Solid breeder materials are required in D-T fusion reactor blankets to convert fusion neutrons to tritium and thermal energy while providing some neutron shielding for the magnets. Lithium compounds such as Li/sub 2/O, LiAlO/sub 2/, Li/sub 4/SiO/sub 4/ and Li/sub 2/ZrO/sub 3/ have been proposed as solid breeder materials. Tritium is necessary to maintain the fuel supply for the D-T fusion reaction. No high burnup irradiation performance data is available for these materials in a neutron environment prototypic of the fusion blanket. The FUBR Experiment in EBR-II has been designed and built to evaluate the irradiation performance of these materials.

It has been suggested that efficient heating can occur by coupling energy through the shear Alfven resonance that is predicted to occur at particular locations within inhomogeneous plasmas. This heating mechanism should be applicable to tokamaks; however, the existence of the resonances in tokamaks has not yet been established experimentally. We present here direct observations of localized enhancement in the driven wave magnetic field which are compatible with theoretical predictions for the shear Alfven resonance in tokamak geometry. These resonance studies at low absorbed power will be followed by higher power heating (approx. 1 MW) presently being developed.

The Fifteenth LAMPF Users Group Meeting was held November 2-3, 1981 at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physical Facility. The program of papers scheduled to be presented was amended to include a Report from Washington by Clarence R. Richardson, US Department of Energy. The general meeting ended with a round-table working group discussion concerning the Planning for a Kaon Factory. Individual items from the meeting were prepared separately for the data base.

Open circuit failures (up to 100%) in small-diameter thermocouples used in electrically heated nuclear fuel rod simulator prototypes during thermal cycling tests were investigated to determine the cause(s) of the failures. The experiments conducted to determine the relative effects of differential thermal expansion, wire size, grain size, and manufacturing technology are described. It was concluded that the large grain size and embrittlement which result from certain common manufacturing annealing and drawing procedures were a major contributing factor in the breakage of the thermocouple wires.

Sandia A and F systems Division 1132 provided arming and firing support for the DISTANT RUNNER Test Program at White Sands Missile Range. This report describes the field support and the firing system that was used.

The basic parameters are discussed which determine the accuracy of timing measurements and their effect in a practical application, specifically timing with thin-surface barrier detectors. The discussion focusses on properties of the detector, low-noise amplifiers, trigger circuits and time converters. New material presented in this paper includes bipolar transistor input stages with noise performance superior to currently available FETs, noiseless input terminations in sub-nanosecond preamplifiers and methods using transmission lines to couple the detector to remotely mounted preamplifiers. Trigger circuits are characterized in terms of effective rise time, equivalent input noise and residual jitter.

A review is presented of the historical contributions of Gilbert N. Lewis to science and a discussion of the influence of Lewis on the research of the members of the physical-organic staff at Berkeley, including Melvin Calvin, during the twenties, thirties and forties. Some specific examples are discussed. Also, the effect of Lewis, his science and administrative concepts in the creation of excellence in a department of chemistry are reviewed.

The actinides produced by transmutation reactions in nuclear reactor fuels are a significant factor in nuclear fuel burnup, transportation and reprocessing. Irradiation testing is a primary source of data of this type. A segmented pin design was developed which provides for incorporation of multiple specimens of actinide oxides for irradiation in the UK's Prototype Fast Reactor (PFR) at Dounreay Scotland. Results from irradiation of these pins will extend the basic neutronic and material irradiation behavior data for key actinide isotopes.

Commercially prepared aluminide coatings on Hastelloy X and Inconel 617 substrates were exposed to controlled-impurity helium at 850/sup 0/ and 950/sup 0/C for 3000 h. Optical and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy, electron microprobe profiles, and SEM X-ray mapping were used to evaluate and compare exposed and unexposed control samples. Four coatings were evaluated: aluminide, aluminide with platinum, aluminide with chromium, and aluminide with rhodium. With extended time at elevated temperature, nickel diffused into the aluminide coatings to form epsilon-phase (Ni/sub 3/Al). This diffusion was the primary cause of porosity formation at the aluminide/alloy interface.

The performance of a 15 x 15 cm/sup 2/ MultiWire Proportional Chamber (MWPC) with lead glass tube converter is presented. A standard Argon-Methane (70-30) gas mixture has been used at various pressures between 1.0 and 2.0 atm. For 511 keV ..gamma..-rays incident almost perpendicular onto a 1.0 cm thick lead glass tube converter, a detection efficiency of 4.5%, a time resolution of 130 ns (FWHM) and a spatial resolution of 1.3 mm (FWHM) has been obtained at 2 atm. Fast delay lines, capacitively coupled to the cathodes, standard integrated amplifiers and comparator electronics have been adopted for the position read-out. The use of fast delay lines (specific delay 8 ns/cm) ensures a high rate capability. A multiplanar positron camera is proposed, made of six MWPC modules arranged to form the lateral surface of a hexagonal prism. Each module (50 x 50 cm/sup 2/) will have a 2 cm thick converter on both sides of the chamber and will be operating at 2 atm. The expected performance is presented and compared with that of a recent multi-ring BGO camera, and is shown to be superior in spatial resolution and comparable in event rate at a considerably lower cost.

