This paper is the final report for a project to do characterization studies on the KrF laser system. The project did experimental work on KrF lasers in support of modeling studies, with the objective being to see if this technology could be competitive for use in the ICF program. This program has provided LANL with data critical for their model development. Section 2 describes the laser extraction experiments together with the calibration of the diagnostics and the re-examination of the analysis procedure. Section 3 discusses the gain and transient absorption measurements, and Section 4 gives the conclusion for this program.

AMAX Research & Development Center (AMAX R&D) has been investigating methods for enhancing the reactivity and durability of the zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent. Zinc ferrite sorbents are intended for use in desulfurization of hot coal gas in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) or molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) applications. For the present program, the reactivity of the sorbent may be defined as its sulfur sorption capacity at the breakthrough point and at saturation in a bench-scale, fixed-bed reactor. Durability may be defined as the ability of the sorbent to maintain important physical characteristics such As size, strength, and specific surface area during 10 cycles of sulfidation and oxidation.

For a check of the yield estimates expected for the new ACOL target station, calculations have been performed for the CERN parameters using the relatively, simple semi-analytical techniques outlined in pbar note 449. These calculations correspond to operation with a 15 cm long, 1 cm radius lithium lens at 750 T/m gradient, and a 6.5 cm tungsten production target. Comparison with the current calculated yield number for the AA with the present target station configuration (10**7 pbars per 10**13 protons, into dp/p = 1.5%) indicates an increase of a factor of 15 using the normal ACOL parameters (dp/p = 6%, a(transverse acceptance) = 240 pi mm-mrad). As explained in the report, the above lens parameters are not optimized, that is, increases in lens gradient and/or radius will result in an increase in yield, providing the corresponding changes in focal distance, beam line matching, etc. are made.

This report quantifies certain characteristics of the rotary bayonets and associated platform piping on the DO detector. The Vacuum Jacketed 4-inch x 6-inch and 1.5-inch x 3-inch and the 4-inch and 6-inch vacuum pipe articulating jumpers are considered here. The values of greatest importance are the forces required at the bayonet moment arms given in Table II and the stresses summarized in Table III. The forces required should be noted and checked that they are acceptable to the problem. The maximum bending stresses of the vacuum pipes do not exceed 1000 psi and are essentially negligible. The 4-inch x 6-inch vacuum jacketed line experiences the maximum bending stress of 10,300 psi. According to code B31.1, the maximum allowable bending stress is 25,500 psi. The major sources of error in these calculations should be summarized. First, all weights used were approximations and all lengths used were scaled from drawings. Second, while the FRAME MAC{trademark} models resemble the vacuum pipe articulating jumpers, they are definitely simplified. For instance, they do not account for the different stiffnesses of the unions. Finally, the bayonets in the ANSYS models consist of an outer jacket and an inner pipe fixed together at the end of the …

The international workshop brought together 170 participants to further develop the SSC design and performance specifications of the LAr, Gas, Scintillation, Silicon, and Warm Liquid calorimeter technologies, and to develop the general topics of Requirements, Simulation, and Electronics. Progress was made across a broad front in all areas; at the feasibility level for some and In the fine structure for others. The meeting established areas of agreement, provided some general direction, and helped to quantify some differences at widely varying levels of detector technology development. The workshop helped to level the different understandings of the participants; increased the depth of the generalists and the breadth of the specialists. A high degree of group partitioning limited access to the detailed discussion within some detector groups. The communication was clearly necessary and rewarding, and seemed to meet or exceed the expectations of most participants. This report will deal with: the Liquid Argon detector and, to a lesser extent, the Requirements working groups, an update on uranIum material logistics, and a view of LAr calorimetry by others.

The AGS Booster now under construction has three objectives. They are to increase the space charge limit of the AGS by preaccelerating protons from 200 MeV to 1.5 GeV, to increase the intensity of the polarized protons in the AGS by accumulating many linac pulses at 200 MeV, and to preaccelerate heavy ions from the BNL Tandem Van de Graaff before injection into the AGS. Therefore, we have to devise a different injection method for each of these three operations. The proton and polarized proton injection employs charge exchange of negative hydrogen while heavy ions must use multiturn injection into the betatron space. In this note we give a brief description of the heavy ion injection and high intensity proton injection, which are conventional and familiar to the reader, and describe the method of accumulating polarized protons in some detail.

This paper analyzes the effect of transverse loading on a cable-in-conduit conductor which has been proposed for the toroidal field coils of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. The primary components of this conductor are a loose cable of superconducting wires, a thin-wall tube for helium containment, and a U-shaped structural channel. A method is given where the geometry of this conductor can be optimized for a given set of operating conditions. It is shown, using finite-element modeling, that the structural channel is effective in supporting loads due to transverse forces and internal pressure. In addition, it is shown that the superconducting cable is effectively shielded from external transverse loads that might otherwise degrade its current carrying capacity. 10 refs., 10 figs., 3 tabs.

