This talk is about how to avoid turning swords into Superfund sites. The problem we address is the potential conflict between the desire to take advantage of the greater international security brought by the end of the Cold War by entering arms control agreements requiring various military weapons to be dismantled, and the desire to avoid further degrading the environment in the process of destroying them. We will use as an illustration of these issues the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which is intended to cause the destruction of all chemical weapons in the world. First, we will provide a brief overview of the CWC, then we will focus in on its environmental provisions, and, finally, we will discuss potential conflicts with United States law and how they might be resolved.

This document is a plan which serves as the contractual agreement between the Characterization Program, Sampling Operations, WHC 222-S Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and PNL 329 Laboratory. The scope of this plan is to provide guidance for the sampling and analysis of vapor samples from tank 241-BY-103.

This analysis examines activities associated with the installation of isolation barriers in the K Basins at the Hanford Reservation. This revision adds evaluation of barrier drops on stored fuel and basin floor, identifies fuel which will be moved and addresses criticality issues with sludge. The safety assessment is made for the activities for the preparation and installation of the discharge chute isolation barriers. The safety assessment includes a hazard assessment and comparisons of potential accidents/events to those addressed by the current safety basis documentation. No significant hazards were identified. An evaluation against the USQ evaluation questions was made and the determination made that the activities do not represent a USQ. Hazard categorization techniques were used to provide a basis for readiness review classifications.

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Gain calculations for inner-shell photo-ionized lasing in C at 45 {angstrom} are performed. An incident x-ray source represented by a 150 eV blackbody with a rise time of 50 fsec gives a gain of order 10 cm{sup {minus}1}. The x-ray source and thus the driving optical laser requirements are significantly reduced as compared to what is needed for Ne at 15 {angstrom}. The authors expect that existing ultra-short pulse lasers can produce the required x-ray source and thus produce a table-top x-ray laser at 45 {angstrom}.

The Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments was created by President Clinton to advise the Human Radiation Interagency Working Group on the ethical and scientific criteria applicable to human radiation experiments carried out or sponsored by the U.S. Government. The Committee seeks to answer several fundamental question: What ethics criteria should be used to evaluate human radiation experiments? What was the Federal Government`s role in human radiation experiments? What are the criteria for determining appropriate Federal responses where wrongs or harms have occurred? What lessons learned from studying past and present research standards and practices should be applied to the future? The Committee has been gathering vast amounts of information and working to render it orderly and accessible. In the next six months, the Committee will continue with the tasks of data gathering and organizing. The focus of the work, however, will be developing criteria for judging historical and contemporary experiments, policies, and procedures, as well as criteria for remedies that may be appropriate where harms or wrongs have ocurred. Based on findings, the Committee will make specific recommendations regarding policies for the future.

The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) poses problems of constitutionality, of loss of confidential business information, and even of plant safety. An entirely new and complex worldwide regulatory regime, it nevertheless takes account of the need for certainty in the conduct of industrial production. In particular, the CWC provides for site-specific inspection protocols, called {open_quotes}facility agreements{close_quotes}. Facility agreements are not defined in the CWC, but are to be developed as part of the preparations preceding formal entry into force. In effect, they can be thought of as {open_quotes}inspection contracts{close_quotes} governing facilities subject to systematic and routine inspections. Facility agreements are not part of challenge inspections or for cases of alleged use of chemical weapons. The most important fact about facility agreements is that they are not negotiated between the facility owner or operator and the OPCW. Rather, they are negotiated between the State Party and the OPCW. Where United States facilities, such as chemical weapons production facilities, are owned by the government or are under government contract this is not a problem because the government can negotiate on its own behalf. However, where privately owned facilities in the United States enter into facility agreements, the input of those private entities into …

The S-Area Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) can process all of the high level radioactive wastes currently stored at the Savannah River Site with negligible risk of nuclear criticality. The characteristics which make the DWPF critically safe are: (1) abundance of neutron absorbers in the waste feeds; (2) and low concentration of fissionable material. This report documents the criticality safety arguments for the S-Area DWPF process as required by DOE orders to characterize and to justify the low potential for criticality. It documents that the nature of the waste feeds and the nature of the DWPF process chemistry preclude criticality.

The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) offers a unique challenge to the United States system of constitutional law. This discussion is about the Fourth and Fifth Amendment issues raised by the CWC and about how federal implementing legislation can allow verification inspections to take place in the United States under the Chemical Weapons Convention while remaining in compliance with the Constitution. By implementing legislation, the author means a federal statute that would be enacted separately from Senate approval of the Convention itself. Although implementing legislation is a relatively unusual accompaniment to a treaty, it will be necessary to the CWC, and the Administration has submitted a bill that was under consideration in the last Congress and presumably will be reintroduced early next year. The Fourth and Fifth Amendment problems posed by the CWC arise from the verification inspection scheme embodied in the treaty. The CWC depends heavily on on-site inspections to verify compliance with its key requirements. These include destroying all chemicals weapons stockpiles and bringing potential chemical weapons precursors under international control. The Convention contains four distinct kinds of inspections: systematic inspections of chemical weapons storage and destruction facilities, routine inspections of various declared facilities, challenge inspections, and a variant …

Photon-atom scattering is important in a variety of applications, but scattering from a composite system depends on the accurate characterization of the scattering from an isolated atom or ion. We have been examining the validity of simpler approximations of elastic scattering in the light of second-order S-matrix theory. Partitioning the many-body amplitude into Rayleigh and Delbrueck components, processes beyond photoionization contribute. Subtracted cross sections for bound-bound atomic transitions, bound pair annihilation, and bound pair production are required in anomalous scattering factors for: (1) convergence of the dispersion integral; (2) agreement with predictions of the more sophisticated S-matrix approach; (3) satisfying the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule. New accurate tabulations of anomalous scattering factors have been prepared for all Z, for energies 0--10,000 keV, within the independent particle approximation (IPA) using a Dirac-Slater model of the atom. Separately, experimental atomic photoabsorption threshold information has been used to modify these IPA predictions for improved comparison with experiment.

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A computer model of a Kearney and Tracker (K and T) Milwaukee Matic 600 (MM600) with a Gemini controller for use under the Deneb Robotics, Inc. simulation environment has been constructed. The simulation uses the K and T controller and standard MM600 machine geometry. Both the machine geometry and the controller are provided. The machine has been constructed using K and T`s standard machine dimensions and setup. The controller simulation addresses the most typically used NC codes, but may not be setup for extremely specialized functions. The machine geometry has been reduced to simulate only those components and surfaces which could possibly interfere or collide with other machine components or the workpiece envelope. The level of detail has been reduced to a functional level to enhance computational performance during simulation. The model may be directly used in the Virtual-NC environment for a complete machining simulator, or the model with kinematics may be used in IGRIP. The geometry is suitable for translation into standard file formats for importation into other systems.

The Parallel Mesh Generation (PMESH) Project is a joint LDRD effort by A Division and Engineering to develop a unique mesh generation system that can construct large calculational meshes (of up to 10{sup 9} elements) on massively parallel computers. Such a capability will remove a critical roadblock to unleashing the power of massively parallel processors (MPPs) for physical analysis. PMESH will support a variety of LLNL 3-D physics codes in the areas of electromagnetics, structural mechanics, thermal analysis, and hydrodynamics.