After two and a half years of development and construction, an electronic 4..pi.. detector has been used for the first time in studying relativistic nuclear collisions. This detector complements the visual 4..pi.. detectors like emulsions, AgCl detectors, and the streamer chamber, which have been in use for many years. Only the streamer chamber has the same important feature as the Plastic Ball in being triggerable for specific event types. In a series of experiments with beams of /sup 20/Ne, /sup 40/Ar, and /sup 40/Ca up to energies of 1.05 GeV/u, approximately three million events were measured with various trigger conditions. In contrast to the visual detectors, these events are already totally digitized and ready for immediate analysis. All multiparticle correlations of charged particles are measured in each event and do not have to be determined as an average quantity from two particle inclusive data. Besides the particle identification of the hydrogen and helium isotopes, the Plastic Ball identifies the positive pions. This makes it interesting for the study of pion production, which sets in at around 100 MeV/u incident energy, and has promise to shed some light onto the equation of state of nuclear matter. Besides the analysis of the …

The complexity of evaluating how a physical security system would perform against a broad array of threat situations dictates the use by an inspector of methods which are not completely rigorous. Intuition and judgment based on experience have a large role to play. The use of soft probabilities can give meaningful results when the nature of the situation to which they are applied is sufficiently understood. Although the scoring method proposed is based on complex theory, it is feasible to apply on an intuitive basis. 6 figures.

In this summary talk I collect a number of current problems in the investigation of new flavours which were discussed at the 1982 Moriond Workshop.

It is suggested that the presence of c anti c-pairs on the 1 to 2% level in the hadron Fock state decomposition (intrinsic charm) gives a natural description of the ISR data for charm hadron production. The theoretical foundations of the intrinsic charm hypothesis together with its consequences for lepton- and hadron-induced reactions are discussed in some detail. There is no contradiction with the EMC data on F/sub 2//sup c/ provided the appropriate threshold dependence is taken into account.

In a recent series of papers, the authors have addressed the formulation, preparation, characterization and performance testing of SYNROC containing SRP defense wastes. They have also recently published a brief description of the SYNROC process flow sheets and a schematic layout of an associate processing facility. In this brief paper they summarize current data and discuss the implications of: (1) the flexibility of the SYNROC formulation to accommodate unanticipated changes in feed composition; and (2) recent reductions in complexity of the SYNROC process. In regard to formulation, it is important to realize that only four additives (TiO/sub 2/, ZrO/sub 2/, CaO and SiO/sub 2/) are used in the preparation of SYNROC containing SRP defense waste. Further, they have found that components in the waste sludge feed can vary by as much as +- 50% in composition without affecting either the quantity of SYNROC additives needed or the quality of the final product. Their experience shows the SYNROC formulation to be very tolerant of wide variations in feed composition and thus very forgiving of feed stream upsets. The SNROC-D process, at the present state (2 years R and D) is less developed than the more mature (greater than 15 years R …

Stochastic cooling is the damping of betatron oscillations and momentum spread of a particle beam by a feedback system. In its simplest form, a pickup electrode detects the transverse positions or momenta of particles in a storage ring, and the signal produced is amplified and applied downstream to a kicker. The time delay of the cable and electronics is designed to match the transit time of particles along the arc of the storage ring between the pickup and kicker so that an individual particle receives the amplified version of the signal it produced at the pick-up. If there were only a single particle in the ring, it is obvious that betatron oscillations and momentum offset could be damped. However, in addition to its own signal, a particle receives signals from other beam particles. In the limit of an infinite number of particles, no damping could be achieved; we have Liouville's theorem with constant density of the phase space fluid. For a finite, albeit large number of particles, there remains a residue of the single particle damping which is of practical use in accumulating low phase space density beams of particles such as antiprotons. It was the realization of this fact …

Fusion blanket designs have for almost a decade considered the use of a solid breeder relying on available data and assumed performance. The conclusion from these studies is that acceptable neutronic and thermal hydraulic performance can be achieved. In the future, it will be necessary to establish that a particular material can tolerate the thermal and irradiation environment of the fusion blanket while still providing the required functions of tritium recovery, power production and neutron shielding.

