The secondary excitation function for production of cyclobutane-t from the hot hydrogen replacement reaction with cyclobutane was estimated and reported. Using a stepladder model the average stepsizes for cascade deactivation by several bath gases have been determined. Further progress on the interpretation of the dynamics which follow hot chlorine replacement reactions in small ring compounds has also been made. A new silylation reaction with sulfur dixoide was discovered. The process involves the direct attack of hexamethyldisilazane on sulfur dioxide leading eventually to 1,1,1-Trimethyl-N-sulfinyl silanamine.

Work on the design of an acid electrolyte fuel cell total energy system for an apartment complex is reported. Fuel cell stack testing, the methane conditioner study, and management and documentation are described. (WHK)

Linear discriminant analysis is a commonly used statistical tool for classification of surface features using satellite surface reflectance data. Extensions of this basic tool promise substantial improvements. In particular, the added effectiveness of integration of spatial autocorrelation into the discriminant model, resolution of nonhomogeneous pixels, and data based prior probability estimates of class membership, and the use of unclassified pixels as part of the discriminant function training set are examined.

Exploration drilling operations were conducted which included the deepening of an existing hole, designated as Old Maid Flat No. 1, from 1850 ft (564 m) to 4002 (1220 m) on the western approaches to Mt. Hood and the drilling of three new holes ranging from 940 ft (287 m) to 1340 ft (409 m). The Clear Fork hole, located in Old Maid Flat, was drilled to 1320 ft (402 m). The Zigzag hole was drilled to 940 ft (287 m) at the southwestern base of Mt. Hood in the Zigzag River valley. The remaining hole was drilled on the Timberline Lodge grounds which is on the south flank of Mt. Hood at an elevation of about 6000 ft (1829 m) above sea level. The deepening project designated as Old Maid Flat No. 1 encountered a maximum bottom hole temperature of about 180/sup 0/F (82/sup 0/C) and is to this date the deepest exploratory hole in the Mt. Hood vicinity. No significant drilling problems were encountered. The Clear Fork and Zigzag River holes were completed without significant problems. The Timberline Lodge hole encountered severe drilling conditions, including unconsolidated formations. Two strings of tools were left in the hole from structural collapse …

The SLAC Electron Trajectory Program is described and instructions and examples for users are given. The program is specifically written to compute trajectories of charged particles in electrostatic and magnetostatic focusing systems including the effects of space charge and self-magnetic fields. Starting options include Child's Law conditions on cathodes of various shapes. Either rectangular or cylindrically symmetric geometry may be used. Magntic fields may be specified using arbitrary configurations of coils, or the output of a magnet program such as Poisson or by an externally calculated array of the axial fields. The program is available in IBM FORTRAN but can be easily converted for use on other brands of hardware. The program is intended to be used with a plotter whose interface the user must provide.

Comparisons were made between predicted and measured thermomechanical displacements and stresses for in situ heating experiments at a depth of 340 m in a granite body at Stripa, Sweden. We found that taking into account the temperature dependence of the thermal expansion coefficient and the mechanical properties of the rock substantially improves the agreement between theory and experiment. In general, the displacements calculated using laboratory values of rock properties agree better with field data than in the case of stresses. This may be due to the difference between in situ and laboratory rock modulus. The significance of temperature-dependent rock properties and strength to thermomechanical failure is also discussed.

The financial barriers faced by the manufacturers of small wind energy conversion systems (SWECS) are assessed and found to be similar to those faced by other start up businesses. However, these problems are found to be aggravated by the high expectations for accelerated SWECS industry growth in the face of moderate government support and lack of investment capital. The underlying conditions of limited SWECS entrepreneur business experience, the highly competitive venture capital market, the inability of existing financial institutions to aid infant busineses and public unawareness of SWECS are reviewed. Specific manufacturer-oriented recommendations and federal, state and regulatory policy-oriented recommendations are made. In addition, the dynamics of the SWECS commercialization process are assessed and the variety of financial institutions playing a role in this process is detailed. Issues related to inflation, tax policy, regulation and federal R and D procurement policies are analyzed.

The development of hafnium-rare earth oxides, with demonstrated potential for MHD hot electrode, continues at a high level. Procedures for fabricating high density ceramic compacts with uniform microstructures at temperatures below 1875K for three compositions have been developed. Bars of these materials are being fabricated for testing in the Westinghouse WESTF facility. Yttrium chromites, which have also shown potential for hot electrodes, are being fabricated into test bars by a commercial supplier. These materials are being prepared for testing in WESTF. The required electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity have been, and are being, measured for these electrode materials. The RFG air preheater refractory, tested in Montana State University's heat exchangers (Core number 1) has been characterized and evaluated. The potential mechanism for corrosive attack by the molten slag have been identified.

The likely impacts of two proposed federal incentives for accelerating the development of geothermal resources for electric power production are evaluated. The incentives are: an additional 20% investment tax credit applicable to both well field capital and power plant capital; and a federal loan for 50% of the cost of exploration and confirmation wells which is entirely forgivable if the wells prove unsuccessful. The evaluations were performed by the use of DOE's geothermal investment decision model (TCN2000), which is presently capable of estimating the probability of progressive levels of development at ten Known Geothermal Resource Areas (KGRA's) in California and Utah.

