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Ocean energy contract list, fiscal year 1990
The purpose of the federal Ocean Energy Technology (OET) Program is to develop techniques that harness ocean energy (waves, currents, and thermal and salinity gradients) in a cost-effective and environmentally acceptable manner. The OET Program seeks to develop ocean energy technology to a point at which the commercial sector can assess whether applications of the technology are viable energy conversion alternatives or supplements to systems. The federal OET Program is conducted by DOE and is assigned to the Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy. Past studies conducted by the US Department of Energy (DOE) have identified ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) as the largest potential contributor to US energy supplies from the ocean resource. As a result, of the OET Program concentrates on research to advance OTEC technology. The FY 1990 contract overview comprises a list of all subcontracts begun, ongoing, or completed during FY 1990 (October 1, 1989, through September 30, 1990). Under each managing laboratory, projects are listed alphabetically by project area and then by subcontractor name.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
DOE Ofice of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Systems studies plan, fiscal years 1991 and 1992. [Appendix lists system studies with respective abstracts]
The Systems Engineering Management Plan for the DOE Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, which defines the systems engineering process for the Federal Radioactive Waste System (FWMS), requires that systems studies to support the integration, evaluation, and optimization of the system be identified. These studies are generally directed toward further defining system or system-element functional requirements, including interface requirements, evaluating alternative system configurations or operational rules, or optimizing design features to achieve system integration. Because the decisions based on these studies are conducted within the overall configuration management process, a consistent and documented framework for the identification and conduct of systems studies must be available. A planned approach is needed so that results from defensible and referenceable systems analyses are available to make informed decisions in a timely manner. This Plan covers top level'' studies (i.e., those involving system requirements generally and the definition of requirements for system elements). This Plan is focused on the FY 1991 and 1992 period, and will be updated periodically as required to ensure its currency. Proposed systems studies for FY 1991 and 1992, their recommended timing, and their relations to one another, current studies, and major program milestones are identified. In general, only those …
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Wood, T W; Haffner, D R & Fletcher, J F
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
CYGNUS Collaboration contributions to the twenty-second ICRC
This report contains short papers on the cygnus experiments on the detection of cosmic air showers from distant sources such as nebulae, galaxies, x-ray sources, etc. (LSP).
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Alexandreas, D. E.; Biller, S.; Dion, G. M.; Lu, X. Q.; Yodh, G. B.; Berley, D. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Soot in the stratosphere: The impact of current and HSCT aircraft emissions
One of the trace components of emissions from aircraft engines and other combustion sources are soot particles. These particles are strongly absorbing in the visible and IR spectra, may act as condensation nuclei, and may provide a large surface area for the catalytic promotion of gas-phase chemical reactions. Soot if found throughout the troposphere, even at remote locations, and also in the stratosphere. Present techniques do not allow an unambiguous identification of the sources. This paper discusses the emission of soot from existing and proposed aircraft and the contribution of this soot to concentrations observed in the troposphere and stratosphere. We consider the implications of these emissions for issues in stratospheric physics and chemistry. 11 refs.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Hansen, A.D.A. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)); Pueschel, R.F. & Snetsinger, K.G. (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA (United States). Ames Research Center)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Sandia telephone database system
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, may soon have more responsibility for the operation of its own telephone system. The processes that constitute providing telephone service can all be improved through the use of a central data information system. We studied these processes, determined the requirements for a database system, then designed the first stages of a system that meets our needs for work order handling, trouble reporting, and ISDN hardware assignments. The design was based on an extensive set of applications that have been used for five years to manage the Sandia secure data network. The system utilizes an Ingres database management system and is programmed using the Application-By-Forms tools.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Nelson, S. D. & Tolendino, L. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigation on the utilization of coal fly ash as amendment to compost for vegetation in acid soil
