Under the subject contract, Unidynamics/Phoenix recorded the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectra of 50 samples supplied by LANL. A Varian Cary 2300 series spectrophotometer produced the spectral data. The spectrophotometer was interfaced to a Varian D5-15 Data Station, and hard copies of data were made. Baseline corrections throughout the wavelength range were established using Halon as a reference material. Corrected measurements were automatically made by the system on every sample. Two types of sample holders were tried. Before collecting data on the LANL samples, identical samples of PETN were examined using both holders.

Maywood Industries is presently utilizing 118/sup 0/F water pumped from a geothermal well about 1500 feet deep. The Klamath County Road complex presently heats about 13,000 square feet of space using electric and natural gas heaters. It is planned to increase the total heated area to nearly 24,000 square feet. This study is based on eliminating the existing electrical and natural gas heaters and heating the entire 24,000 square feet geothermally. It was found to be practical and economically feasible to heat the road department shop complex geothermally. Capital cost is estimated to be $170,000. Annual energy savings for the enlarged facility would be 56,720 KWH of electricity and 36,924 therms of natural gas, with a first year value of $18,175. This savings, less operating costs, when applied with escalation considerations over a period of twenty years, result in a present worth of $382,385 when discounted at 8%. Thus, with 8% bonds financing of this project is economically attractive. (MHR)

Results from the pre-feasibility study of a geothermal district heating system for greater Reno and the pre-feasibility study of providing geothermal heat to casinos/hotels located in downtown Reno by connection to the proposed district heating system (DHS) are combined. Geothermal sources were selected from published data. Potential users were selected from aerial and city planning maps, and published building and demographic information. Energy consumption data from the electric and gas utility was matched with consumption information from surveys of representative buildings by category and climatic data. As an example, a written survey was mailed to the casino/hotels and two on-site visits were made. Retrofit methodology and cost were examined for the casino/hotels and representative buildings. Based on the pre-feasibility studies, a geothermal district heating system for Reno appears technically and economically feasible. Furthermore, additional economic savings are achieved when the Reno casinos/hotels are connected to the DHS. Steamboat Hot Springs and a geothermal area east of downtown are the most promising geothermal sources for the DHS. The City of Reno has a large yearly heat load with an average heating degree days per year of 6022/sup 0/F days and a heating season greater than eight months.

Blue Mountain Community College campus consists of five major buildings totalling about 193,000 square feet in area. Four of these buildings are heated using hot water circulating systems, and the fifth by a low pressure steam system. The boilers for each of the systems are natural gas fired. A successful agricultural well was drilled adjacent to the campus, which during a twelve hour test produced 780 gallons per minute of 65/sup 0/F water. It was concluded that heating the campus utilizing a heat pump system is possible using readily available and proven equipment. Annual energy saving in natural gas will amount to 98,400 therms. This is an 82% reduction in the annual usage forecast after implementation of recommendations made as a result of the energy audit. The first year value of the natural gas saved is $49,200. This savings, less operating costs, when applied with escalation consideration over a period of twenty years, indicates that a capital investment of $367,500 can be justified. This assumes the project would be financed with 8% tax-free bonds. A system design was developed, new equipment sized, needed modifications identified, and major items estimated.

The research discussed was performed prior to December 31, 1979. The report was not released until September 30, 1981, so that pressure-enthalpy diagrams for a number of potential geothermal binary cycle working fluids could be prepared in SI units. Efforts were directed principally to working fluid thermophysical property correlation and presentation of properties information. Pressure-enthalpy diagrams are presented for propane, normal butane, isobutane, normal pentane, isopentane and propylene. Generalized correlations are presented for the thermodynamic and transport properties of hydrocarbon pure and mixture working fluids. Specific correlations are presented for the thermodynamic properties of 27 fluids and for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of hydrocarbons including isobutane and isopentane.

Efforts were directed principally to the following tasks: (1) comparisons of mixture and pure fluid cascade cycles, (2) development of guidelines for working fluid selection for single boiler cycles, (3) continued evaluation of mixtures as working fluids, (4) working fluid thermophysical property correlation and presentation of properties information, (5) support to the INEL Conversion Technology Program.

