Calculations have been made of the three-dimensional mixing, chemical reaction, and flow field development in a typical ducted rocket configuration. The governing partial differential equations are numerically solved by an iterative finite-difference solution procedure. The physical models include the k approx. epsilon turbulence model, one-step reaction, and mixing controlled chemical reaction rate. Radiation is neglected. The mean flow structure, fuel dispersal patterns, and temperature field are presented in detail for a base configuration with 0.058 m (2 in.) dome height, 45/sup 0/ side arm inclination, and with gaseous ethylene injected from the dome plate at an eccentric location. In addition, the influences of the geometrical parameters such as dome height, inclination of the side arms, and location of the fuel injector are studied.

The accuracy of the finite analytic method of discretizing fluid flow equations is assessed through calculations of multidimensional scalar transport. The transport of a scalar function in a uniform velocity flow field inclined with the finite-difference grid lines is calculated for a range of grid Peclet numbers and flow skewness. The finite analytic method is observed to be superior to the approach of constructing finite-difference analogs from locally one-dimensional resolution of the flow vector. However, the finite analytic method also produces appreciable errors locally in regions of steep variations, under conditions of large grid Peclet numbers, and skewness of the streamlines.

This report contains the proceedings of the workshop which was held at Argonne during the period May 14 through June 15, 1984. The report contains 22 articles, authored or co-authored by the participants in the workshop. Topics covered at the workshop included the asymptotics of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions; qualitative and quantitative aspects of Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problems with discrete and continuous spectra; polar, indefinite, and non-self-adjoint Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problems; and systems of differential equations of Sturm-Liouville type.

This report describes logic programming approaches to two graph theoretical problems relevant to reactor and logic circuit analysis: those of cut-set verification and subsystem detection.

Cracking of liquid-oxygen (LOX) posts was observed in several evaluation tests. The design modification consists of attaching impingement shields to LOX posts in the upstream row. This has improved the vibration/fatigue problem of LOX posts. However, that modification results in an increased pressure drop that ultimately affects the lifetime of other components. This report presents a preliminary assessment of the LOX post vibration problem including a review of relevant parameters, flow induced vibration mechanisms, scoping calculation and experiment, and a work plan for an integrated theoretical/experimental study.

As multiprocessors become commercially available, a great deal of concern is being focused on the problems involved in writing and debugging software for such machines. Earlier work described the use of monitors implemented by macro processors to attain portable code. This work formulates a general-purpose monitor which simplifies the programming of a wide class of numeric algorithms. We believe that the approach of describing a set of schedulable units of computation advocated by Brown offers a real simplification for the applications programmer. In this paper, we propose a straight-forward programming paradigm for describing schedulable units of computation that allows the description of many algorithms with very little effort.

Report on solving problems with shell-and-tube heat exchangers resulting from recent trends toward higher flowrates, larger size, and optimized designs.

This paper surveys work recently done at Argonne National Laboratory in an attempt to discover ways to construct numerical software for high-performance computers. The numerical algorithms are taken from several areas of numerical linear algebra. Discussion of certain architectural features of advanced-computer architectures that will affect the design of algorithms. The technique of restructuring algorithms in terms of certain modules is reviewed. This technique has proved successful in obtaining a high level of transportability without severe loss of performance on a wide variety of both vector and parallel computers.

The work described in this report represents research conducted in the first year of a three-year program to assess, characterize, and design thermoplastic piping for use in elevated-temperature district heating (DH) systems. The present report describes the results of a program to assess the potential usefulness of advanced thermoplastics as piping materials for use in DH systems.

Performance of improved Ni/Fe electric vehicle batteries was measured at ambient temperatures of 0, 25, and 50 C for a range of overcharge levels, open-circuit stand times, and charge and discharge rates. Tests in which charges and discharges were performed at different battery operating temperatures showed that the discharge capacity of a Ni/Fe battery is directly related to its operating temperature, but its charge acceptance is decreased at 0 and 50 C by approx. 6% from that obtained at 25 C. The decline in battery efficiency at high temperatures is the result of increased self-discharge losses. In the first 0.5 h after charge, the Ah self-discharge loss at 50 C is twice (6%) that at 0 and 25 C (approx. 3%), corresponding to an increase in initial self-discharge rate from approx. 8 to 16 A. The increased self-discharge rate apparently occurs during the latter part of charging and, thereby, causes the 6% decline in charge acceptance. A decrease in battery efficiency also resulted at 50 C (6% coulombic and 4% energy efficiency loss) when the charge current was reduced from the 3-h to the 6-h rate. In comparison, low temperatures impact battery internal resistance and IR-free voltage more than high …

This paper describes an alternative library of elementary functions prepared for use with the standard Fortran compiler under 4.2 BSD UNIX on a VAX 11/780. The library, written in C and based on the book ''Software Manual for the Elementary Functions'' by Cody and Waite, offers improved accuracy over the standard system library, as well as additional capabilities. Listings and output from the ELEFUNT suite of test programs are included in the appendix.

