The relevance of the statistical equilibrium limit to the description of substantially relaxed degrees of freedom is discussed. Fluctuations are considered specifically in the following processes: the correlation between entrance-channel angular momentum and exit-channel kinetic energy; the sharing of the dissipated kinetic energy between the two fragments; the magnitude and the alignment of the fragment angular momentum including the effect of shell structure. It is found that statistical fluctuations play a major role and that the statistical equilibrium limit seems to have been reached for a number of degrees of freedom.

Originally an orthorhombic structure was assigned to the non-stoichiometric hydride TiCr/sub 1/ /sub 8/H/sub 3/ /sub 6/. Recent neutron and x-ray diffraction data indicated, however, that an alternate interpretation was possible, i.e. the solid consists of two hydride phases, an ..cap alpha..' Laves phase having a composition of TiCr/sub 1/ /sub 8/H/sub 2/ /sub 8/ and an fcc phase with a much higher hydrogen content. This proved to be the case and it has been determined that the high concentration phase has a disordered fluorite structure with a/sub o/=4.27 A. Its hydrogen content, as estimated from diffraction peak intensities, corresponds to TiCr/sub 1/ /sub 8/H/sub 5/ /sub 3/. We have not been able to produce single phase fcc material but have prepared a mixed phase sample with an overall composition of TiCr/sub 1/ /sub 8/H/sub 4/ /sub 8/. The high-pressure reaction leading to the formation of the fluorite phase is very sluggish and irreversible. Pressure-composition-temperature (p-c-T) properties of this system have been determined and are discussed and a revised phase diagram is proposed.

Separate abstracts were prepared for each of the 10 included sections. (MOW)

This paper summarizes the development testing in progress at the FFTF to determine the effectiveness of high temperature microphones as acoustic monitors in the upper plenum of the FFTF. The specific goal of this testing is development of an automated loose parts monitor for the upper plenum. A description of the acoustic probe is included, as well as a discussion of the signal processing. A summary of the results to date is also given.

The purpose of the research was to determine the degree of change in commercial building design practice relating to energy conservation since the enactment of the Energy Conservation Standard for New Buildings Act of 1976. Data on current design practices consisted of information from 400 buildings advertised for bids or under construction in 1979 to 1980 on glass in windows and doors, exterior wall systems, roof system, heating plants, and lighting systems. In addition to these building design components, energy conservation measures used included: natural lighting; deadband thermostat; greenhouse-effect atrium collector, heat recovery from the top of the atrium, greenhouse passive heating panels; natural ventilation; insulating shutters, closable skylights, thermal shutters, Trombe wall, corridor trombe; attic ventilation; wind shielding, concrete wall; titlted windows; night flushing cycle; and cooling coils using cooling tower water. A brief explanation of these measures is given. (MCW)

Decision-making by decision-makers during the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island all had to do in some way, and impacted on the public health and safety, the health and safety of the workers, and emergency preparedness and health care. This paper reviews the activities of only one federal agency during the accident, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), and its effectiveness in its role as the leading institution responsible for protecting the public health during the first accident in a nuclear power plant designed for the commerical generation of electricity in the United States. My comments are limited to only three acts dealing with radiological health and protection: the struggle for power and assertion of leadership in response to possible health consequences of the accident; the decisions to evacuate the area during the radiological emergency; and the use of potassium iodide as a means of protecting the public and the workers from the hazards of exposure to radioactive iodine released to the environment.

It has been proposed that the high level nuclear waste be buried deep underground in a suitable geologic formation. Natural salt deposits have been under active consideration as one of the geologic formations where a nuclear waste repository may be built in future. The salt deposits, however, are known to contain a small amount (about 0.5 vol.%) of water in the form of brine inclusions which are dispersed throughout the medium. The temperature gradients imposed by the heat generating nuclear waste will mobilize these brine inclusions. It is important to know the rate and the amount of brine accumulating at the waste packages to properly evaluate the performance of a nuclear waste repository. An extensive experimental investigation of the migration velocities of brine inclusions in synthetic single crystals of NaCl and in polycrystalline natural salt crystals has been conducted. The results show that in a salt repository the brine inclusions within a grain would move with the diffusion controlled velocities. The brine reaching a grain boundary may be swept across, if the thermal gradient is high enough. Grain boundaries in polycrystalline rock salt are apparently quite weak and open up due to drilling the hole for a waste canister and …

A summary of the PNL effort, a background discussion on geothermal power plants, and a discussion of several cases where problems were identified and in some cases prevented are included. Cost factors, savings, and benefits-costs to the sponsor are summarized and brief conclusions concerning the benefits of having real time instrumentation installed in the power plant are characterized.

A general overview of the field of high-energy nuclear collisions studied from light particle spectra, pions, kaons, lambdas, protons, deuterons, and light composite fragments is given. Specifically, the basic reaction mechanism that determines the main features of particle emission such as the energy and angular distributions, the multiplicity, the production rate, the projectile and target mass dependences, the beam-energy dependences, etc. are discussed. Very general features of high-energy nuclear collisions are described. The major question is what characterizes these collisions. Proton emission is discussed since the proton is the dominant particle emitted at a large angle. The mechanism of composite-fragment formation is discussed. Also pion production and strange particle production are considered.

