An architecture for on-wafer processing is proposed for central silicon-strip tracker systems as they are currently designed for high energy physics experiments at the SSC, and for heavy ion experiments at RHIC. The data compression achievable with on-wafer processing would make it possible to transmit all data generated to the outside of the detector system. A set of data which completely describes the state of the wafer for low occupancy events and which contains important statistical information for more complex events can be transmitted immediately. This information could be used in early trigger decisions. Additional data packages which complete the description of the state of the wafer vary in size and are sent through a second channel. By buffering this channel the required bandwidth can be kept far below the peak data rates which occur in rate but interesting events. 18 refs.

This report discusses the following topics: negative hydrogen ions doubly-excited state properties; spectra of heavy open-shell atoms; atomic hydrogen in a strong magnetic field. (LSP)

This investigation is concerned with the separation of gas mixtures using a novel concept of rapid pressure swing absorption (RAPSAB) of gas in a stationary absorbent liquid through gas-liquid interfaces immobilized in the pore mouths of hydrophobic microporous membranes. The process is implemented in a module well-packed with hydrophobic microporous hollow fiber membranes. The specific objectives are (1) to fiber membranes. The specific objectives are (1) to develop a theoretical model which will provide guidelines for selecting an efficient RAPSAB process cycle which includes desorption; (2) to demonstrate the concept experimentally with a simple gas mixture (e.g., Co{sub 2}-N{sub 2}) and a simple absorbent liquid such as water, and (3) to extend the concept to reactive absorbent liquids for the separation of CO, Co{sub 2} from the post-shift reactor synthesis gas. A simplified theoretical description of the novel rapid pressure swing absorption process has been developed. The absorption part of the pressure swing absorption cycle has been predicted for CO{sub 2}-N{sub 2}-water system. Numerical simulation of the model is being carried out for different operating conditions for selecting an optimum pressure swing cycle.

The multiple scattering theory (MST) method of Korringa, and of Kohn and Rostoker for determining the electronic structure of solids, originally developed in connection with potentials bounded by non-overlapping spheres (muffin-tin (MT) potentials), is generalized to the case of space-filling potential cells of arbitrary shape through the use of a variational formalism. This generalized version of MST retains the separability of structure and potential characteristic of the application of MST to MT potentials. However, in contrast to the MT case, different forms of MST exhibit different convergence rates for the energy and the wave function. Numerical results are presented which illustrate the differing convergence rates of the variational and nonvariational forms of MST for space-filling potentials.

Lithium aluminate is an attractive material (in terms of its chemical, mechanical and irradiation properties) for breeding tritium in fusion reactors; however, its tritium release characteristics are not as good as those of other candidate materials. To investigate whether tritium release from lithium aluminate can be improved, we have studied the tritium release from irradiated samples of pure lithium aluminate, lithium aluminate doped with Mg, and lithium aluminate with a surface deposit of platinum. The release was studied by the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) method. Both the platinum coating and magnesium doping were found to improve the tritium release characteristics, as determined by TPD. Tritium release shifted to states with lower activation energies for the altered materials.

The primary objective of this work is the development of a comprehensive numerical model describing the time evolution of fouling under realistic heat exchanger conditions. As fouling is a complex interaction of gas flow, mineral transport and adhesion mechanisms, understanding and subsequently improved controlling of fouling achieved via appropriate manipulation of the various coupled, nonlinear processes in a complex fluid mechanics environment will undoubtedly help reduce the substantial operating costs incurred by the utilities annually, as well as afford greater flexibility in coal selection and reduce the emission of various pollutants. In a more specialized context, the numerical model to be developed as part of this activity will be used as a tool to address the interaction of the various mechanisms controlling deposit development in specific regimes or correlative relationships. These should prove of direct use to the coal burning industry.

