs., 5 tabs.

The synthesis of tritiated farnesyl pyrophosphate with high specific activity is reported. trans-trans Farnesol was oxidized to the corresponding aldehyde followed by reduction with lithium aluminium tritide (5%-{sup 3}H) to give trans-trans (1-{sup 3}H)farnesol. The specific radioactivity of the alcohol was determined from its triphenylsilane derivative, prepared under very mild conditions. The tritiated alcohol was phosphorylated by initial conversion to an allylic halide, and subsequent treatment of the halide with tris-tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen pyrophosphate. The hydride procedure followed in this work has advantages over existing methods for the synthesis of tritiated farnesyl pyrophosphate, with the possibility of higher specific activity and a much higher yield obtained. 10 refs., 3 figs.

This volume contains the abstracts and presentation material from the Research Assistance Task Force Meeting Electrical Breakdown of Insulating Ceramics in a High-Radiation Field.'' The meeting was jointly sponsored by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the Office of Fusion Energy of the US Department of Energy in Vail, Colorado, May 28--June 1, 1991. The 26 participants represented expertise in fusion, radiation damage, electrical breakdown, ceramics, and semiconductor and electronic structures. These participants came from universities, industries, national laboratories, and government. The attendees represented eight nations. The Task Force meeting was organized in response to the recent discovery that a combination of temperature, electric field, and radiation for an extended period of time has an unexplained adverse effect in ceramics, termed radiation-enhanced electrical degradation (REED). REED occurs after an incubation period and continues to accelerate with irradiation until the ceramics can no longer be regarded as insulators. It appears that REED is irreversible and the ceramic insulators cannot be readily annealed or otherwise repaired for future services. This effect poses a serious threat for fusion reactors, which require electrical insulators in diagnostic devices, in radio frequency and neutral beam systems, and in magnetic assemblies. The problem of selecting suitable …

The Instrumentation External Dosimetry (I ED) Section of the Health Physics Department at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) has performed a series of tests to determine the ability of portable survey instruments used at Hanford to detect radioactive contamination at levels required by DOE 5480.11. This semi-empirical study combines instrumental, statistical, and human factors as necessary to derive operational detection limits. These threshold detection values have been compared to existing contamination control requirements, and detection deficiencies have been identified when present. Portable survey instruments used on the Hanford Site identify the presence of radioactive surface contamination based on the detection of {alpha}-, {beta}-, {gamma}-, and/or x-radiation. However, except in some unique circumstances, most contamination monitors in use at Hanford are configured to detect either {alpha}-radiation alone or {beta}- and {gamma}-radiation together. Testing was therefore conducted on only these two categories of radiation detection devices. Nevertheless, many of the results obtained are generally applicable to all survey instruments, allowing performance evaluations to be extended to monitoring devices which are exclusively {gamma}- and/or x-ray- sensitive. 6 figs., 2 tabs.

As experiment to measure the neutron spin-dependent structure function g{sub 1}{sup n} (x) over a range in x from 0.04 to 0.7 and with Q{sup 2} > 1 (GeV/c){sup 2} is presented. The experiment consists of scattering a longitudinally polarized electron beam from the Stanford Linear Accelerator off a polarized {sup 3}He target and detecting scattered electrons in two magnetic spectrometers. The experiment will provide a critical test of the Bjorken sum rule and valuable information in understanding the nucleon spin structure and the violation of the Ellis-Jaffe sum rule. 3 figs., 1 tab.

A measurement of the total nuclear cross section, {sigma}{sub t}, the ratio of the real to the imaginary part of the forward nuclear elastic scattering amplitude, {rho}, and the nuclear slope parameter, B, for {bar p}p elastic scattering at {radical}{bar S} = 1.8 Te V, is presented. We find {sigma}{sub t} = 72.8 {plus minus} 3.1 mb, {rho} = 0.140 {plus minus} 0.69 and B = 16.99 {plus minus}.47 (GeV/c){sup {minus}2}. 5 refs., 13 figs., 2 tabs.

This report contains short papers on the cygnus experiments on the detection of cosmic air showers from distant sources such as nebulae, galaxies, x-ray sources, etc. (LSP).

One of the trace components of emissions from aircraft engines and other combustion sources are soot particles. These particles are strongly absorbing in the visible and IR spectra, may act as condensation nuclei, and may provide a large surface area for the catalytic promotion of gas-phase chemical reactions. Soot if found throughout the troposphere, even at remote locations, and also in the stratosphere. Present techniques do not allow an unambiguous identification of the sources. This paper discusses the emission of soot from existing and proposed aircraft and the contribution of this soot to concentrations observed in the troposphere and stratosphere. We consider the implications of these emissions for issues in stratospheric physics and chemistry. 11 refs.

We have measured {rho}, the ratio of the real to the imaginary part of {bar p}p forward elastic scattering amplitude, at {radical}s = 1.8 TeV. Our result, {rho} = 0.140 {plus minus} 0.069, is consistent with the expected value, and thus no new physics is required. 10 refs., 2 figs.

Key safety characteristics of the PRISM reactor system include the passive reactor shutdown characteristic and the passive shutdown heat removal system, RVACS. While these characteristics are simple in principle, the physical processes are fairly complex, particularly for the passive reactor shutdown. It has been possible to adapt independent safety analysis codes originally developed for the Clinch River Breeder Reactor review, although some limitations remain. In this paper, the analyses of postulated unscrammed events are discussed, along with limitations in the predictive capabilities and plans to correct the limitations in the near future. 6 refs., 4 figs.

The performance of a two-mirror resonator with holes for out-coupling has been examined in a previous study in which the FEL gain was neglected, but the geometrical effect of the wiggler aperture was included in the optical calculation. The phenomenon of mode degeneracy was found to occur, that has serious implications for the stability of performance when the FEL gain is included. We have developed a FEL oscillator code based on TDA'', a three-dimensional FEL amplifier code, to study the mode characteristics in the presence of an FEL. We find that the interaction of the radiation and the FEL has an important, and positive, impact on the mode-profile and related cavity performance parameters. In particular, mode degeneracy is not expected to be a serious problem for reasonable FEL oscillator designs. 8 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

This report presents a brief summary of the author's impressions from SQUID 91.

A standing-wave free-electron laser (SWFEL) has been proposed for use in a two-beam accelerator (TBA). Unlike a conventional microwave free-electron laser, the SWFEL has a wiggler that is divided by irises into a series of standing-wave cavities, and the beam is reaccelerated by induction cells between cavities. We introduce a one-dimensional discrete-cavity model of the SWFEL. In contrast to the continuum model that has been extensively used to study the device, the new model takes into account time-of-flight effects within the cavity and applies the reacceleration field only between cavities, where the pondermotive force is absent. As in previous SWFEL models, only a single frequency is considered. Using this model, effects of finite cavity length are investigated. For moderately long cavities, it is shown that there are no adverse effects on the phase stability of the device. 4 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.