CHEMICAL EVOLUTION (open access)

CHEMICAL EVOLUTION

How did life come to be on the surface of the earth? Darwin himself recognized that his basic idea of evolution by variation and natural selection must be a continuous process extending backward in time through that period in which the first living things arose and into the period of 'Chemical Evolution' which preceded it. We are approaching the examination of these events by two routes. One is to seek for evidence in the ancient rocks of the earth which were laid down prior to that time in which organisms capable of leaving their skeletons in the rocks to be fossilized were in existence. This period is sometime prior to approximately 600 million years ago. The earth is believed to have taken its present form approximately 4700 million years ago. We have found in rocks whose age is about 1000 million years certain organic molecules which are closely related to the green pigment of plants, chlorophyll. This seems to establish that green plants were already fluorishing prior to that time. We have now found in rocks of still greater age, namely, 2500 million years, the same kinds of molecules mentioned above which can be attributed to the presence of living …
Date: June 1, 1965
Creator: Calvin, Melvin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Foote Creek and Dutton Creek Formations, Two New Formations in the North Part of the Laramie Basin, Wyoming (open access)

The Foote Creek and Dutton Creek Formations, Two New Formations in the North Part of the Laramie Basin, Wyoming

A report about two new geologic formations in Wyoming. The Foote Creek Formation consists of beds of fine-grained sandstone with shale, siltstone, and coal beds. The Dutton Creek Formation consists of beds of coarse-grained locally conglomeratic sandstone.
Date: 1965
Creator: Hyden, Harold J.; McAndrews, Harry & Tschudy, Robert H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nomenclature and Correlation of Lithologic Subdivisions of the Jefferson and Three Forks Formations of Southern Montana and Northern Wyoming (open access)

Nomenclature and Correlation of Lithologic Subdivisions of the Jefferson and Three Forks Formations of Southern Montana and Northern Wyoming

A report about the Jefferson Formation and the Three Forks Formation. Both of them constitute a sequence of dominantly marine rocks.
Date: 1965
Creator: Sandberg, Charles A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Changes in Stratigraphic Nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1963 (open access)

Changes in Stratigraphic Nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1963

A report that fits in a series of reports that are about changes in stratigraphic nomenclature and that will list publications in which the changes have been describes. It deals with stratigraphy, including those defining changes in stratigraphic nomenclature in reports of the U.S. Geological Survey.
Date: 1965
Creator: Cohee, George V. & West, Walter S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Final Report: Investigation of Boiling Flow Regimes and Critical Heat Flux (open access)

Final Report: Investigation of Boiling Flow Regimes and Critical Heat Flux

From abstract: A program to investigate the mechanism of the critical heat flux condition from the standpoint of flow regimes has been initiated at Dynatech for the AEC. This report covers the work done on this investigation in the first year.
Date: March 1, 1965
Creator: Suo, M.; Bergles, Arthur E.; Doyle, Edward F.; Clawson, L. & Goldberg, P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Development of an Improved Thermionic Energy Converter: Third Quarterly Technical Report (open access)

The Development of an Improved Thermionic Energy Converter: Third Quarterly Technical Report

From introduction: The objective of the current program is to determine the feasibility of the reservoirless converter operation by conducting a series of tests on operating thermionic converters which contain cesium in the vapor phase only.
Date: April 1965
Creator: Radio Corporation of America. Direct Energy Conversion Department.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT Research and development activities: fixation of radioactive residues. July-September 1965 (open access)

QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT Research and development activities: fixation of radioactive residues. July-September 1965

