The Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA is located on the western margin on the Mineral Mountains in Beaver County, Utah. The bedrock geology of the area is presented. It is dominated by metamorphic and plutonic rocks of Precambrian age as well as felsic plutonic phases of the Tertiary Mineral Mountains Pluton. Rhyolite flows, domes, and pyroclastics reflect igneous activity between 0.8 and 0.5 million years ago. All lithologies present in the map area are described in detail with an emphasis on characteristics which will allow them to be distinguished in drill cuttings. The geothermal system at Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA is structurally controlled with reservoir rocks demonstrating little primary permeability. North to north-northeast trending faults are the youngest structures in the area, and they control present fumarolic activity and recent hot spring activity which has deposited opaline and chalcedonic sinters. It is proposed here that the geothermal reservoirs are controlled primarily by intersections of the principal zones of faulting. Logs from Thermal Power Utah State 72-16, Getty Oil Utah State 52-21, and six shallow thermal gradient holes drilled by the University of Utah are presented in this report and have been utilized in the construction of geologic cross sections of the …

Westinghouse has completed the Preliminary Desigh Phase for the Power System Development of the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Demonstration Plant project. This study included the development of a preliminary design for a Modular Application scaled power system (10MWe) and Heat Exchanger Test Articles, both based on the concept developed in the Conceptual Design Phase. The results of this study were used to improve the baseline design of the 50MWe module for the Commercial Size Power System, which was recommended for the demonstration plant by the conceptual design study. The 50MWe module was selected since it has the lowest cost, and since its size convincingly demonstrates that future economically viable commercial plants, having reliable operation with credible anticipated costs, are possible. Additional optimization studies on the size of the power system plus hull continue to identify 50MWe as the preferred minimum cost configuration. This study was limited to a closed cycle ammonia power system module, using a seawater temperature difference of 40/sup 0/F, and a surface platform/ship reference hull. This volume presents the preliminary design configuration and system optimization. (WHK)

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Two full-scale heating experiments and a time-scale heating experiment have recently been started in grainite 340 meters below surface. The purpose of the full-scale heating experiments is to assess the near-field effects of thermal loading for the design of an underground repository of nuclear wastes. That of the time-scale heating experiments is to obtain field data of the interaction between heaters and its effect don the rock mass during a period of about two years, which corresponds to about twenty years of full-scale operation. Geological features of the rock around each experiment have been mapped carefully, and temperatures, stresses and displacements induced in the rock by heating have been calculated in advance of the experiments. Some 800 different measurements are recorded at frequent intervals by a computer system situated underground. These data can be compared at any time with predictions made earlier on video display units underground.

Heating electrons by microwave power near either the electron cyclotron frequency or its harmonic is analyzed in some detail. The purpose of this study is to determine whether electrons in current or future mirror devices could be heated by electromagnetic waves in this frequency range. Absorption lengths, accessibility conditions, and appropriate polarization are among the concerns studied. It is found that the Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX) may efficiently be heated by the extraordinary mode at omega = omega either in the solenoid-to-plug transition region or near the center of the plug at densities napprox. = 10/sup 13/cm/sup -3/.

During the third quarter of the Solar-MEC program, work continued on developing the computer model simulating the desiccant wheel behavior (Task 1) and assessing the performance of the regenerative heat exchange wheel (Task 3). This report specifically presents the results obtained using the computer model as an analytical tool to evaluate design and operating conditions to optimize the wheel's performance. It also contains evaluations of two different available heat transfer matrixes: the currently used aluminum honeycomb and a new product, a potentially less-expensive, corrugated aluminum material. The mathematical modeling and diagnostic evaluations and ways of improving the component and machine performance were identified and are described for both tasks.