Application of fly ash-amended composts as manure enhances the crop yield of certain plants like corn, sorghum, collard and mustard greens. Organic compost made out of grass and leaves (home-made) is better than the commercial composts for amendment with fly ash. A 20--40% fly ash in the amended compost and a soil to ash-amended compost ratio of 3:1 are recommended for making bed for plantation. Organic compost mixed with fly ash, due to reduced porosity, will help the bed to retain water and conserve water supply to plants. Organic compost will release to the manure additional quantities of N, P, and S that are not substantially available in fly ash. It appears that chemical reaction and/or mineralization occurs during composting of fly ash with organic manure to release more N, P, K and S to the system. Potassium is more elevated in all plants grown in potted soil treated with fly ash-amended compost than in those grown in soil or soil treated with organic manure. Contrary to expectation Ca in fly ash is not effectively used by plants as the latter treated with ash- amended compost is not rich in Ca. This suggests that Ca may be tied up as …
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Menon, M.P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of. rho. , the ratio of the real to imaginary part of the p p forward elastic scattering amplitude, at radical s = 1. 8 TeV
We have measured {rho}, the ratio of the real to the imaginary part of {bar p}p forward elastic scattering amplitude, at {radical}s = 1.8 TeV. Our result, {rho} = 0.140 {plus minus} 0.069, is consistent with the expected value, and thus no new physics is required. 10 refs., 2 figs.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Rubinstein, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Coal plasticity at high heating rates and temperatures. Y
This report presents the Ph.D. Thesis Proposal of Mr. Sarakorn Gerjarusak to the MIT Department of Chemical Engineering on the topic: Plasticity Kinetics of Different Coal Types.'' A theoretical approach to the study of coal plasticity is described. Previous work relating the viscosity of molten coal to the inventory of metaplast employed a single chemical reaction model. In order to be able to use the kinetics parameters such as the activation energy obtained at one temperature-time history to predict the plasticity of molten coal at other temperature-time histories, a multiple independent parallel reaction model will be used to interpret our plastometer data. In addition, key plastic properties of different coals such as maximum fluidity and duration of plasticity will be correlated to a coal-type specific parameter formulated by Ko, and requiring only the elemental composition of the parent coal. Finally, the plastic properties of each coal will be correlated to the tar yield from that coal to test a model which assumes metaplast to be the precursor of tar. 24 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Gerjarusak, S.; Peters, W.A. & Howard, J.B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Prism reactor system design and analysis of postulated unscrammed events
Key safety characteristics of the PRISM reactor system include the passive reactor shutdown characteristic and the passive shutdown heat removal system, RVACS. While these characteristics are simple in principle, the physical processes are fairly complex, particularly for the passive reactor shutdown. It has been possible to adapt independent safety analysis codes originally developed for the Clinch River Breeder Reactor review, although some limitations remain. In this paper, the analyses of postulated unscrammed events are discussed, along with limitations in the predictive capabilities and plans to correct the limitations in the near future. 6 refs., 4 figs.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Van Tuyle, G.J. & Slovik, G.C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cost estimates of operating onsite spent fuel pools after final reactor shutdown
This report presents estimates of the annual costs of operating spent fuel pools at nuclear power stations after the final shutdown of one or more onsite reactors. Its purpose is to provide basic spent fuel storage cost information for use in evaluating DOE's reference nuclear waste management system, as well as alternate systems. The basic model of an independent spent fuel storage installation (ISFSI) used in this study was based on General Electric Corporation's Morris Operation and was modified to reflect mean storage capabilities at an unspecified, or generic,'' US reactor site. Cost data for the model came from several sources, including both operating and shutdown nuclear power stations and existing ISFSIs. Duke Power Company has estimated ISFSI costs based on existing spent fuel storage costs at its nuclear power stations. Similarly, nuclear material handling facilities such as the Morris Operation, the West Valley Demonstration Project, and the retired Humbolt Bay nuclear power station have compiled spent fuel storage cost data based on years of operating experience. Consideration was given to the following factors that would cause operating costs to vary among pools: (1) The number of spent fuel pools at a given reactor site; (2) the number of operating …
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Rod, S R
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Three-dimensional simulation of a hole-coupled FEL oscillator