The sequential emission of /sup 4/He is demonstrated in the reaction Ho + Ta and the /sup 4/He angular distribution is used to test the rigid rotation limit in the reaction Ho + Ag. A more refined analysis of the dependence of continuum ..gamma..-ray multiplicities upon Q-value and gamma ray energy shows that reasonable agreement with the statistical model is obtained if one assumes the presence of low energy aligned dipole transitions in the reactions Ho, Yb, Sm, Ag + Ho. Sequential fission angular distributions from very asymmetric reactions U, Au + Ne provide a severe test for the statistical model.

Abstract titles are: Recent developments in modeling variably saturated flow and transport; Unsaturated flow modeling as applied to field problems; Coupled heat and moisture transport in unsaturated soils; Influence of climatic parameters on movement of radionuclides in a multilayered saturated-unsaturated media; Modeling water and solute transport in soil containing roots; Simulation of consolidation in partially saturated soil materials; modeling of water and solute transport in unsaturated heterogeneous fields; Fluid dynamics and mass transfer in variably-saturated porous media; Solute transport through soils; One-dimensional analytical transport modeling; Convective transport of ideal tracers in unsaturated soils; Chemical transport in macropore-mesopore media under partially saturated conditions; Influence of the tension-saturated zone on contaminant migration in shallow water regimes; Influence of the spatial distribution of velocities in porous media on the form of solute transport; Stochastic vs deterministic models for solute movement in the field; and Stochastic analysis of flow and solute transport. (DMC)

The equilibrium hydrogen absorption isotherm using annealed, strain-free FeTi, exhibits only one plateau up to a composition of FeTiH/sub 1.95/. However, the desorption isotherm, determined immediately after the first hydriding step, exhibits the usual two plateaux. X-ray diffraction results of samples with compositions within the absorption plateau limits indicate the major phases present to be ..cap alpha.. and ..gamma.., although a small amount of ..beta.. phase was always detected. Apparently the absorption isotherm represents the direct conversion of ..cap alpha.. ..-->.. ..gamma.. and ..beta.. phase precipitation is almost completely suppressed. Thermodynamic quantities for this conversion are given. The results are attributed to the influence of lattice strain upon the behavior of the ..beta..1 and ..beta..2 phases. A practical consequence of the effect is the distortion of the pressure-composition isotherm in the ..beta..-..gamma.. region as a function of hydriding-dehydriding cycles. This is caused by an increase in H solubility of the ..beta.. and ..gamma.. phases and the widening of the phase composition limits as the strain increases with cycle number. However, after many hundreds of cycles there is no further significant increase in strain and the isotherm shape becomes essentially fixed and reproducible. The distortion is reversible by mild annealing.

Controlled density LiA10/sub 2/, Li/sub 2/Zr0/sub 3/, Li/sub 4/SiO/sub 4/ and Li/sub 2/O pellets were fabricated by hot pressing for irradiation testing as candidate tritium breeding materials. Pellet specifications, characterization data, and procedures for hot pressing, pellet grinding and halide removal are discussed.

Inspectors are required to analyze the impact of instances of noncompliance with physical security requirements at licensed nuclear facilities. A scoring procedure for components and a method for evaluating the effectiveness of the subsystems involved are proposed to reinforce an inspector's judgment about the remaining level of safeguards.

Electron cyclotron heating experiments are described in which 28 GHz microwave power is injected into the JFT-2 tokamak. Ordinary mode power injected from the low field side increased the central electron temperature from 600 eV to 1000 eV with 110 kW, for densities below the ordinary mode cutoff density of 1.0 x 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/. Extraordinary mode power launched obliquely from the high field side increased the temperature from 600 eV to 1200 eV with 85 kW, for densities well below the extraordinary mode cutoff density, and effective heating was maintained close to the cutoff density of 1.6 x 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/. The extraordinary mode launched obliquely was also found to heat more efficiently and to a higher density than the extraordinary wave launched perpendicularly. On this basis, the Doublet III ECH experiments which will use up to 2 MW of 60 GHz power are designed to make use of oblique inside launch of a pure extraordinary mode. The waveguide transmission system to accomplish this is discussed.

Experiments are underway in the Wisconsin Levitated Toroidal Octupole to create hot, dense plasmas to facilitate the study of ..beta.. limits and related phenomena such as Pfirsch-Schlueter and bootstrap currents. The question of ballooning mode instability limits on ..beta.. = 8 ..pi..nk(T/sub i/+T/sub e/)/B/sup 2/ is of general importance for all toroidal systems, and ICRF heating should permit study of high ..beta.. plasmas with lower collisionality and smaller gyroradii than those of the high ..beta.. gun-injected plasmas currently under study in the Octupole. To these ends we are developing sources capable of delivering 4 MW to the plasma (1.5 MW coupled to the plasma to date, the rest under development).