The calcined-waste containers produced during the Hot Cell Pilot Plant experiments in 1962 and 1963 have generated a maximum pressure of 3 psig. Design verification tests with the prototype spray calciner showed satisfactory performance when producing high melting point powders. Later tests on other feeds showed poor atomization and cake buildup in the calciner. Design of the prototype equipment is complete. Procurement and fabrication of prototype equipment is done except for a few cleanup items and final field-fitting of jumpers. Design verification tests on the pot storage station indicated satisfactory calorimeter performance. A GE-412 computer was successfully used in design verification tests for data collection, calculation, and correlations. Studies continued on fixation of sulfates from acid condensates generated in a glass-making process. Lead sulfate-borax melts produced by a continuous feed melter at 900/sup 0/C appear to be quite fluid, but exhibited a high (22%) evolution of sulfate. Studies were initiated on incorporation of the neutralized condensate into asphalt. Release rates of up to 2%/hr for /sup 137/Cs from a simulated phosphate ceramic waste material were observed from exposures to temperatures up to 1200/sup 0/C. Release rates of other isotopes which appear to be a thousand-fold lower than for cesium established …
Date: October 1, 1965
Creator: Platt, A.M. (ed.)
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Perched Ground Water in Zeolitized-Bedded Tuff, Rainier Mesa and Vicinity, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (open access)

Perched Ground Water in Zeolitized-Bedded Tuff, Rainier Mesa and Vicinity, Nevada Test Site, Nevada

Introduction: This report describes the occurrence, movement, and discharge of perched ground water in tuffaceous rocks that cap and underlie Rainier Mesa -- the site of the first series of underground nuclear detonations made by the Atomic Energy Commission at the Nevada Test Site.
Date: 1965
Creator: Thordarson, William
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
World Distribution of Soil, Rock, and Vegetation (open access)

World Distribution of Soil, Rock, and Vegetation

Introduction: The objective of the study was to estimate the worldwide distribution of a few broad categories of naturally occurring materials found on the land surface of the earth.
Date: June 30, 1965
Creator: Goldberg, Jerald M.; Fosberg, F. Raymond; Sachet, Marie-Hélène & Reimer, Allen
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Army gas-cooled reactor systems program. ML-1 pressure vessel technology evaluation. Summary report (open access)

Army gas-cooled reactor systems program. ML-1 pressure vessel technology evaluation. Summary report

A limited program of evaluation of the ML-1 technology as related to the design of the calandria/pressure vessel assembly was completed. This work included: a photoelastic experimental program which resulted in the conclusion that values recommended by Langer and O'Donnell for the effective elastic constants employed in the analysis of ligament stresses in the ML-1 type tube sheets in the past results in a good approximation of the bending constants but in a value of the tensile elastic modulus which is about 40% too high; several modifications to the TSA computer code for stress calculations which improved the precision and flexibility of the code; and a very preliminary evaluation of the properties of candidate materials for use in a high-performance, advanced ML-1 type pressure vessel.
Date: July 1, 1965
Creator: Eggert, W. K. & English, W. F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Use of total beta counts to estimate GI tract dose rates (open access)

Use of total beta counts to estimate GI tract dose rates

It was the practice for several years to estimate the potential dose rate to the gastrointestinal from sanitary water sources by evaluating the results of radiochemical analysis of individual nuclides. The proposed method estimates the GI tract dose from Pasco and Richland domestic water from measurements of the total beta activity, and permits more frequent and more economical evaluation of a variable source of radiation exposure. Beginning with 1964 data, the GI tract dose rate for Richland and Pasco sanitary water has been obtained by multiplying the total beta count by a conversion factor derived from the historical relationship between the radiochemical analyses and the total beta counts. Either the accumulation of more data or changes in the relative abundance of the more significant nuclides in the water may result in changes in this factor.
Date: October 25, 1965
Creator: Hall, R.B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Computer calculation of angular momentum coupling coefficients and of (d,p) stripping reaction cross section. Technical report No. 14. [B53 DWC, B53GOR, B53RIM, B53SIX, in FORTRAN] (open access)

Computer calculation of angular momentum coupling coefficients and of (d,p) stripping reaction cross section. Technical report No. 14. [B53 DWC, B53GOR, B53RIM, B53SIX, in FORTRAN]

A theoretical expression for the stripping differential cross section is derived and prepared for computer evaluation. Input information is provided for the code B53DWC, which calculates this cross section, and the codes B53GOR, B53SIX, and B53RIM, which evaluate 3-J, 6-J, and 9-J coefficients. (RWR)
Date: February 1, 1965
Creator: Strobel, G.L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
710 reactor program. Progress report No. 17 (open access)

