Transcript of an oral interview with Joel Alderson and his wife Nila. He discusses going to boot camp in Texas, shipping off to France in early 1945 and working as an engineer, constructing bridges and demolishing German fortifications for the Army as it made it's way through Germany, blowing up Hilter's bunker in Salzburg, Austria and using bulldozers to cover piles of dead Jews the Germans left in the open (likely at Dachau). He ancedotes about meeting Eisenhower, carrying fuel up to Patton's limo when it ran out of gas, seeing Bob Hope, soldiers getting poisoned from confiscated alcohol, and getting met by his family and the town sheriff when he came home after the war.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Edward Kozak. Kozak provides some details of his family’s history as professional musicians, including his experience on the piano, marimba, harp and drums. Kozak served as the head of the department in the Shreveport Symphony, and served as a music teacher at a number of schools, including Juilliard School of Music in New York. He joined the Navy in 1943. He graduated from the Washington D.C. School of Music and was assigned as a Coxswain on a Higgins boat. He served as a marimba soloist in a band that played for Admiral Chester Nimitz throughout the war.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents and oral interview with Thomas Earp. Earp was born in Baltimore 15 November 1923. He joined the Marines and went to Camp Pendleton where he had boot training. He then went to Camp Goettge on New Caledonia and was assigned to the 1st Raider Regiment. In January 1944 he went to Guadalcanal where he had additional combat training before transferring into the 4th Marine Regiment. He was then assigned to the 1st Marine Provisional Brigade. Earp’s unit served as a reserve force during the invasion of Saipan. On 21 July 1944 he participated in the invasion of Guam. He recalls waiting on deck for a Higgins boat and seeing piles of body parts taken on board. His landing craft hung up on a coral reef and the troops had to wade ashore in high water under fire. On his first night on the island, they endured a banzai charge. As the battle moved inland he was assigned to the 53rd Construction Battalion and they began building bridges and roads. They also constructed landing strips for B-29s as well as a headquarters building for Admiral Chester Nimitz. Earp departed Guam November 1945 and …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Lloyd Fulbright. Fulbright joined the Army in September 1943 and trained in the artillery branch. He went overseas in Fenruary 1944 first to New Caledonia, then to New Zeraland where he was assigned to the 169th Field Artillery Battalion, 43rd Infantry Division. He then went to Aitape, New Guinea with the division and the Philippines. Fulbright shares several anecdotes about his combat experiences and stories from his time in occupied Japan. While in Japan, he was part of a detail that guarded the Kirin Brewery in Yokohama. He returned tot he US in January, 1946 and opted for discharge.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Clifford Ashby. Ashby was born in Effingham, Illinois on 11 June 1925. He became interested in amateur radio while in high school and joined the Merchant Marines in 1943. After passing tests related to radio operations he was assigned to the liberty ship, SS James B. Francis (1942) as a radio operator. He tells of the ship loaded with ammunition sitting in the harbor at Guadalcanal with hoses pumping water on the deck to keep it cool. He also observed Japanese air raids over the island of Morotai. Ashby’s ship also participated in the invasion of Luzon. Later, he was assigned to the SS Benjamin Grierson commenting on the excellent food served aboard Liberty ships. He comments on the excellent wages paid to Merchant seaman and the fact that the pay was doubled when the ship was within a war zone. He tells of the SS Grierson setting at Ulithi with 40 other merchant ships for three months following the Japanese surrender. After leaving the Merchant Marine he attended various colleges and he comments on his career prior to retirement.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Lew Jinks. Jinks joined the Army in June 1943 and trained as a medic. In November, he went overseas in January 1944 and was assigned to the 147th Infantry Regiment. Jinks went to Emirau with the unit, then the Mariana Islands. He also served as a medic with the unit on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Jinks relates several stories from his experiences overseas.