A recently developed method for calculating the widths of atomic and molecular resonances is reviewed. The method is based on the golden-rule definition of the resonance width, GAMMA(E). The method uses only square-integrable, L/sup 2/, basis functions to describe both the resonant and the non-resonant parts of the scattering wave function. It employs Stieltjes-moment-theory techniques to extract a continuous approximation for the width discrete representation of the background continuum. Its implementation requires only existing atomic and molecular structure codes. Many-electron effects, such as correlation and polarization, are easily incorporated into the calculation of the width via configuration interaction techniques. Once the width, GAMMA(E), has been determined, the energy shift can be computed by a straightforward evaluation of the required principal-value integral. The main disadvantage of the method is that it provides only the total width of a resonance which decays into more than one channel in a multichannel problem. A review of the various aspects of the theory is given first, and then representative results that have been obtained with this method for several atomic and molecular resonances are discussed. 28 references, 3 figures, 4 tables. (RWR)

A summary of two reports, COO/4120-1 and COO/4120-2, is given. A comparative analysis was made of the Quality Assurance practices related to the structural concrete phase on nine nuclear and three fossil fuel power plant projects which are (or have been) under construction in the United States in the past ten years. For the nuclear projects the analysis identified the response of each Quality Assurance program to the applicable criteria of 10 CFR Part 50, Appendix B as well as to the pertinent regulatory requirements and industry standards. For the fossil projects the analysis identified the response of each Quality Assurance program to criteria similar to those which were applicable in the nuclear situation. The major emphasis was placed on the construction aspects of the structural concrete phase of each project. The engineering and design aspects were examined whenever they interfaced with the construction aspects.

The FY78 objectives, descriptions, and results of insolation research tasks of the Solar Energy Research Institute's (SERI) Energy Resource Assessment Branch (ERAB) are presented. The tasks performed during FY78, the first year of operation for SERI/ERAB, addressed the resources of insolation (''sunshine'') and wind. Described in this report is the insolation portion of the FY78 ERAB efforts, which resulted in operational computer models for the thermal (broadband) and spectral insolation, a data base (SOLMET) for the U.S. geographical distribution of thermal insolation, preliminary research measurements of the thermal insolation on tilted surfaces, and a complete design concept of advanced instrumentation to measure automatically the insolation on 37 tilted surfaces at various orientations.

An analytical two-dimensional, multi-region, multi-cell technique has been developed for the thermal analysis of LMFBR rod bundles. Local temperature fields of various unit cells were obtained for 7, 19, and 37-rod bundles of different geometries and power distributions. The validity of the technique has been verified by its excellent agreement with the THTB calculational result. By comparing the calculated fully-developed circumferential clad temperature distribution with those of the experimental measurements, an axial correction factor has been derived to account for the entrance effect for practical considerations. Moreover, the knowledge of the local temperature field of the rod bundle leads to the determination of the effective mixing lengths L/sub ij/ for adjacent subchannels of various geometries. It was shown that the implementation of the accurately determined L/sub ij/ into COBRA-IIIC calculations has fairly significant effects on intersubchannel mixing. In addition, a scheme has been proposed to couple the 2-D distributed and lumped parameter calculation by COBRA-IIIC such that the entrance effect can be implanted into the distributed parameter analysis. The technique has demonstrated its applicability for a 7-rod bundle and the results of calculation were compared to those of three-dimensional analyses and experimental measurements.

A separate abstract was prepared for each section of the report. (TFD)

The engineer using the OSCAR steady state simulation program will be able to link together in an arbitrary configuration the pieces of equipment needed to simulate an OTEC plant. Each one of these pieces of equipment (condenser, mixer, splitter, pump, etc.) is called a unit. Within a unit there are three types of substructures. A group of variables associated with a unit is called a variable pack. A unit can utilize more than one variable pack, and several units can utilize the same variable pack. The variables associated with a stream (flow rate, temperature, and pressure) form a variable pack. These variables are used by the unit producing the stream and by the unit receiving the stream. Another example of a variable pack would be the variables associated with a condenser. This type of variable pack would contain such variables as condenser area, log mean temperature difference, and heat duty. Other variable packs would contain physical properties of the pure components of a stream. A physical property variable pack of a particular component would be available to any unit where the component appeared.