Variations in the design of a specific slip joint separating two cantilevered, telescoping tubes conveying water were studied to determine their effect upon the leakage flow-induced vibration self-excitation mechanism known to exist for the original slip joint geometry. The important parameters controlling the self-excitation mechanism were identified, which, along with previous results, allowed the determination of a comprehensive set of design rules to avoid unstable vibrations. This was possible even though a new self-excitation mechanism was found when the engagement of the two tubes was small.

Report on research and development of the lead-acid battery for electric vehicle propulsion, focusing on continuing development on the forced electrolyte flow-through concept with some work on the composite, plastic/lead grid.

Report on the environmental impact of Argonne National Laboratory.

Highlights of the Chemical Technology (CMT) Division's activities during 1985 are presented. In this period, CMT conducted research and development in areas that include advanced batteries--mainly lithium-alloy/metal sulfide and sodium/sulfur, advanced fuel cells with molten carbonate or solid oxide electrolytes, corrosion-protective coatings for high-strength steel, coal utilization, including the heat and seed recovery technology for coal-fired magnetohydrodynamics plants and the technology for fluidized-bed combustion, methodologies for recovery of energy from municipal waste nuclear technology related to waste management, the recovery processes for discharged fuel and the uranium blanket in a sodium-cooled fast reactor, and proof of breeding in a light water breeder reactor, and physical chemistry of selected materials in environments simulating those of fission and fusion energy systems.

Report on technical progress in the various research and assessment activities of Argonne National Laboratory.

Heat transfer in evacuated-tube solar collectors with heat-pipe absorbers is compared with that for similar collectors with flow-through absorbers. In systems that produce hot water or other heated fluids, the heat-pipe absorber suffers a heat transfer penalty compared with the flow-through absorber, but in many cases the penalty can be minimized by proper design at the heat-pipe condenser and system manifold. The heat transfer penalty decreases with decreasing collector heat loss coefficient, suggesting that evacuated tubes with optical concentration are more appropriate for use with heat pipes than evacuated or non-evacuated flat-plate collectors. When the solar collector is used to drive an absorption chiller, the heat-pipe absorber has better heat transfer characteristics than the flow-through absorbers.

This report documents the design considerations and test results of two heat extraction systems for the ANL Research Salt Gradient Solar Pond (RSGSP). Since operation began in November 1980, the RSGSP has been used to study a wide variety of solar pond phenomena, and the behavior of the RSGSP without heat extraction has been well characterized. Heat extraction equipment was installed in the spring of 1984, with heat extraction experiments conducted the following summer and fall and in the fall of 1985. The experiments simulated the use of the solar pond for grain drying. The effects of both heat extraction methods on the stability of the salt gradient are investigated.

An experimental study is reported to investigate the jump phenomenon in critical flow velocities for tube rows with different pitch-to-diameter ratios and the excited and intrinsic instabilities for a tube row with a pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.75. The experimental data provide additional insights into the instability phenomena of tube arrays in crossflow.

Report of various activities in Argonne National Laboratory Physics Division including medium-energy physics research, research at ATLAS, theoretical nuclear physics, superconducting LINAC development, and accelerator operations.

The conditions are given for which the more flexible of two cantilevered, telescoping tubes conveying fluid can be self-excited by flow leaking from an un-constricted slip joint. Also, a physical explanation of the excitation mechanism is discussed, and a design rule to avoid the mechanism is presented. In addition, the results for the un-constricted slip joint are shown to be similar to those for slip joints having annulus constrictions at very short engagement lengths.

Results of environmental monitoring program conducted at Palos Park.

This report discusses research activities and operations of the Advanced Computing Research Facility (ACRF) at Argonne National Laboratory from January 1985 through June 1986. During this period, the Mathematics and Computer Science Division (MCS) at Argonne received incremental funding from the Applied Mathematical Sciences program of the DOE Office of Energy Research to operate computers with innovative designs that promise to be useful for advanced scientific research. Over a five-month period, four new commercial multiprocessors (an Encore Multimax, a Sequent Balance 21000, an Aliant FX/8, and an Intel iPSC/d5) were installed in the ACRF, creating a new wave of research projects concerning computer systems with parallel and vector architectures. A list of projects, publications, and users supported by the ACRF is included.

This report reviews the research activities in the Mathematics and Computer Science Division at Argonne National Laboratory for the period April, 1985 through June 30, 1986. The body of the report gives a brief look at the MCS staff and the research facilities, and discusses various projects carried out in four major areas of research: advanced computing, applied analysis, computational mathematics, and software methodology. Information on division staff, visitors, workshops, and seminars is found in the appendixes.