The Association for Energy Systems, Operations, and Programming (AESOP) was created to provide Department of Energy (DOE) and DOE-contractor management personnel with a means for acquiring and exchanging information concerning effective management of ADP resources and personnel as well as a variety of computer applications. AESOP serves as a forum for the data processing management of more than 50 DOE offices and private corporations under contract to DOE. AESOP Operations Managers Conferences are held approximately every 18 months. Conference topics include personnel problems, training situations, reorganization plans, and work scheduling. Security and other issues affecting ADP procedures and personnel are also often addressed. Papers published in this volume of the proceedings have been summarized from speeches and discussions that were presented at the seventh AESOP Operations Managers Conference.

A two beam colliding linac accelerator is proposed in which one beam is intense (approx. = 1KA), of low energy (approx. = MeV), and long (approx. = 100 ns) and provides power at 1 cm wavelength through a free-electron-laser-mechanism to the second beam of a few electrons (approx. = 10/sup 11/), which gain energy at the rate of 250 MeV/m in a high-gradient accelerating structure and hence reach 375 GeV in 1.5 km. The intense beam is given energy by induction units and gains, and losses by radiation, 250 keV/m thus supplying 25 J/m to the accelerating structure. The luminosity, L, of two such linacs would be, at a repetition rate of 1 kHz, L = 4. x 10/sup 32/ cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/.

Notes from a talk at the LAMPF II workshop are given. Topics include antinucleon physics in the next decade - the role of anti p and anti n beams in shedding light on some fundamental problems in nuclear and particle physics. Some particle aspects considered include; a) anti n as a source of antiquarks (anti NN provides a well-suited entrance channel for formation of new kind of mesons), and b) possibility of forming quark-gluon phase in anti N annihilations in nuclei. Some nuclear aspects discussed include: a) medium and long range parts of NN and anti NN potentials related by G-parity, b) search for coherent tensor forces in anti NN spin observables, and c) quasi-molecular resonance phenomena in anti NN and anti N-nucleus systems. (WHK)

This note describes possibilities for experiments with deuterons and light ions at beam energies greater than a few GeV per nucleon. In the low energy region (below a few GeV per nucleon) dominant secondaries created in nuclear collisions are ..delta..'s and pions. The first interesting possibility at higher beam energies is therefore the study of strange particle spectroscopy. The second possibility is related to the creation of high density. In the low energy region the creation of a high density phase is expected through a massive compression of nuclear matter. This describes how high density is created at higher beam energies and suggests several experimental possibilities for both high energy density and high particle density. The third possibility is the study of multi baryonic excited states using nuclear beams. So far, this subject has not been studied seriously even with low energy nuclear beams. However, in the future the study of multi-baryonic excited states will be one of the most interesting and important aspects of both low and higher beam energies. The simplest limit of multi-baryonic excited states is dibaryon. The search for dibaryon with nuclear beams is discussed separately as the fourth possibility. As an extension of the study …

The principal geotechnical problems in selecting a repository site for radioactive waste disposal in granite are to evaluate the suitability of the rock mass in terms of: (1) fracture characteristics, (2) thermomechanical effects, and (3) fracture hydrology. Underground experiments in a mine in Sweden have provided an opportunity to study these problems. The research has demonstrated the importance of hydrogeology and the need to improve predictions of the thermomechanical behavior of fractured rocks. To characterize a site, measurements made from the surface must be supplemented by extensive subsurface experiments. Much effort is needed to generate the technology required for the development of waste repositories.

The TENSOR code, a two-dimensional finite-difference code, has been used extensively for the solution of stress wave propagation problems in materials, particularly those associated with the containment of underground nuclear test. These problems are typically characterized by shock waves at early times and by nearly incompressible flow at later times. To address this type of problem more economically, an implicit Newmark time integration has been implemented. Implicit differencing requires the solution of a coupled system of equations, by either direct or interative methods. An iterative technique has been selected to reduce the impact of the algorithm on the code structure and because it is the more economical method when only modest increases in timestep are desired. Although the algorithm is similar in some respects to the ICE method of Harlow and Amsden, substantial differences are required by the involvement of a complete stress tensor (instead of a scalar pressure) and by the highly nonlinear nature of the earth material constitutive relations.

Heavy-ion projection and CT radiography is being developed into a safe, low-dose, noninvasive radiological procedure that can quantitate and image small density differences in human tissues. The applications to heavy-ion mammography and heavy-ion CT imaging of the brain in clinical patients suggest their potential value in cancer diagnosis.