The Vacuum Processes Lab, of LLNL's M.E. Dept. - Material Fabrication Division, was requested to provide 250 coated Parylene target foils for a nuclear physics experiment titled the ROMANO Event. Due to the developmental nature of some of the fabrication procedures, approximately 400 coated foils were produced to satisfy the event's needs. The foils were used in the experiment as subkilovolt x-ray, narrow band pass filters, and wide band ultraviolet filters. This paper is divided into three sections describing: (1) nuclear target foil fabrication, (2) Parylene substrate preparation and production, and (3) foil and substrate inspections.

The restrictions from cosmological considerations on masses and lifetimes of neutral, weakly interacting fermions are reviewed. In particular, the possibility that the massless decay products of a heavy neutrino dominate the energy density of the present universe is discussed in detail. 4 figures.

A number of problems have conspired to prevent full operation of the PDU during the report period. After a review of the situation, it was decided to cease the day-by-day attempts to achieve PDU operation, and to review the situation and make such longer-term repairs or modifications as appeared necessary for increasing the probability of success. As a result, a list of 12 modifications was made and the modifications initiated so that PDU operation can be initiated early in the next quarter. Analysis of the data on the outgassing of zinc from the product of the miniplant was concluded, with the indication that outgassing times of the order of tens of hours would be required at 1100 C. The implications of leaving the zinc in the product, to be evolved in melting prior to ingot or sheet growth, were examined with the conclusion that at the 10-100 ppmw level of zinc in silicon, it may be difficult to detect the zinc evolution in the presence of the normal SiO evolution caused by reaction between the liquid silicon and the fused-quartz crucible.

The Piecewise-Parabolic Method (PPM) has been used to study the nonlinear development of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of a Mach 2 slip surface in both a gamma-law gas and in an isothermal gas. A simplified version of PPM appropriate to this and other problems with only weak shocks is described. The instability calculations demonstrate the usefulness of discontinuity steepening in PPM and they illustrate the complexity in a flow problem which this method can treat accurately on Cray-I-class computers. The simulations also bring to light characteristic combinations of nonlinear waves which arise from finite-amplitude perturbations of the slip surface and which exhibit an approximately self-similar growth. After passing through a fairly chaotic phase of development, the mixing layer generated by the instability achieves a relatively ordered state which does not appear to depend greatly upon the nature of the initial perturbation, but which does depend upon the length scale over which strict periodicity is enforced in the simulation.

Heat leak measurements on magnet strings and transfer line were taken during the latest run of the A1 and A2 satellite refrigerators this past summer. Methods and results are discussed in this report.

The discussion of undulator magnets includes conventional static undulators, gratings as undulators, crystals as undulators, pump wave undulators, magnetic measurements, magnetic fields, trajectories, and matching of an undulator with a storage ring. (GHT)

The Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF) vaccum vessel will be about 60m long and 10m in diameter at the widest point. The allowable operating densities range from 2 x 10/sup 9/ to 5 x 10/sup 10/ particles per cc. The maximum leak rate of 10/sup -6/ tl/sec is dominated during operation by the deliberately injected cold gas of 250 tl/sec. This gas is pumped by over 1000 square meters of cryopanels, external sorbtion pumps and getters. The design and requirements have changed radically over the past several years, and they are still not in final form. The vacuum system design has also changed, but more slowly and less radically. This paper discusses the engineering effort necessary to meet these stringent and changing requirements. Much of the analysis of the internal systems has been carried out using a 3-D Monte Carlo computer code, which can estimate time dependent operational pressures. This code and its use will also be described.

Two Be materials were added to the table of projectile materials. The resulting Y/sup 0/ values varied from 0.0062 to 0.0101. 8 figures, 1 table. (DLC)

Electron-photon transport calculations have been carried out for the 50 MeV electron beam generated by ATA when it is incident on a carbon beam dump. Energy spectra are calculated at various points within the dump for the purpose of determining the power density profile. In addition, energy spectra of scattered electrons transported through small holes in the dump are calculated for the purpose of determining the extent to which they would interfere with a beam-emittance and beam-energy diagnostic based on the extraction of small beamlets through penetrations in the dump.

This report covers the second quarter of activity on the project to characterize the mineral-matter liberation and the beneficiation of ultra-fine coal. So far the work has been confined to the base-case coal from the Illinois No. 6 seam. Eight other coals will be examined later in the program. The work accomplished this quarter, and described in this report, included determination of additional bulk properties of the coal, an examination of the mineral-matter and mineral associations in the coal, and the preparation and washability testing of ultra-fine, minus 44-micrometer (325-mesh) coal for liberation studies. 8 references, 8 figures, 13 tables.

Sampling Procedure: This project requires a carefully coordinated sample preparation procedure that will ensure that specimens of the proper size and physical characteristics are available for the various measurement methods used. Coherent blocks of coal will be collected in the field, with subsamples being removed in the lab by 1 inch-diameter core drill. At least 5 separate cores will be drilled from each block. Coal blocks sampled in the field will be approximately 10 inches (times) 10 inches {times} 6 inches. Distinctive compositional lithologies should be selected for sampling. For example, a section of the seam containing particularly thick vitrain or durain bands might be selected; or the block might include a mineral matter rich layer. If necessary, several blocks should be selected to represent a range in compositions. Sampling procedure must include a method for retaining moisture. The sample must not be allowed to dry out. Exposure to atmospheric oxygen should be limited as much as possible. The samples must carefully packed for shipment so as to preserve their integrity.

Quasifree electrons simulate the behavior of unsolvated or dry electrons in aqueous media including the special case of biological systems. A model of direct radiosensitization was developed based on dry charge-carriers having an extended lifetime in the sheath of structured water that surrounds polar biomolecules. In this model, the pre-solvation lifetimes of dry electrons increased with an increase in the rotational times of solvent molecules. During the development of this model, an increasing number of radiosensitizers were found to be carcinogenic. Measurement of the k/sub e/'s of known carcinogens and noncarcinogens revealed that carcinogens attached quasifree electrons at diffusion-controlled rates, whereas the k/sub e/'s of noncarcinogens were significantly less. To explore the k/sub e/-carcinogenicity correlation further, a study of quasifree electron attachment to the water pools of reversed micelles was conducted. The degree of structuredness of the water pools which determines the k/sub e/ of the reversed micellar systems was also controlled. Another approach to controlling the microenvironment of quasifree electrons in biological systems was done in studies of radiation-induced damage to DNA in concentrated DNA solutions. The high concentration of DNA introduces more structure into the solutions than that occurring in typical in vitro experiments. The structural enhancement by …

The successful description of nuclei in terms of nucleons, deltas and mesons provides an enormous challenge to QCD. It compels us to pursue our theoretical understanding of chromodynamics into the realm of multiple color singlets in order to examine the concept of color saturation. To pursue this theme, we examine the idea of nuclear transparency in the light of models for confinement and describe the formulation of lattice simulations sensitive to exchange forces. 22 refs., 7 figs.

The various approaches to a combined fusion-fission reactor for the purpose of breeding /sup 239/Pu and /sup 233/U are described. Design aspects and cost estimates for fuel production and electricity generation are discussed. (MOW)

Two core holes have been completed on the flanks of Newberry Volcano, Oregon. Core holes GEO N-1 has a heat flow of 180 mWm-2 reflecting subsurface temperature sufficient for commercial exploitation of geothermally generated electricity. GEO N-3, which has a heat flow of 86 mWm-2, is less encouraging. Considerable emphasis has been placed on the rain curtain'' effect with the hope that a detailed discussion of this phenomenon at two distinct localities will lead to a better understanding of the physical processes in operation. Core hole GEO N-1 was cored to a depth of 1387 m at a site located 9.3 km south of the center of the volcano. Core hole GEO N-3 was cored to a depth of 1220 m at a site located 12.6 km north of the center of the volcano. Both core holes penetrated interbedded pyroclastic lava flows and lithic tuffs ranging in composition from basalt to rhyolite with basaltic andesite being the most common rock type. Potassium-argon age dates range up to 2 Ma. Difficult drilling conditions were encountered in both core holes at depths near the regional water table. Additionally, both core holes penetrate three distinct thermal regimes (isothermal (the rain curtain), transition, and …

This project originated as a result of the Strontium-90 Action Plan, a response to the abnormal release of radionuclides that occurred from White Oak Creek (WOC) during late November and early December 1985. Several notable problems became obvious during ORNL`s response to this release: (1) no predetermined criteria existed for the operation of White Oak Dam (WOD) in response to spills, (2) the hydrodynamics of contaminant transport and dispersion within the WOC watershed and downstream were not adequately understood to support requests for modified reservoir releases, and (3) real-time data on streamflow, precipitation, and water quality within the watershed were not readily available in sufficient quantity and usable format. The modeling study was initiated to help address these problems. This report describes FY 87 accomplishments, including: improvements in data acquisition and evaluation; implementation and calibration of a model to forecast discharges of water and contaminants from the WOC watershed; implementation, documentation, and checking of a model to forecast concentrations of contaminants from WOC in the Clinch River; and three field studies that provide essential calibration data. Data from the field studies and user documentation of the Clinch River model are included as appendices to this report.

We have measured transition-metal ion (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) spectra and their effects on Nd fluorescence quenching in Nd-doped phosphate and silicate glasses. Our purpose was to determine the maximum allowable impurity content given particular limits on the absorption loss at 1053 nm and the Nd fluorescence quenching rate. To keep the absorption loss <0.1 m/sup -1/ the transition-metal impurity content should be kept below 0.5 ppMw. To keep the increase in the Nd fluorescence decay rate below 1%, the impurity content should be <3 ppMw. We have also found that the Nd quenching rates do not scale as predicted by the Forster-Dexter dipole-dipole energy transfer theory if we assume that the dominant variation with transition metal is the overlap integral of the Nd fluorescence spectrum and the transition-metal absorption. We suggest that phonon-assisted energy transfer to transition metals is effective in quenching Nd. We find that quenching rates increase 1.5 to 4 times as the Nd concentration increases from 0.5 to 10 x 10/sup 20/ cm/sup -3/.