The performance of a two-mirror resonator with holes for out-coupling has been examined in a previous study in which the FEL gain was neglected, but the geometrical effect of the wiggler aperture was included in the optical calculation. The phenomenon of mode degeneracy was found to occur, that has serious implications for the stability of performance when the FEL gain is included. We have developed a FEL oscillator code based on TDA'', a three-dimensional FEL amplifier code, to study the mode characteristics in the presence of an FEL. We find that the interaction of the radiation and the FEL has an important, and positive, impact on the mode-profile and related cavity performance parameters. In particular, mode degeneracy is not expected to be a serious problem for reasonable FEL oscillator designs. 8 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Krishnagopal, S.; Xie, M.; Kim, K. J. & Sessler, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Research on the pyrolysis of hardwood in an entrained bed process development unit
An atmospheric flash pyrolysis process, the Georgia Tech Entrained Flow Pyrolysis Process, for the production of liquid biofuels from oak hardwood is described. The development of the process began with bench-scale studies and a conceptual design in the 1978--1981 timeframe. Its development and successful demonstration through research on the pyrolysis of hardwood in an entrained bed process development unit (PDU), in the period of 1982--1989, is presented. Oil yields (dry basis) up to 60% were achieved in the 1.5 ton-per-day PDU, far exceeding the initial target/forecast of 40% oil yields. Experimental data, based on over forty runs under steady-state conditions, supported by material and energy balances of near-100% closures, have been used to establish a process model which indicates that oil yields well in excess of 60% (dry basis) can be achieved in a commercial reactor. Experimental results demonstrate a gross product thermal efficiency of 94% and a net product thermal efficiency of 72% or more; the highest values yet achieved with a large-scale biomass liquefaction process. A conceptual manufacturing process and an economic analysis for liquid biofuel production at 60% oil yield from a 200-TPD commercial plant is reported. The plant appears to be profitable at contemporary fuel costs …
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Kovac, R. J.; Gorton, C. W.; Knight, J. A.; Newman, C. J. & O'Neil, D. J. (Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA (United States). Research Inst.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Audit of the cost effectiveness of contracting for headquarters support services
This report describes the finding and recommendations on the audit of contractor costs for support services at Department of Energy (DOE) Headquarters. The objective was to determine whether the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-76 requirement for new and existing support services contracts was properly implemented. DOE spends about $229 million on support services annually. The audit found that, on average, the costs to perform the work in-house were 40 percent less than contractor costs. The contracted activities were nevertheless continued because DOE policy did not require a cost comparison analyses as part of the program office request for support services. In addition, program officials were reluctant to perform cost comparisons because of concerns about the time required to complete the cost analysis and the availability of additional Federal positions needed for conversion to in-house performance. For the contracts reviewed, DOE could have saved $16.3 million by performing these services in-house rather than by contract.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High-power microwave transmission systems for electron-cyclotron-resonance plasma heating
This progress report is for the sixth year of a grant from the US Department of Energy for the design, development, and fabrication of ECRH transmission and mode conversion systems to transport microwave power from a gyrotron to a magnetically confined plasma. The design and low-power testing of new and improved components for such systems and development of underlying theory is the focus of this project. Devising and improving component testing and diagnostic techniques is also an important part of this effort. The development of possible designs for sections of gyrotrons themselves, such as tapers or Vlasov-type launchers, in support of the Varian gyrotron development program is also considered when appropriate. We also provide support to other groups working on ECR heating of magnetically confined plasmas such as the groups at General Atomics, the University of Texas at Austin, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. During the last year, we designed and had fabricated a two-dimensional Vlasov antenna system for a 110 GHz TE{sub 15,2} mode gyrotron for possible use at General Atomics. The system included the launcher section, a visor, main reflector, and focusing reflector. Programs to generate the tool-path profiles to cut the General Atomics'' Vlasov components on a …
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Vernon, R.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Summary and conclusions
This report presents a brief summary of the author's impressions from SQUID 91.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Clarke, J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The configuration management program for the Emergency Management Support System
Emergency response software is used increasingly by the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) Emergency Management Project (EMP) personnel at Hanford Site. This software must be reliable, of high quality, and capable of performing critical functions to support assessment of actual or potential consequences of any hazardous accidents onsite or events having potential offsite impacts. To better control the software and ensure its suitability for use as a tool to protect employees, the public, and environment, a method for specifying and certifying its capabilities and documenting its development and implementation was needed. A team of EMP staff, composed of personnel from Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) and Boeing Computer Services- Richland (BCSR) under the direction of PNL EMP, responded to this need by developing a software configuration management program (CMP). This report documents the development of the CMP, including the strategies upon which the CMP is based, and describes the program as it has been implemented for EMS System software. The program relies on the integration of its three primary elements: the configuration management staff, tools, and process. Configuration management staff run the program, using specially designed configuration management forms to guide, document, and track the life cycle of the software. The …
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Probasco, K M & Stephan, E G
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Treatability study for WAG 6 (SWSA 6) trench water
The Environmental Restoration Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is examining methods for remediation and final closure of Waste Area Grouping 6 (WAG 6) under a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) closure plan. WAG 6 consists primarily of Solid Waste Storage Area 6 (SWSA 6), where solid low- level radioactive waste (and some hazardous waste) was buried from 1968 to 1985 in shallow trenches. To support the feasibility study that is being prepared for closure of WAG 6, lab-scale treatability tests were performed on the water from selected trenches in SWSA 6 to determine if the trench water could be treated at the existing wastewater treatment plants at ORNL. Water from 23 of the 500 trenches in SWSA 6 has been sampled and analyzed to date, and the 4 most highly contaminated trenches identified thus far supplied the water used in the treatability tests. The softening and ion-exchange processes used in the Process Wastewater Treatment Plant (PWTP) reduced the {sup 90}Sr concentration, which was the only radionuclide present in the trench water at above the discharge limits, from 260 to 0.2 Bq/L. The air stripping and activated carbon adsorption processes used in the Nonradiological Wastewater Treatment Plant (NRWTP) …
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Taylor, P.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design of the support structure, drive pedestal, and controls for a solar concentrator
The glass/metal McDonnell-Douglas dish is the state-of-the-art of parabolic dish concentrators. Because of the perceived high production cost of this concentrator, the Department of Energy's Solar Thermal Program is developing stretch-membrane technology for large (75 kWt) solar concentrators for integration with receivers and engines in 25 kWe dish-Stirling systems. The objective of this development effort is to reduce the cost of the concentrator while maintaining the high levels of performance characteristic of glass-metal dishes. Under contract to Sandia National Laboratories, Science Applications International Corporation, Solar Kinetics Inc. and WG Associates are developing a faceted stretched-membrane heliostat technology. This design will result in a low-risk, near-term concentrator for dish-Stirling systems. WG Associates has designed the support structure, drives and tracking controls for this dish. The structure is configured to support 12 stretched-membrane, 3.5-meter diameter facets in a shaped dish configuration. The dish design is sized to power a dish-Stirling system capable of producing 25 kW (electric). In the design of the structure, trade-off studies were conducted to determine the best'' facet arrangement, dish contour, dish focal length, tracking control and walk-off protection. As part of the design, in-depth analyses were performed to evaluate pointing accuracy, compliance with AISC steel design codes, …
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Goldberg, V.R.; Ford, J.L. & Anderson, A.E. (WG Associates, Dallas, TX (United States))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Studies of heavy-ion reactions and transuranic nuclei
The development of the cold-fusion'' episode is reviewed. Ongoing studies of compound-nucleus formation and decay via the neutron multiplicity distribution confirm the validity of conventional statistical theory. The excitation energy partition in near-barrier damped {sup 58}Ni + {sup 208}Pb collisions is found to be largely independent of the direction of net mass transfer, supporting a diffusion-like nucleon-exchange mechanism. Exclusive experiments on the heavy reaction systems {sup 197}Au + {sup 208}Pb and {sup 209}Bi + {sup 136}Xe in the Fermi-energy domain have revealed important new insights into the reaction mechanism, which is found to be dominated by damped, binary processes. The effectiveness of the neutron multiplicity as an impact-parameter filter is demonstrated. It is shown that very-heavy-ion reactions lead to transient nuclear systems with temperatures in excess of {tau} = 6 MeV and transfer of large, aligned spins to reaction fragments. The first measurements of neutrons in coincidence with kinematically identified reaction fragments provide evidence for the binary, sequential character of dissipative collisions in the Fermi-energy domain. Also for the first time, a full event characterization was achieved for nuclear reactions in terms of neutrons and charged particles. Technical information on this experiment is provided. First results yield strong evidence for …
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Schroeder, W. U. & Huizenga, J. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Research and Development Report, Fiscial Year 1989-1990.