The progress that has been made during this fiscal year is significant in the area of tokamak edge plasma transport. Important contributions on the extension of the drift-rippling mode model ({approximately} {tau}, {approximately}n, {approximately}T, {approximately}{nu}{sub {parallel}}) of edge turbulent transport. In particular, the research areas on which we have concentrated include the following topics: (1) The theoretical investigation of the radiatively enhanced transport due to the effects of impurity driven radiation instabilities has been expanded to include a situation with multiple impurities (such as carbon, C{sup 4+}, and oxygen, O{sup 6+}); (2) In order to validate the use of the impurity radiation input from the tokamak bolometer experiments in our theoretical edge turbulent transport calculations, the analysis that is utilized to transform impurity brightness data to radiated power profiles has been checked for state population and Abel inversion correctness; (3) The drift-rippling model of edge turbulent transport has been extended to include ionization particle sources in addition to the impurity driven thermal instability drive; and (4) The detailed limiter and realistic edge geometric effects on the edge turbulent transport has been included in the drift-rippling model.

This report contains highlights of accomplishments of the past year, for the University of California, Irvine and the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee collaboration on surface excitations, and their interactions with low energy electrons. In addition, we present a summary of future research to be carried out in the coming grant year.

This past year our group participated in both the D0 experiment at Fermilab and the SDC experiment at the SSC. Most of our effort was concentrated on the D0 project, where we contributed as much manpower as possible to the commissioning of the detector in preparation for the coming collider run. Our SDC work consisted of the investigation of one of the candidate technologies for the forward calorimeter. On the D0 experiment, our primary responsibilities have been in the areas of electronics commissioning and in the establishment of triggers for the coming collider run. We have also actively participated in the physics studies and have contributed to the upgrade effort as much as time has permitted. Our group has also participated in the cosmic ray run and in the D0 test beam. In view of our contributions, James White was selected as a member of the D0 Trigger board, and Jay Wightman is being trained as one of the ``global experts`` who are responsible for keeping the detector operational during the run. In addition, Amber Boehnlein has played a major role in the Level-2 trigger commissioning. A more detailed description of these activities is given in this paper.

The magnetic properties of EuAs{sub 3} have been investigated by X-ray magnetic scattering with synchrotron radiation. No magnetic scattering could be detected in EuAs{sub 3} when the energy of X-rays was far away from the L absorption edges. Strong enhancement of magnetic intensities have been observed at the L{sub II} and L{sub III} absorption edges whereas no magnetic intensities could be detected at the L{sub I} absorption edge. The resonance enhancement at the L{sub III} absorption edge is stronger by a factor of about three compared to that the L{sub II} absorption edge. The magnetic properties of EuAs{sub 3} determined previously by neutron scattering could be reproduced by resonance X-ray scattering.

The 1990--1991 heating season was the first time in Maine that the Home Heating Fuels Survey was conducted for the United States Department of Energy by the Maine State Planning Office. This season also marked the first time that dealers were surveyed for a price for propane. Under a late agreement, the State of Maine was picked up by the regional survey of the Energy Information Agency in the beginning of October. This accounted for the weekly survey of the traditional participants in the State`s Home Heating Fuels Price Survey being supplemented by biweekly DOE surveys of separate survey samples of oil and propane dealers. The SPO sample identifies 36 dealers in the State of Maine, while the DOE sample was constructed around 22 oil dealers in Maine and New Hampshire and 29 propane dealers in Maine.

The tunability and the polarization of synchrotron radiation open upon new possibilities for the study of magnetism. Studies on magnetic materials performed at the National Synchrotron Light Source are reviewed, and thy fall into four areas: structure, evolution of magnetic order, separation of L and S, and resonance effects. In the vicinity of atomic absorption edges, the Faraday effect, magnetic circular dichroism, and resonant magnetic scattering are all related resonance effects which measure the spin polarized density of states. The production and analysis of polarized beams are discussed in the context of the study of magnetism with synchrotron radiation.

This report discusses research on: the L3, z neutral boson experiment; the L3 detector; and the development of a SSC detector. (LSP).

The last year`s work has focused on several aspects of the fundamental chemistry and physics semiconductor/liquid junction behavior. These projects have been directed primarily towards GaAs/liquid contacts, because GaAs/liquid systems provide high energy conversion efficiencies and offer an opportunity to gain mechanistic understanding of the factors that are important to control in an efficient photoelectrochemical energy conversion system.