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Everett Smith, Jr. Smith was born in Bloomington, Indiana on 23 June 1926 and after graduating from high school was drafted into the Army in September 1944. Following basic training, he embarked on the Queen Mary and arrived in Glasgow, Scotland on 1 January 1945. He crossed the English Channel to Normandy with the 63rd Infantry Division. When the war ended in Europe, Smith was in Germany training with the 63rd ID for the invasion of Japan. Following the Japanese surrender, he was transferred to the Signal Corps where his responsibilities included maintaining telephone lines along the Autobahn highway during the ensuing twelve months. He was discharged from the Army on July 24, 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Norman Sterrie. Sterrie was born 14 November 1917 in St. James, Minnesota and graduated from high school in 1934. Upon graduating from college in 1939 he joined the Navy. He graduated from flight school at Pensacola in 1940 and was assigned to Torpedo Squadron 2 on the USS Lexington (CV-2). His first combat mission occurred in March 1942 when his squadron attacked Japanese shipping at Salamaua, New Guinea. During his next mission, he and eleven others in his flight dropped torpedoes on HIJNS Shokaku. During the Battle of the Coral Sea, as Sterrie prepared to depart the Lexington, the ship was hit by torpedoes. He abandoned ship and was picked up by the USS New Orleans (CA-32). His squadron was taken to New Caledonia where they instructed Army pilots in torpedo warfare. Upon returning to the US, Sterrie was assigned to Torpedo Squadron 16 (VT-16), on the new USS Lexington (CV-16). He describes various missions he flew off until the Lexington was hit by torpedoes on 4 December 1943. After being repaired, the ship returned to the Pacific. He describes other missions he flew including those during the …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with George Zapalac. Zapalac was born in Pasadena, California 27 April 1923. He joined the US Army in 1940 and received his basic training at Fort Bliss, Texas. Upon volunteering for parachute training he was sent to Fort Benning, Georgia where he qualified as a paratrooper. He then went to Fort Bragg, Kentucky and was assigned to the 506th Parachute infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. In 1943 the unit went to England and continued training. On 6 June 1944 his division participated in Operation Neptune. He describes the procedure of boarding the plane with full combat gear and weapons. He also tells of preparing for bailout. After jumping from 700 hundred feet and landing, he recalls using a cricket device to indentify one’s self with other members of the unit. On 11 June while advancing on bridges at Carentan, France, Zapalac was severely wounded. He was treated by a medic and returned to a hospital in England. After three months in the hospital he was sent to a replacement depot. He was unable to return to combat due to the lack of mobility of his right arm. Requiring frequent …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Peter Hammersen. Hammersen joined the California Army National Guard in September of 1939. He joined, as a charter member, Company A of the 115th Medical Regiment, 40th Infantry Division. He worked as a surgical technician in various hospitals, including the 48th Station Hospital at Vila, Efate, Henderson Field at Guadalcanal and finally the 37th Portable Surgical Hospital in New Guinea. Hammersen shares a number of anecdotal stories, and he was discharged in late 1945.

Transcript of an oral interview with Nila Jackson Alderson. Born in 1925, Alderson describes life before and during the war in rural Texas as well as in the town of Burnet, Texas . Her husband, Joe Alderson, served in the military in Europe. They both discuss the mail service during the war. The interview includes information about her parents and siblings.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Charles Bast. Bast joined the Navy in January of 1942. He completed courses in seamanship, gunnery, navigation, and attended the Submarine Chaser Training Center in Miami. He was assigned to the USS Anoka (PC-571), of which he was a plank owner. He provides some details of this patrol craft. They were assigned to Port Townsend, Washington protecting the Bremerton Naval Base from enemy submarines. From the fall of 1942 to April of 1943 they were stationed in Alaska, participating in the Aleutian Island Campaigns. In January of 1944 he was assigned as Commanding Officer of the USS LST-677, which was converted into a supply ship and named the USS Yolo (APB-43). In April of 1945 they traveled with a convoy to Okinawa and provided supplies to hundreds of ships in the Philippine Sea. Bast describes the process of supplying these ships. He was discharged in November of 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with L D Cox. Cox joined the Navy in 1944 and served aboard