Since the 1940s, the Bonneville Power Administrative (BPA), has sought to advance an efficient system to provide the Pacific Northwest region with safe, reliable, and cost-effective electrical power. Research and development (R D) activities support that mission. Each biennium, R D managers issue a digest report of the various programs and activities in each of the technological arenas. The report covers a few projects, considered as yielding particularly significant results, as spotlights. Others are described less fully; in some cases with a simple annotation. The report's divisions correspond to the major categories of R D projects: fish and wildlife, energy resources, and transmission technology. 18 figs., 4 tabs.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) generator development project: Environmental Assessment
The proposed project involves research, development, fabrication, and testing of solid oxide fuel cells/generators. All of the work, with the exception of various SOFC generator tests, would be conducted at two existing permitted Westinghouse facilities in the greater metropolitan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area. The DOE has prepared this Environmental Assessment (EA). This site-specific analysis addresses the two existing permitted Westinghouse facilities. The sources of information for this EA include the following: the technical proposal submitted as part of the assistance application by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation; discussions with the Westinghouse staff and information provided on the sites to be utilized; and site visits during work conducted under the prior Westinghouse effort with DOE.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The thermodynamic properties of benzothiazole and benzoxazole
This research program, funded by the Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Advanced Extraction and Process Technology, provides accurate experimental thermochemical and thermophysical properties for key'' organic diheteroatom-containing compounds present in heavy petroleum feedstocks, and applies the experimental information to thermodynamic analyses of key hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, and hydrodeoxygenation reaction networks. Thermodynamic analyses, based on accurate information, provide insights for the design of cost-effective methods of heteroatom removal. The results reported here, and in a companion report to be completed, will point the way to the development of new methods of heteroatom removal from heavy petroleum. Measurements leading to the calculation of the ideal-gas thermodynamic properties are reported for benzothiazole and benzoxazole. Experimental methods included combustion calorimetry, adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, comparative ebulliometry, inclinded-piston gauge manometry, and differential-scanning calorimetry (d.s.c). Critical property estimates are made for both compounds. Entropies, enthalpies, and Gibbs energies of formation were derived for the ideal gas for both compounds for selected temperatures between 280 K and near 650 K. The Gibbs energies of formation will be used in a subsequent report in thermodynamic calculations to study the reaction pathways for the removal of the heteratoms by hydrogenolysis. The results obtained in this research are compared with …
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Steele, W. V.; Chirico, R. D.; Knipmeyer, S. E. & Nguyen, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Discrete cavity model of a standing-wave free-electron laser
A standing-wave free-electron laser (SWFEL) has been proposed for use in a two-beam accelerator (TBA). Unlike a conventional microwave free-electron laser, the SWFEL has a wiggler that is divided by irises into a series of standing-wave cavities, and the beam is reaccelerated by induction cells between cavities. We introduce a one-dimensional discrete-cavity model of the SWFEL. In contrast to the continuum model that has been extensively used to study the device, the new model takes into account time-of-flight effects within the cavity and applies the reacceleration field only between cavities, where the pondermotive force is absent. As in previous SWFEL models, only a single frequency is considered. Using this model, effects of finite cavity length are investigated. For moderately long cavities, it is shown that there are no adverse effects on the phase stability of the device. 4 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Rangarajan, G.; Sessler, A. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)) & Sharp, W.M. (Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States))
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Quantum cosmology on the worldsheet
Two-dimensional quantum gravity coupled to conformally invariant matter central c > 25 provides a toy model for quantum gravity in four dimensions. Two-dimensional quantum cosmology can thus be studied in terms of string theory in background fields. The large scale cosmological constant depends on non-linear dynamics in the string theory target space and does not appear to be suppressed by wormhole effects. 13 refs.
Date:
August 1, 1991
Creator:
Cooper, A.R.; Susskind, L. & Thorlacius, L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library