A matrix is produced showing the direct purchase of all energy (in Btus) by each of 90 consuming sectors covering the U.S. economy for the year 1971. Energy purchases are divided into five major types: coal, crude oil, refined petroleum, utility gas, and electricity. This 5 x 90 matrix is produced from data in the National Energy Accounts and is essentially consistent with Input-Output Sector definitions from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce.

Data on the availability of propane, middle distillates, and residual fuel oils, covering the role of these petroleum products both as primary and alternate fuels, indicate that the national supply/demand situation is favorable for the 1978--79 winter. Propane inventories, 89.9 million barrels on November 1, plus production and imports should be adequate to satisfy demand even if the 1978--79 winter is as severe as the 1976--77 winter. The inventory level of middle distillate (heating oil) at the beginning of the 1978--79 heating season is reported to be about 19% below that at the start of the 1977--78 heating season and demand for the 1978--79 heating season (based on a normal winter) is anticipated to be about 2.5 to 4% higher than that for the 1977--78 heating season, and up 5% for a colder than normal winter. The inventory level of residual fuel oil at the beginning of the 1978--79 heating season is reported to be about 15% below that at the start of the 1977--78 heating season, and demand for the 1978--79 heating season (based on a normal winter is anticipated to be about 1.5 to 2.5% higher than that for the 1977--1978 heating season and up about 5% for …

The successful operation of any laboratory-scale biological system is often a difficult and frustrating experience. This is especially true when dealing with the anaerobic digestion process. Because of the stringent environmental requirements associated with anaerobic digesters, efficient operation of bench-scale units requires rigid monitoring and control. The purpose of this manual is to present the methods and procedures which are followed in bench-scale anaerobic digestion studies at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL). Among the topics discussed are operating parameters, a description of the experimental system, typical digestion substrates, operational procedures, analytical techniques, and safety considerations. The document serves as a technical guide to PNL personnel assigned to a U.S. Department of Energy sponsored program evaluating the effect of powdered activated carbon on the anaerobic digestio of sewage sludge. It should be noted that the methods described in this manual do not necessarily represent the best or only means of conducting the research. They are merely procedures that have been found to be successful at PNL. It is hoped that this information may be useful to other researchers who are contemplating or pursuing bench-scale studies of their own.

Test results show that the Owens-Illinois Sunpak/sup TM/ Model SEC 601 air-cooled collector meets the national standards and codes as defined in the Subsystem Performance Specification and Verification Plan of NASA/MSFC Contract NAS8-32259, dated October 28, 1976. The architectural and engineering firm of Smith, Hinchman and Grylls, Detroit, Michigan, acted in the capacity of the independent certification agency. The program calls for the development, fabrication, qualification and delivery of an air-liquid solar collector for solar heating, combined heating and cooling, and/or hot water systems.

The Energy Storage and Conversion Division reports summary activities in the following: electrolysis-based hydrogen energy storage systems; an electrochemically regenerative hydrogen--halogen energy storage system; fuel cells (materials and electrolysis); high temperature water electrolysis; hydrogen energy storage systems for automobile propulsion; program planning for research related to energy conservation; New York Energy Office oil retrofit pilot program; burner-boiler/furnace testing; and proposed programs. The Engineering Division reports on solar-assisted heat pump systems; solar cooling subsystems and systems; solar demonstration project in Northeast U.S.; hardware simulators for tests of solar cooling/heating systems; fossil-energy programs; catalytic process for conversion of synthesis gas to methanol; coal-fired heater; coal/oil mixture combustion; rotating fluidized bed containing limestone for removal of sulfur from hot gases; improved oil and gas burners; residue and waste fuels; and proposed programs. The Conservation Program Management Group reports on conservation program management; space conditioning, diagnostics, and controls technology for conservation in buildings; and energy conservation in residential buildings. Funding for 1978 and 1979 for each program is indicated. (MCW)