the USS Indianapolis (CA-35). He was assigned to a deck division, and later the Navigation Division. He describes some of his job functions and life in general aboard the ship. In the spring of 1945 they launched an attack on Tokyo to cover the landings on Iwo Jima and participated in the Battle of Okinawa. He provides details of these events. They traveled back to the States for repairs. Cox then describes their secret mission of picking up the wooden box in San Francisco which carried parts for the Little Boy atomic bomb and delivering it to Tinian. En route from Guam to Leyte Gulf, in July of 1945, a Japanese submarine struck the Indianapolis with 2 torpedoes, and the ship sank within 12 minutes. Of the 1,197 crew members, Cox was one of the 317 who survived the sinking and five nights and four days in the Philippine Sea. He provides vivid details of this horrific event, his injuries and the court-martialing of Captain McVay. Cox was discharged in March of 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Larry Delewski. Delewski joined the Navy around 1942. He attended gunnery school in Newport, Rhode Island and completed a program at the Naval Gun Factory for Advanced Hydraulics in Washington, D.C. In early 1944 he was then assigned to the USS Laffey (DD-724). He provides some details of the destroyer, including its weaponry. Delewski served as Mount Captain and was in charge of gun mount number three, located on the stern. They traveled to Normandy, France and were present for D-Day in June of 1944, supporting ground troops by firing over 1,000 rounds at targets including bridges, tanks and troop concentrations. They continued their support at Normandy through the Battle of Cherbourg. Upon receiving some damage to the ship, they traveled back to the United States. In late 1944 they traveled to the Philippines and participated in the Battle of Ormoc Bay. In April of 1945 they were involved in the Battle of Okinawa, where they were heavily attacked by Japanese kamikazes. He was discharged some time in 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Devoe Hedrick. Hedrick joined the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1940. He joined the Navy in April of 1941. He served aboard the USS Corry (DD-463) as a Fire Control Technician. Their ship served on anti-submarine and escort duty in the Atlantic. Hedrick???s battle station was the five-inch gun director where he served as pointer and later as range finder operator. They participated in the North Africa invasion in September of 1942 providing anti-submarine patrol. He was later transferred to the USS Sangamon (CVE-26). In January of 1944, during the Battle of Kwajalein, they landed Marine and Army ground forces. In October of 1944 they participated in the Battle of Leyte Gulf, where they first encountered kamikazes. In March of 1945 they participated in the Battle of Okinawa, launching planes, support strikes and patrol groups. During this battle they were hit by a twin-engine kamikaze aircraft. Hedrick participated in the Korean War and retired from the Navy in 1967.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Joe Haines. Haines joined the Army Air Forces in 1942. He was assigned to the 9th Bomb Group in a B-17. He served as their photographer. He traveled to North Africa and provides some detail of his job photographing various events in the war, from the B-17, including missions when they were bombing or getting hit with flak. They traveled to Italy, and he describes meeting Pope Pius the 12th and a shares number of other stories from his travels in Italy. They flew around 40 missions. He was discharged in August of 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Kirby Krause. Krause joined the Navy in September of 1943 and served aboard the USS Nevada (BB-36) in the 4th Division retrieving seaplanes out of the water. He vividly describes his work aboard the ship, including his work with fueling hoses. Krause goes into great detail of life aboard the ship including food, living quarters and overall morale amongst the men. The Nevada served as a convoy escort, providing fire support during the invasions of Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Krause provides details of getting hit by a kamikaze during the Battle of Okinawa. He also shares the procedures for burial at sea for the men killed in action. In August of 1945 they were sent to Leyte Island for ship repairs. He was discharged around June of 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Ralph Mauller. Mauller joined the Navy around 1942. He completed Midshipman???s School and served aboard the USS Ozark (LSV-2). With his commission as a deck officer, he also served as a Chaplain aboard the Ozark. They participated in the invasions of both Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He provides details of their mission at Iwo Jima. He was later assigned as Troop Transport Officer aboard the USS William P. Biddle (APA-8). He was discharged around 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Giles McCoy. McCoy joined the Marines in June of 1943. He served as a sniper. McCoy was assigned to the 7th Marine Regiment, 1st Marine Division. He participated in the Invasion of Peleliu in September of 1944, as well as the battles of Okinawa and Iwo Jima. He talks about his experiences with kamikaze planes at Okinawa. He then served as a Marine replacement and a hot shell man aboard the USS Indianapolis (CA-35). McCoy provides vivid details of the ship sinking and his 4 days surviving in the Philippine Sea. He was discharged around late 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Harry Minarik. Minarik joined the Navy in December of 1941. He was appointed as an Aviation Cadet and provides details of his training. He completed Carrier School, learning how to land on carriers. He was assigned to Torpedo Squadron Sixteen (VT-16). They completed a number of training sessions in and around Hawaii. In the spring of 1943 he flew planes aboard the USS Lexington (CV-16). Minarik provides details of their participation during the Battle of Tarawa. They traveled to Wake Island in October of 1943, when the Lexington raided. In December of 1943 Minarik was aboard the Lexington during the Kwajalein Raid, and explains how the ship got hit by a Japanese torpedo. In March of 1944 the Lexington crew traveled to Majuro in the Marshall Islands and began a series of operations against the Japanese positions in the Central Pacific. In June of 1944 they participated in the Battle of the Philippine Sea. He was officially discharged in 1949.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Ari Phoutrides. Phoutrides joined the Navy in 1942. He completed Quartermaster School, and was assigned to the USS Laffey (DD-724) in February of 1944. His job aboard was overseeing supplies and ammunition. His battle station was on the bridge. They participated in the invasion of France, taking Landing Craft, Infantry to Utah Beach in June of 1944. Beginning April of 1945, they participated in the Battle of Okinawa, where the Laffey overcame unrelenting kamikaze air attacks. Phoutrides provides vivid details of these experiences. He served aboard the ship until his discharge in April of 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Hiroshi Sakahara. Sakahara is second generation Japanese-American. He provides some details of his family history and life growing up in Tacoma, Washington during the Great Depression. In 1941 he joined the Army and volunteered for the 442nd Infantry Combat Team, 5th Army. They fought in Belgium and Italy on the front lines opposite the Germans. He served as an ammunition carrier and later carried the Browning Automatic Rifle. In the Spring of 1944 through May of 1945, Sakahara pulled guard duty until Germany surrendered. He was discharged in June of 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Walter Skeldon. Skeldon recalls several anecdotes from growing up during the Great Depression. He enlisted in the Navy in August 1941 and trained at Newport, Rhode Island. He was in aviation mechanic school when the war started. Skeldon describes the initiation when a ship crosses the Equator while aboard USS Santee (CVE-29) and was involved in the invasion of North Africa. He shares stories from Morocco. He went to arresting gear school before he served aboard USS Kadashan Bay (CVE-76). Skeldon shares several anecdotes about life aboard an aircraft carrier during World War II. He also talks about the Battle of Leyte Gulf. He also served as a plane captain aboard an SBD. He also describes his experiences at Okinawa. Skeldon shares a few post war anecdotes about hauling former Italian POWs back to Italy. He retired from the Navy in 1947 and went to work on the railroad. He was recalled for the Korean War.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Henry Osburn. He begins with an anecdote about his birth and a mix-up on his birth certificate. In 1944, he was draftred into the Navy at 18 years of age. Osburn went to boot camp in San Diego for four weeks of intense training. His pay was $32 per month. When he finished Basic Training, Osburn was attached to Carrier Aircraft Support Unit 53 in Hopeville, California. Two months later, he was sent to Philadelphia for more training, this time with catapult and arresting gear. From there, Osburn reported to the USS Hornet (CV-12) operating in the Pacific. Osburn then speaks about the job he had working with aircraft arresting gear and life aboard ship. He mentions the ship being involved in operations at Iwo Jima and Okinawa.