710 reactor program. Progress report No. 17

This report is the seventeenth in a series of progress reports of the advanced high-temperature gas reactor - 710 program. This report describes the work performed and progress made from September 1 to October 31, 1965 on the following current tasks in the 710 program: Development of Refractory-Metal Fuel Elements; Critical Experiments of Fast-Spectrum, Refractory-Metal Reactors; Experimental Reactor Preliminary Design and Development; Test Facilities Design and Evaluation; and Investigations of the Application of the 710 Reactor Concept to Space Power Systems.
Date: December 1, 1965
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Thermo-physics technical note No. 43: SNAP fuel particle dispersion (open access)

Thermo-physics technical note No. 43: SNAP fuel particle dispersion

An evaluation of particle dispersion from natural and artificial sources has been made relating this information to circulation processes in the mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere. The data on natural particle and nuclear debris dispersion have been interpreted in terms of their significance in regard to SNAP fuel reentry dispersion and extended by various fall-out time and dispersion calculations.
Date: June 9, 1965
Creator: Johnson, H.E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Experimental heat transfer distribution on the SNAP 10A reactor (open access)

Experimental heat transfer distribution on the SNAP 10A reactor

Heating distributions have been obtained for the SNAP 10A reactor by means of a thermal paint technique in the Rhodes and Bloxsom 60 in. hypersonic wind tunnel. Data and correlations are presented only for those reactor components where the ratio of the local heat transfer to that on the stagnation point of the calibration sphere was found to be independent of tunnel conditions. It is shown that these heating distributions can be applied directly to reentry conditions provided the thermally painted and the bare reactor surfaces are both catalytic to atom recombination.
Date: January 29, 1965
Creator: Hopenfeld, J. & Toews, R.E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Thermo-physics technical note No. 56: a parameter study of properties and mechanisms affecting the reentry ablation of SNAP fuel particles (open access)

Thermo-physics technical note No. 56: a parameter study of properties and mechanisms affecting the reentry ablation of SNAP fuel particles

The results are presented of a parameter survey of the properties and mechanisms affecting the reentry ablation of SNAP fuel particles. The following properties and mechanisms were studied: aerodynamic heating, oxidation, oxide vaporization, metal vaporization, particle emissivity, specific heat, density, velocity, and initial size. These studies were made for particle release altitudes ranging from 170,000 to 228,000 feet.
Date: December 7, 1965
Creator: Sayles, C.W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Journal of the Senate of the State of Texas, Regular Session of the Fifty-Ninth Legislature, Volume 1 (open access)

Journal of the Senate of the State of Texas, Regular Session of the Fifty-Ninth Legislature, Volume 1

The Journal contains the proceedings of the Senate of Texas including legislation, reports, discussions, votes, and points-of-order. Some volumes also contain supplementary materials.
Date: 1965
Creator: Texas. Legislature. Senate.
Object Type: Legislative Document
System: The Portal to Texas History
Journal of the Senate of the State of Texas, Regular Session, Volume 2, and First Called Session of the Fifty-Ninth Legislature (open access)

Journal of the Senate of the State of Texas, Regular Session, Volume 2, and First Called Session of the Fifty-Ninth Legislature

This volume of the Journal contains the full documentation for the regular session and the first called session of the Senate of Texas including proceedings, authors of Senate bills, as well as the history of Senate bills and resolutions. Pagination starts over at the end of the regular session. The index for the regular session begins on page 2397, and the index for the first called session begins on page 123.
Date: 1965
Creator: Texas. Legislature. Senate.
Object Type: Legislative Document
System: The Portal to Texas History
Full Text of the Game, Fish and Fur Laws of Texas with citations of Park Laws, 1965 (open access)

Full Text of the Game, Fish and Fur Laws of Texas with citations of Park Laws, 1965