A new numerical method, the Boundary and Interface Function (BIF) Method, for solving the one-dimensional neutron transport equation is formulated. The method derives its mathematical foundation from a two-sided Laplace transform in the space variable with a Fourier transform in the angular variable. The mathematical solution requires that the scalar flux at the boundaries and interfaces (the boundary and interface functions) satisfy systems of singular integral equations. The theory shows that a rather simple numerical method for the solution of the transport equation is feasible which uses only edge- and interface function approximations and no interior space points in the main program. This drastically reduces the order of the associated matrix problem as well as improving the computational execution time on the computer. A computer code has been implemented and numerical results are presented and compared with a reference solution and solutions obtained by conventional methods for one and two region problems.

This report summarizes the results of a study of tax incentives for residential wood burning equipment. It presents an overview of the major issues affecting inclusion or exclusion of this equipment in the NEA tax credit program. The report was prepared as a quick response task within a six week period. Because of these time constraints, many simplifying assumptions had to be made in order to provide information in accordance with the decisionmaking schedule. The report is not meant to be considered as an exhaustive analysis of any particular issue area. (TFD)

The power supply system for MFTF will consist of twenty-four sets of accel, arc, and filament power supplies. The system will be fed from a common source and split into sets of two for the accel supplies and sets of four for the arc and filament supplies. This paper describes the simulation of this system and the EMTP code that was used. Interactions between power supplies during turn on that are due to common system impedances are studied, and a description of Transient Analysis of Control Systems (TACS) control is presented. The system harmonic content found by EMTP is discussed. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of an accel crowbar simulation.

An extensive experimental study of the degradation of existing forms of defense-related, transuranic-contaminated (TRU) wastes is being conducted by and for Sandia Laboratories. Studies have been performed under environmental conditions expected for deep geologic isolation in the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), a bedded-salt TRU waste repository planned for southeastern New Mexico. A primary purpose of this program has been to support the US Department of Energy in establishing waste acceptance criteria for TRU wastes for isolation in the WIPP. TRU waste forms investigated include cellulosics (paper, rags, wood), plastics, rubbers, mixed organic composite, bitumen, a developmental concrete-TRU ash matrix, mild steel, and inorganic process sludges. This review includes laboratory and field results for waste degradation under a range of conditions, resultant gas generation rates, gas compositions, corrosion rates, and microbial formation and degradation of chelating agents.

A parameter study was conducted to determine the interrelated effects of: loosely or tightly coupled fuel regions separated by internal blanket assemblies, number of fuel regions, core height, number and arrangement of internal blanket subassemblies, number and size of fuel pins in a subassembly, etc. The effects of these parameters on sodium void reactivity, Doppler, incoherence, breeding gain, and thermohydraulics were of prime interest. Trends were established and ground work laid for optimization of a large, radially-heterogeneous, LMFBR core that will have low energetics in an HCDA and will have good thermal and breeding performance.

(Estimates of Indian uranium resources range from 11 to 50% of the US total resources. About 17% of New Mexico's reserves are known to be on Indian lands. New Mexico has produced almost half of the nation's uranium supply; over half of the known reserves are located within the state. However, the state has virtually no jurisdiction over development of Indian uranium. As a result, economic and environmental impacts on the state are beyond its control. The lack of state and federal control over these impacts is influencing how the Indians federal control over these impacts is influencing how the Indians allow development to proceed. The impacts of Indian uranium development also influence state control of non-Indian uranium development also influence state control of non-Indian reserves. To the extent that these controls affect the availability of uranium concentrate, DOE needs to understand the issues involved. This issue paper identifies some of the related problems for both the Indians and the state and explores the reasons behind them.

The Mirror Fusion Test Facility, scheduled for completion in October 1981, will contain a complex, state-of-the-art array of electrical and electronics equipment valued at over 60 M$. Three injector systems will be employed to initiate and sustain the MFTF deuterium plasma. A plasma streaming system and a startup neutron beam system will be used to establish a target plasma. A sustaining neutral beam system will be used to fuel and sustain the MFTF plasma for 0.5 s. Additional power supply systems required on MFTF include two magnet power supplies with quench protection circuitry for powering the superconducting YIN/YANG magnet pair and eight 10 KHz power supplies for powering the Ti gettering system. Due to the complexity, physical size, and multiple systems of MFTF, a distributed, hierarchial, computer control and instrumentation system will be used. Color graphic, touch-panel, control consoles will provide the man-machine interface. The MFTF will have the capability of conducting an experiment every five minutes.