I discuss our current understanding of cosmic string evolution, and focus on the question of small scale structure on strings, where most of the disagreements lie. I present a physical picture designed to put the role of the small scale structure into more intuitive terms. In this picture one can see how the small scale structure can feed back in a major way on the overall scaling solution. I also argue that it is easy for small scale numerical errors to feed back in just such a way. The intuitive discussion presented here may form the basis for an analytic treatment of the small structure, which I argue in any case would be extremely valuable in filling the gaps in our resent understanding of cosmic string evolution. 24 refs., 8 figs.

A separate abstract was prepared for each of the six sections. (MHR)

This report discussed progress made during the second year of a two-year study on the feasibility of using copper or a copper-base alloy as a container material for a waste package in a potential repository in tuff rock at the Yucca Mountain site in Nevada. Corrosion testing in potentially corrosive irradiated environments received emphasis during the feasibility study. Results of experiments to evaluate the effect of a radiation field on the uniform corrosion rate of the copper-base materials in repository-relevant aqueous environments are given as well as results of an electrochemical study of the copper-base materials in normal and concentrated J-13 water. Results of tests on the irradiation of J-13 water and on the subsequent formation of hydrogen peroxide are given. A theoretical study was initiated to predict the long-term corrosion behavior of copper in the repository. Tests were conducted to determine whether copper would adversely affect release rates of radionuclides to the environment because of degradation of the Zircaloy cladding. A manufacturing survey to determine the feasibility of producing copper containers utilizing existing equipment and processes was completed. The cost and availability of copper was also evaluated and predicted to the year 2000. Results of this feasibility assessment are …

This report include: (1) corrected data and new data on cesium sorption by bulk graphite (H-451) with a discussion of anomalies and a comparison of the data; (2) a review of the exponential (Freundlich) isotherm theory and a derivation of the modified-exponential isotherm; (3) a report on a study by the pseudo-isopiestic method of cesium by H-451 graphite powder (size range 44 to 74 ..mu..m) of the type used in the Knudsen cell mass spectrometer method; (4) a comparison of the results on particulate graphite (powder) obtained by the Knudsen cell method and also a comparison of cesium sorption results obtained with the bulk graphite; (5) development of a theory for the kinetics of sorption of a system (cesium and graphite) which shows an exponential (Freundlich) type of sorption; (6) comparison of theoretical with observed kinetics for sorption of cesium by graphite (H-451) powder and a comparison of bulk graphite vs. particulate graphite sorption kinetics; (7) report of a study of the effects of barium on cesium sorption by H-451 graphite at 1000/sup 0/C; and (8) a thermodynamic treatment of mixed sorption and its application to mixed barium-cesium and strontium-cesium sorption by graphite.

Evidence is presented that, in the infinite volume continuum limit, the m(A1/sup + +/) and the m(E/sup + +/) mass are almost degenerate. (A slightly lower A1/sup + +/ mass is preferred.) A1/sup + +/ and E/sup + +/ are irreducible representations of the cubic group and supposed to correspond to spin 0/sup + +/ and 2/sup + +/, respectively.

Beam size requirement for BC2 abs BC1at various operational conditions are calculated. This report is prepared for the magnet group to evaluate the feasibility of redesigning the beam crossing dipoles.

None

The single particle orbit code, TIBRO, has been modified extensively to improve the interpolation methods used and to allow use of vector potential fields in the simulation of charged particle orbits on a 3D domain. A 3D cubic B-spline algorithm is used to generate spline coefficients used in the interpolation. Smooth and accurate field representations are obtained. When vector potential fields are used, the 3D cubic spline interpolation formula analytically generates the magnetic field used to push the particles. This field has del.BETA = 0 to computer roundoff. When magnetic induction is used the interpolation allows del.BETA does not equal 0, which can lead to significant nonphysical results. Presently the code assumes quadrupole symmetry, but this is not an essential feature of the code and could be easily removed for other applications. Many details pertaining to this code are given on microfiche accompanying this report.

The possibility of using channeling as a tool for high energy particle physics has now been extensively investigated. Bent crystals have been used as an accelerator extraction element and for particle deflection. Applications as accelerating devices have been discussed but appear remote. The major advantage in using a bent crystal rather than a magnet is the large deflection that can be achieved in a short length. The major disadvantage is the low transmission. A good understanding of dechanneling is important for applications. 43 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs.