From surface effects in controlled thermonuclear fusion devices and reactors meeting; Argonne, Illinois, USA (10 Jan 1974). A brief description of a tokamak is given and some related impurity problems are discudsed. The role of neutral particles and their influence on present and future experiments involving larger machines is described. Some experimental and theoretical data are shown. (MOW)

A sample of ~70,000 fitted events of the reaction pi /sup -/p yields pi /sup -/ i/sup -/ pi /sup +/p at 25 and 40 GeV/c was obtained with the CERN-WEP Boson Spectrometer at the Serpukhov Accelerator. A partial-wave analysis shows that: A/sub 1/ and A/sup 3/ cannot be described by a Breit--Wigner amplitude; the A/sub 2/ can be well described by a Breit--Wigner amplitude; although A/sup 1/, A/ sup 3/, and A/sup 2/ have different properties, the e nergy dependence of their production cross section is similar. (auth)

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In Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, it was found that additives segregated to grain boundaries. The role of additives on the densification of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and MgO was measured. Segregation of S in Ni, P in W, and Bi in Cu was measured. Work continued on the effect of third element additions for controlling deterioration of properties and on intergranular corrosion in stainless steels. (DLC)

From joint meeting of the American Nuclear Society and the Atomic Industrial Forum and Nuclear Energy Exhibition; San Francisco, California, USA (11 Nov 1973). Thermodynamic calculations were made on the distribution of hydrogen and tritium between various refractory metals and liquid lithium as a function of temperature. The limiting tritium pressures that can be attained by cold trapping of secondary liquid metals such as Na, K, and NaK were calculated. In the absence of tritium breeding, these pressures are 2.5 x 10/sup -5/, 2 x 10/ sup -7/ and 1.2 x 10/sup -10/o torr for Na, K, and NaK, respectively, and these correspond to tritium concentrations in lithium of 45, 4, and <1 ppM, respectively, at 700 deg C. For a thermonuclear reactor of 1000 MW(t) thermal power with a tritium breeding rate of 150 g/day, a tritium recovery system that incorporates a separate lithium purification loop with niobium as the permeable membrane, NaK as the secondary heat transport fluid and with tungsten cladding on the IHX tubes seems to yield tritium pressures of ~10/sup -9/ torr or less in the secondary system. This leads to tritium release rate of ~10/sup -6/g/ hr to the steam system for a steam …

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An 8 deg bending magnet system for 30 GeV primary protons from the Brookhaven AGS is to be installed in the summer of 1973. This bend requires operating two magnet modules, each 6-ft. long, at an excitation up to 37kG. The cold bore I. D. is 3,375-in. A 20-in. long full-scale cross section model has been extensively tested. Multipole field components due to the magnet circuit, produce field error approx equal = 1 x 10/sup -4/ parts below 20kG out to the measurement radius at 82% of the radius to the superconductor. The good field'' (~ 1 x 10/sup -4/ parts) shrinks to a radius ~50% of the radius to the superconductor by 40kG. Diamagnetic effects in the superconductor are completely negligible by 5kO, with the exception of the (r/sup 4/, 50) multipole. This contributes 6.5 x 10/sup -6/ parts to the field at 82% of radius. End effects are sufficiently small that for 6-ft. long magnets little or no modifications of end contours are required for even very exacting applications. The magnet has operated to 45kG with no evidence of significant straining. The magnet has been thermally cycled several times, and the field aberrations allowed by magnet design symmetries …

The nuclear resonances of five shells of Cu atoms that are near neighbors to single Fe atoms in dilute alloys of CuFe were observed. The resonance positions show that the conduction-electron spin polarization oscillates with distance from the Fe impurity. Four of the resonances from 300 deg K to well below the 29 deg K Kondo temperature were followed finding that, for all four, the spin density has the same temperature dependence as the magnetic susceptibility. These data show that, contrary to some speculation, there is no drastic change in the spatial polarization associated with the Kondo condensation.'' (auth)

From symposium on technology of controlled thermonuclear fusion experiments and the engineering aspects of fusion reactors; Austin, Texas, USA (20 Nov 1973). A program is presently under way at Los Alamos to determine how superconducting magnetic energy storage in conjunction with normal-going superconducting switches can be made to deliver the energies of the order of 200 MJ that will be needed for plasma compression in a pulsed THETA -pinch scientific feasibility experiment. After a review of the circuit configurations, the properties of commercially available and of some developmental superconductors relevant to both the energy storage coil and to the switch are discussed. Critical current densities at low fields and stability requirements both with respect to rapidity changing external fields and to self fields are of particular importance in determining optimum operating fields and temperatures. The trade-off between eddy current losses in the stabilizing material and the need for coil protection if a coil normalcy should occur is described. Problems in potting or other forms of mechanical stabilization for both superconducting elements are pointed out. The experimental phenomenon of an only partially normalized superconducting switch is described as are the conditions for attaining fully normal resistance. A number of cryogenic engineering …

From joint meeting of the American Nuclear Society and the Atomic Industrial Forurm and Nuclear Energy Exhibition; San Francisco, California, USA (11 Nov 1973). The use of passive Ge(Li) gamma-ray waste/scrap assay systems for material accountability at Rocky Flats is briefly discussed. (WHK)