The effect of certain organic complexants on the distribution of some radionuclides between solution and soil has been measured. The complexants and radionuclides examined are some of those most likely to be present in low-level waste disposal sites; Cs, Sr, Ni, Co, and Eu radionuclides, and EDTA, DTPA, oxalate, and citrate complexants. The effect of complexants was found to vary widely; in some systems there was no effect and in other systems there were large effects. In some cases slow rates of reaction have not allowed equilibrium measurements to be made.

This report describes the work of the Group on Far Field Accelerators. The work was focused on two accelerator schemes, the Inverse Free Electron Laser and the Two Wave Device. The possibilities and limitations of these two accelerators are discussed, as well as some of the requiremenets on the laser necessary to reach very high energies. A conceptual design of a single pass Inverse Free Electron Laser is presented.

The estimates of absorbed doses of x rays and excess risk of cancer in bone marrow and heavily irradiated sites are extremely crude and are based on very limited data and on a number of assumptions. Some of these assumptions may later prove to be incorrect, but it is probable that they are correct to within a factor of 2. The excess cancer risk estimates calculated compare well with the most reliable epidemiological surveys thus far studied. This is particularly important for cancers of heavily irradiated sites with long latent periods. The mean followup period for the patients was 16.2 y, and an increase in cancers of heavily irradiated sites may appear in these patients in the 1970s in tissues and organs with long latent periods for the induction of cancer. The accuracy of these estimates is severely limited by the inadequacy of information on doses absorbed by the tissues at risk in the irradiated patients. The information on absorbed dose is essential for an accurate assessment of dose-cancer incidence analysis. Furthermore, in this valuable series of irradiated patients, the information on radiation dosimetry on the radiotherapy charts is central to any reliable determination of somatic risks of radiation with …

Certain photosynthetic bacteria (PSB), for example, Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, evolve hydrogen when placed in an anaerobic environment with light and a suitable organic substrate. An engineering effort to use such bacteria for large-scale hydrogen production from sunlight is described. A system to produce 28,000 m/sup 3//day (1 x 10/sup 6/ ft/sup 3//day) of hydrogen has been designed on a conceptual level and includes hydrogen cleanup, substrate storage, and waste disposal. The most critical component in the design is the solar bacterial reactor. Several designs were developed and analyzed. A large covered pond concept appears most attractive. Cost estimates for the designs show favorable economics.

The somatic effects of concern in human populations exposed to low doses and low dose rates of ionizing radiations are those that may be induced by mutation in individual cells, singly or in small numbers. The most important of these is considered to be cancer induction. Current knowledge of the carcinogenic effect of radiation in man has been reviewed in two recent reports: the 1977 UNSCEAR Report; and the 1980 BEIR-III Report. Both reports emphasize that cancers of the breast, thyroid, hematopoietic tissues, lung, and bone can be induced by radiation. Other cancers, including the stomach, pancreas, pharynx, lymphatic, and perhaps all tissues of the body, may also be induced by radiation. Both reports calculate risk estimates in absolute and relative terms for low-dose, low-LET whole-body exposure, and for leukemia, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, and other cancers. These estimates derive from exposure and cancer incidence data at high doses and at high dose rates. There are no compelling scientific reasons to apply these values of risk to the very low doses and low dose rates of concern in human radiation protection. In the absence of reliable human data for calculating risk estimates, dose-response models have been constructed from …

We consider effects of parton (primarily gluon) bremstrahlung in the initial and final states of high transverse momentum hadron-hadron scattering. Monte Carlo calculations based on conventional QCD parton branching and scattering processes are presented. The calculations are carried only to the parton level in the final state. We apply the model to the Drell-Yan process and to high transverse momentum hadron-hadron scattering triggered with a large aperture calorimeter. We show that the latter triggers are biased in that they select events with unusually large bremstrahlung effects. We suggest that this trigger bias explains the large cross section and non-coplanar events observed in the NA5 experiment at the SPS.

Four current puzzles and several future experimental possibilities in high-energy nuclear collision research are discussed. These puzzles are (1) entropy, (2) hydrodynamic flow, (3) anomalon, and (4) particle emission at backward angles in proton-nucleus collisions. The last one seems not to be directly related to the subject of the present school. But it is, because particle emission into the region far beyond the nucleon-nucleon kinematical limit is an interesting subject common for both proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions, and the basic mechanism involved is strongly related in these two cases. Future experimental possibilities are described which include: (1) possibilities of studying multibaryonic excited states, (2) applications of neutron-rich isotopes, and (3) other needed experimental tasks. 72 references.

The purpose of this paper is to present a brief description of fuel reprocessing and some present developments which show the reliability of nuclear energy as a long-term supply. The following topics are discussed: technical reasons for reprocessing; economic reasons for reprocessing; past experience; justification for advanced reprocessing R and D; technical aspects of current reprocessing development. The present developments are mainly directed at the reprocessing of breeder reactor fuels but there are also many applications to light-water reactor fuel reprocessing. These new developments involve totally remote operation, and maintenance. To demonstrate this advanced reprocessing concept, pilot-scale demonstration facilities are planned with commercial application occurring sometime after the year 2000. (ATT)