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The objective of this research is to develop and apply novel single microparticle techniques to perform simultaneously thermogravimetric analysis and Raman/fluorescence spectroscopies on microparticles of coal (macerals) and sorbents (CaO) used for coal desulfurization. The combination electrodynamic balance/spectrometer system is being used to chemically characterize macerals from different ranks of coal and to explore the chemistry and chemical reaction rates associated with processes involving such microparticles. Rate processes will be examined at elevated temperatures by heating the particles electromagnetically, and significant part of the research involves the design, construction and utilization of a microparticle heating system.

As a standard industrial practice all commercially cleaned coals are evaluated by washability analysis to predict their cleaning potential. The results of this analysis are so important that coal washability is a major factor in deciding to purchase and develop coal holdings. However, washability analysis are at present limited to coal particle sizes of greater than {minus}28 mesh (0.6 mm). Coal particles smaller than this limit do separate well in the standard sink-float process used in the washability tests. The increasing demand for cleaner coals requires that coals be crushed to fine ({minus}100 mesh - 0.15 mm) and ultrafine ({minus}325 mesh - 0.045 mm) sizes to liberate more of the fine-grained mineral matter including pyrite. However, such small coal particles can not be analyzed in the standard washability analysis. The purpose of this study is to develop a washability analysis system for fine and ultrafine coal particles using Density Gradient Centrifugation (DGC) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) techniques. The unique advantages of this proposed technique is that is provides a means to obtain usable washability curves on fine and ultrafine coal samples. The DGC technique will produce a large number of density fractions in a single run and, thus, is …

Factorial cumulant moments are used to analyze pseudorapidity fluctuations in A-A interactions. Only the second cumulant moments are significantly non-zero for central event samples, which implies that the higher order scaled factorial moments for the central data provide little information in addition to that from the second moments. The slopes of the cumulant plots are found to be inversely proportional to {eta} density for a variety of beam/target/energy combinations. We also present results on 2-D scaled factorial moments and the 2-particle correlations for central S+Au interactions.

This paper reviews the literature on rare earth(III) and actinide(III) hydroxide thermodynamics, in particular the determination of their enthalpies of formation at 25{degree}C. The hydroxide unit-cell volumes, lanthanide/actinide ion sizes, and solid-solution stability trends have been correlated with a generalized acid-base strength model for oxides to estimate properties for heterogeneous equilibria that are relevant to nuclear waste modeling and to characterization of potential actinide environmental interactions. Enthalpies of formation and solubility-product constants of actinide(III) hydroxides are estimated.

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The overall objectives for this one-year project are: (1) to demonstrate that new fuels derived from Illinois high sulfur coal, namely (a) coal-sorbent pellets and (b) coal-water slurry produced from froth flotation feed can be effectively utilized in a circulating fluidized bed combustor, (2) to compare the carbon conversion efficiencies, SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} emission levels and Ca/S ratios needed to meet EPA regulations from the above fuels with those measured under similar operating conditions with a standard IBCSP coal, and (3) to analyze ash and spent limestone residues with a view to proposing waste disposal strategies for the combustion residues resulting from these new fuel forms.

This is a progress report on the study of silicon drift-chambers at Brookhaven RHIC.

Previous research has shown that addition of lignin-derived liquids to coal stirred in tetralin under mild reaction conditions (375{degree}C and 300--500 psig) results in a marked enhancement in the rate of coal depolymerization. A mathematical model was developed to study the kinetics of coal depolymerization in the presence of liquid-derived liquids. In the present study, a reaction pathway was formulated to explain the enhancement in coal depolymerization due to lignin (solid) addition. The model postulated assumes that the products of lignin obtained during thermolysis interact with the reactive moieties present in coal while simultaneous depolymerization of coal occurs. A good fit between the experimental data and the kinetic model was found. The results show that in addition to the enhancement in the rate of coal depolymerization, lignin also reacts (and enhances the extent of depolymerization of coal) with those reaction sites in coal that are not susceptible to depolymerization when coal alone is reacted in tetralin under identical reaction conditions. Additional work is being carried out to determine a thorough materials balance on the lignin-assisted coal depolymerization process. A number of liquid samples have been obtained which are being studied for their stability in various environments. 5 refs., 4 figs., …

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