This book includes the full text of Texas laws (current at the time of publication) that are related to game, fish, and fur laws or to state park laws. There are eight sections: Game Laws; Fresh Water Fishing; Salt Water and Commercial Fishing; Fur-bearing Animals; Sand, Shell and Gravel; Pollution Laws; Commission--Powers, Duties; and Regulatory Responsibility. The preface includes information about citations used in the text. Indexes to wildlife statues, subjects, and park statutes start on page 501.
Date: September 1, 1965
Creator: Texas. Parks and Wildlife Department.
Object Type: Book
System: The Portal to Texas History
Status of plant assistance irradiations as of July 16, 1965 (open access)

Status of plant assistance irradiations as of July 16, 1965

This report covers the activities with regard to on-site customer irradiations as of the above date. The report covers the status of materials undergoing irradiation, awaiting disposition, material shipped during the month, and current status of all reactor test holes. The integrated exposure values are calculated in accordance with HW-62781, {open_quotes}Status Report Equations.{close_quotes} The integrated exposure reported is the average exposure received by the surrounding uranium columns. Conversion to exposure received by the sample is left to the customer.
Date: August 3, 1965
Creator: Ferguson, J. H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Status report of confinement studies Douglas United Nuclear operated reactors (open access)

Status report of confinement studies Douglas United Nuclear operated reactors

Confinement studies on the Hanford Production reactors were started in March at the request of the Richland Operations Office. The confinement studies were then undertaken with the following objectives established: (1) review and reestablish if necessary, the maximum credible accident for the production reactors operated by Douglas United Nuclear (DUN); (2) evaluate the present confinement systems under the Code of Federal Regulation Title 10, Part 100, Reactor Site Criteria, for the maximum credible accident and an accident corresponding to the failure of reactor fuel containing 50% of the reactor`s fission product inventory; (3) establish improvements or additions in the confinement system needed to more nearly comply with 10 CFR Part 100 radiation dose criteria for existing boundaries of the exclusion area and the low population zone for the maximum credible accident; and (4) list facility additions and changes required to comply with 10 CFR Part 100 criteria for more serious accidents than the maximum credible accident. This report presents the interim status of the confinement studies in meeting the listed objectives and lists the improvements which might be used to bring the reactors nearer to compliance with 10 CFR Part 100.
Date: November 30, 1965
Creator: Spink, J. R. & Fifer, N. F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Production Test IP-719: The effect of water plant variables on effluent activity. Final report (open access)

Production Test IP-719: The effect of water plant variables on effluent activity. Final report

One source of the parent materials which are converted into the radioisotopes in reactor effluent is the impurity content of Columbia River water. It has been demonstrated that as the efficiency of removal of the radioisotope parent materials increases, the amount of radioisotopes in the reactor effluent decreases. An example of this is the activity reduction which results from the use of high alum feed. In order to determine whether effluent activity would be influenced by the length of filter run, a half-plant test was initiated at DR Reactor on September 28, 1964, under the authorization of Production Test IP-719. This report presents the results of the test. The water treatment plant at DR Reactor was operated for a three-month period with half the filters on a seven-hour filter cycle and the other half on a 5.25 hour filter cycle. The shorter filter cycle did not significantly reduce either the filtered water turbidity or the P{sup 32} and As{sup 76} concentration in the reactor effluent. It can be concluded that in the range investigated effluent activity is not influenced by the length of filter cycle as long as breakthrough is avoided.
Date: February 23, 1965
Creator: Geier, R. G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Processing Department monthly report, March 1965 (open access)

Chemical Processing Department monthly report, March 1965

This report, from the Chemical Processing Department at HAPO, discusses the following: Production operation; Purex and Redox operation; Finished products operation; maintenance; Financial operations; facilities engineering; research; and employee relations.
Date: April 22, 1965
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fission gas inventories and estimated releases from PRTR HPD fuel (open access)

Fission gas inventories and estimated releases from PRTR HPD fuel

The PRTR is entering a phase of operation in which there is an increased danger of high level fission product release from failed fuel. The higher fuel operating temperatures result in a much larger percentage fission gas release from the fuel crystal; also it is believed that the central voids and inter-crystal cracks greatly improve the transport of fission gases from the far end of a fuel rod to a defect location. 6 tabs.
Date: September 21, 1965
Creator: Stoddard, J. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library