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Several fish species were collected in SE Washington, acclimated to 2O deg C and 100 to 150% gas supersaturation, and exposed to high-gas-content waters (100 to 140% supersaturation) at 20 deg C under standard acute bioassay conditions. The flsh were monitored to determine death time and necropsied to determine the cause of death. The species exhibited a differential tolerance to high gas levels with smallmouth bass more tolerant and salmonids less tolerant. Nearly all fish that died during the test exhibited signs of gas bubble disease, ranging from massive heart embolism to mild subepidermal emphysema. These signs were related to exposure time and to gas supersaturation levels. Gas concentrations were monitored by molecular sieve gas chromatography. (auth)

>Thesis. Minor amounts of certain elements were found to aid in densification of sintered Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (MgO, NiO, and Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ additives) an d hotpressed MgO (LiF and NaF additives). (DLC)

Mercuric iodide single crystals have been grown by static and dynamic sublimation methods. Characteristics of contacts and detector capacitance have been studied by photon excitation methods. Gamma and x-ray spectrometry has been carried out with completed detectors showing resolutions comparable to the best results published to date. A measurement of hole trapping length has been made from the spectral shapes observed and has been found to be approximately 0.3 mm. Transient waveform analysis with alpha-particle excitation shows hole mobilities of approximately 3 cm/sup 2//V-sec for a highly purified crystal and 0.05 for an expected less pure crystal. Electron mobilities of 120 cm/sup 2// Vsec are observed. An attempt is made to explain the observed tansient waveforms in terms of a single dominant trap model, With only partial success. Due to the strongly excitonic character of the material, it is proposed that the unfamiliar observations made regarding transport properties with the HgI/sub 2/ detectors studied may be due to exciton dissociation under high electric fields, to long exciton lifetimes and to interactions between excitons and trapping centers in the material. (auth)

The unfolding of molecular beam scattering data to yield cross sections, the interpretation of the amplitudes of the glory oscillations in the velocity dependence of the total cross section and the construction of a simple molecular beam apparatus for student experiments on reactive scattering are described in publications. Inelastic scattering of CsCl and CsI by Ar and Xe are studied over a range of relative kinetic energy of 1 to 2 kcal mole/sup -1/ at several laboratory angles. The inelastic cross sections are a substantial fraction of the elastic cross sections at large angles. Beams of halogen containing molecules produce negative ions when they hit surfaces of Nb and LaB/sub 6/. On the latter the efficiency of formation of negative ions can be as great as 0.1 for iodides and still larger for bromides. Experiments have shown that a beam of CH/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/ molecules can be accelerated without significant attenuation by interaction with a beam of electrons. The increase in velocity was up to 20%. Attempts to study the elastic cross sections for the scattering of halogen atoms by the rare gases and the reactive cross sections for the scattering of molecules with internal excitation are continuing. A list …

It is shown that the average multiplicity exhibits a rapid rise as a function of t (the momentum transfer between the initial and leading particle) in multicomponent models in marked contrast to multiperipheral models where a slow decrease is predicted. (auth)

The major research effort was on iron. The recovery of the electron irradiation effect was studied in pure iron and iron-carbon alloys. This investigation resulted in several new findings in addition to the confirmation of two assumptions used in the interpretation of the mechanical effects of electron irradiation on high-purity iron single crystals. The irradiation softening effect was studied in single crystals oriented for the (011) slip and polycrystalline specimens. Then, a striking orientation effect was discovered and a large irradiation softening was found in single crystal specimens oriented for the hard (121) slip. In this oriertation, more than 60% of the yield stress is reduced by electron irradiation; thereby, the hardest oriertation becomes the softest orientation following electron irradiation. The solution softening and hardening effects of carbon atoms were investigated using highpurity iron single crystills similar to those used in the irradiationsoftening study. The general behavior of the softening and hardening was in good agreement with a proposed theory based on the irradiation- softening experiments. (auth)

From U. S. nuclear data committee meeting; Argonne, Illinois, USA (28 Nov 1973). This laboratory report was contributed to the U. S. Nuclear Data Committee Meeting of November 28--29, 1973, at Argonne National Laboratory. It contains papers on standards; neutron data applications; basic physics; nuclear data for materials analysis, safeguards, and environmental matters; and controlled thermonuclear research. The papers range in length from several pages to abstract size. Those with significant amounts of data are separately title listed. (RWR)

A compact explosively-driven, metal-to-metal contact, solid dielectric switch was developed for use as a low-resistance, <10- mu OMEGA , low- inductance, < 10-nH, crowbar switch. A l00-milligram high-explosive charge is used to extrude a 0.090-in. plate through 0.040-in. polyethylene and achieve a hard current contact with a 0.625-in.-diameter die plate. The closure time, from the signal, which initiates the charge, to beginning of current rise in the switch, is 11.0 mu sec plus or minus 0.3 mu sec. In crowbar application the switch has carried 180 to 330 kA, which decays with a 1/e time of approximately 1.2 msec. (auth)

A novel close-spaced Fabry-Perot interferometer has been developed that contains the fluid under study between the mirrors. The interferometer-cell has been used to make the first successful measurement of the anomalous refractive index of a binary fluid mixture near its consolute critical point. The cell has also been used to determine the coexistence curve for a binary mixture and the associated critical index BETA . Intensity autocorrelation spectroscopy of laser light scattered from Brownian particles suspended in a binary mixture has been used to study the effective shear viscosity of the fluid near its critical point. A theory has been developed that includes a momentum-dependent shear viscosity and takes into account effects due to surface interactions between the particles and the fluid. This theory explains the observations and is consistent with the results of earlier tracer-diffusion measurements in a critical mixture. (auth)

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