The Presbyterian Intercommunity Hospital located in Klamath Falls, Oregon utilizes geothermal fluid pumped from its own well to provide space heat and domestic hot water. During an inspection of the heating system after a chemical cleaning of the heat exchangers, the circulating pump was dismantled to replace its seals which were found to be leaking. At that time, the impeller was found to contain many cracks. The analysis of those cracks and a scale sample removed from the impeller is presented. (MHR)

The recrystallization behavior during annealing of thin films of amorphous (..cap alpha..) silicon, in contact with a single crystal silicon substrate (referred to as C), has been studied in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The amorphous film is created during high dose phosphorus ion implantation at 100 keV. It was found that the crystal substrate orientation and the implantation temperature have dramatic effects on the recrystallizaton rate, and the defect microstructure produced during annealing. Specifically, (100) wafers implanted at 77/sup 0/K contain only a low density of dislocation loops, but when the same wafer is implanted at room temperature the dislocation density is increased drastically. (111) wafers, when implanted at 77/sup 0/K show a high density of microtwins, but as the implantation temperature is increased a gradual increase in the density of dislocation loops is observed along with a reduction of the microtwins. At an implantation temperature of about 100/sup 0/C both orientations give an identical defect microstructure when annealed, which is a dense tangle of dislocations.

Preliminary concepts of materials accountability are presented for an internationally safeguarded nuclear-waste geologic repository. A hypothetical reference repository that receives nuclear waste for emplacement in a geologic medium serves to illustrate specific safeguards concepts. Nuclear wastes received at the reference repository derive from prior fuel-cycle operations. Alternative safeguards techniques ranging from item accounting to nondestructive assay and waste characteristics that affect the necessary level of safeguards are examined. Downgrading of safeguards prior to shipment to the repository is recommended whenever possible. The point in the waste cycle where international safeguards may be terminate depends on the fissile content, feasibility of separation, and practicable recoverability of the waste: termination may not be possible if spent fuels are declared as waste.

The Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF) at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) is currently the largest mirror fusion research project in the world. Its Control and Diagnostics System is handled by a distributed computer network consisting of nine Interdata minicomputer systems and about 65 microprocessors. One of the design requirements is tolerance of single-point failure. If one of the computer systems becomes inoperative, the experiment can still be carried out, although the system responsiveness to operator command may be degraded. In a normal experiment cycle, the researcher can examine the result of the previous experiment, change any control parameter, fire a shot, collect four million bytes of diagnostics data, perform intershot analysis, and have the result presented - all within five minutes. The software approach adopted for the Supervisory Control and Diagnostics System features chief programmer teams and structured programming. Pascal is the standard programming language in this project.

Combining the modern and proven power conversion system of the closed-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) with an advanced high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) results in a power plant well suited to projected utility needs into the 21st century. The gas turbine HTGR (HTGR-GT) power plant benefits are consistent with national energy goals, and the high power conversion efficiency potential satisfies increasingly important resource conservation demands. Established technology bases for the HTGR-GT are outlined, together with the extensive design and development program necessary to commercialize the nuclear CCGT plant for utility service in the 1990s. This paper outlines the most recent design studies by General Atomic for a dry-cooled commercial plant of 800 to 1200 MW(e) power, based on both non-intercooled and intercooled cycles, and discusses various primary system aspects. Details are given of the reactor turbine system (RTS) and on integrating the major power conversion components in the prestressed concrete reactor vessel.

The purpose of the work is to develop a new type of solar thermal receiver that utilizes a dispersion of very small particles suspended in a gas to absorb the radiant energy from concentrated sunlight. The Small Particle Heat Exchange Receiver (SPHER) operates by injecting a very small mass of fine, light-absorbing particles into the gas stream. The gas-particle mixture then enters a transparent heating chamber into which the concentrated solar flux is directed. The particles absorb the radiation and because of their very large surface area, quickly transfer the heat to the surrounding gas. The gas-particle mixture continues to heat until the particles oxidize or vaporize. The gas may be heated to medium or high temperatures as suitable for a variety of industrial process heat or thermal power requirements. In particular it can be used as a high efficiency receiver to supply hot air or gas to operate a chemical or fuel production process. Research progress is summarized. (WHK)

The federal actions are documented that were performed to ensure environmental protection during the leasing, exploration, development and utilization of geothermal resources on those public lands of The Geysers KGRA in California associated with the proposed Northern California Power Agency (NCPA) Geothermal Project No. 2. Approval for development of these geothermal resources on public lands in The Geysers KGRA was preceded by extensive environmental analyses conducted over the past decade by the US Department of Interior, and its agencies. These analyses include the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Geothermal Leasing Program, an Environmental Analysis Record for the selected lease areas in The Geysers KGRA, and site specific Environmental Assessments. All of these documents were prepared to comply with policies, purposes, and goals of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 and pertinent state and local environmental protection standards. In addition, these documents contain the environmental protection stipulations which must be agreed to by Shell Oil Company (the geothermal steam provider) and NCPA (the electric power plant builder operator) before development and utilization can begin.

A review of solar radiation measurement of instruments and some types of errors is given; and procedures for calibrating solar radiation measuring instruments are detailed. An appendix contains a description of various agencies who perform calibration of solar instruments and a description of the methods they used at the time this report was prepared. (WHK)