Differential cross sections I (THETA) at several collision energies measured in crossed molecular beam experiments are reported for several combinations of halogen atoms (/sup 2/P) scattered off rare gas-rare gas atoms (/sup 1/S/sub 0/), namely, F + Ne, F + Ar, F + Kr, F + Xe, C1 + Xe. The scattering is described by an elastic model appropriate to Hund's case c coupling. With the use of this model, the X 1/2, I 3/2, and II 1/2 interaction potential energy curves are derived by fitting calculated differential cross sections, based on analytic representations of the potentials, to the data. The F - Xe X 1/2 potential shows a significant bonding qualitatively different than for the other F-rare gases. The I 3/2 and II 1/2 potentials closely resemble the van der Waals interactions of the one electron richer ground state rare gas-rare gas systems. Coupled-channel scattering calculations are carried out for F + Ar, F + Xe, and C1 + Xe using the realistic potential curves derived earlier. The results justify the use of the elastic model, and give additional information on intramultiplet and intermultiplet transitions. The transitions are found to be governed by the crossing of the two ..cap …

Progress is reported for a program whose goals are to demonstrate an experimental Upgraded gas turbine-powered automobile which meets the 1978 Federal Emissions Standards, has significantly improved fuel economy, and is competitive in performance, reliability, and potential manufacturing cost with the conventional piston engine-powered, compact-size American automobile. This is the concluding progress report for this program; it covers the period from May 1, 1978 to January 31, 1979. The next formal report will be the final report, which is currently in process. Activity during this reporting period has continued to emphasize development towards correcting a power deficiency in the Upgraded Engine. Efforts are also being directed towards reducing fuel usage through improved heat recovery and towards improving the mechanical reliability and control of the engine.

After a brief review of the origin of the radiation according to the standard model, the status of present measurements of the spectrum and the large-scale isotropy is discussed. Finally, it is indicated what are the prospects for improved measurements in the next decade. 17 references. (JFP)

Results of steady-state (EBR-II) irradiation testing, off-normal irradiation design and testing, fuel-cladding compatibility, and chemical stability of uranium--plutonium carbide and nitride fuels are presented.

This report presents an inventory of energy-related training programs being offered within United States Educational Institutions that might meet the training needs of less developed countries. Training programs in the energy area include the areas of energy resources, energy planning and analysis, the development and utilization of different energy technologies including renewable sources, and engineering.

An ultrasonic shear wave reflection profiling system for use in the detection of water-filled cracks occurring within a crystalline rock mass is being tested in a laboratory environment. Experiments were performed on an irregular tensile crack induced approximately 0.5 m below one circular face of a 1.0-m-dia, 1.8-m-long granite cylinder. Good reflection data were obtained from this irregular crack with the crack either air filled or water filled. Data were collected that suggest a frequency-dependent S/sub H/ wave reflection coefficient for a granite-water interface. Waves that propagate along the free surface of a rock mass (surface waves) can severely hinder the detection of reflected events. Two methods of reducing this surface wave noise were investigated. The first technique uses physical obstructions (such as a slit trench) to scatter the surface waves. The second technique uses a linear array of receivers located on the free surface to cancel waves that are propagating parallel to the array (e.g., surface waves), thus enhancing waves with propagation vectors orthogonal to the linear array (e.g., reflected events). Deconvolution processing was found to be another method useful in surface wave cancellation.

The design of duplex ferrite-martensite (DFM) steels with carbide forming elements were investigated. The alloys Fe/0.14 C/1.45 Si/X (X being the substitutional alloying element of Mos or Nb) were selected. The DFM microstructures are controlled by the type of alloy element and the subsequent thermal treatment. The tensile properties of specimens subjected to either the intermediate quench (IQ) or the intermediate air cool (IAC) heat treatments have been correlated with their respective microstructures. Dispersion hardening as a secondary strengthening mechanism is found to limit the ductility and increasing the strength due to carbide precipitation in the ferrite. Unusual behavior in the strength-law of mixtures relationship is observed. The differences in properties displayed by the alloys between the IG and IAC thermal treatments are primarily attributed to the connectivity of the martnesite particles. The IQ treatment provided strength and elongation ductility (i.e., total or uniform elongation to deformation) combinations which are superior to those of the IAC process. Specifically, the niobium steel displayed the best mechanical properties.