We discuss here the uncertainties in the nuclear input data relevant for calculations of standard and non-standard primordial nucleosynthesis. We show how these uncertainties can affect the predictive power of such calculations, and we identify those key nuclear reactions for which improved experimental data on the associated reaction rates is most needed. Such experimental data can lead to more accurate discriminatory tests between the differing primordial nucleosynthesis scenarios. 34 refs., 3 tabs.

This document contains excerpts from the proceedings of the conference on Technology-based Confidence Building: Energy and the Environment.'' It contains the agenda for the conference and a document on Global Warming and Energy Use;'' a presentation on from Militarism to Environmentalism: a New Focus of US-Soviet Relations;'' a workshop on environmental challenges; a summary address on Science, Technology, and World Affairs;'' an address entitled Energy: the Coin of International Understanding;'' and concluding remarks.

AMAX Research Development Center (AMAX R D) has been investigating methods for enhancing the reactivity and durability of the zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent. Zinc ferrite sorbents are intended for use in desulfurization of hot coal gas in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) or molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) applications. For the present program, the reactivity of the sorbent may be defined as its sulfur sorption capacity at the breakthrough point and at saturation in a bench-scale, fixed-bed reactor. Durability may be defined as the ability of the sorbent to maintain important physical characteristics such As size, strength, and specific surface area during 10 cycles of sulfidation and oxidation.

This draft report was prepared as required by Task No. 2 of the US Department of Energy, Grant No. FG07-89ID12850 Reverse Trade Mission to Acquaint International Representatives with US Power Plant and Drilling Technology'' (mission). As described in the grant proposal, this report covers the reactions of attendees toward US technology, its possible use in their countries, and an evaluation of the mission by the staff leaders. Note this is the draft report of one of two missions carried out under the same contract number. Because of the diversity of the mission subjects and the different attendees at each, a separate report for each mission has been prepared. This draft report has been sent to all mission attendees, specific persons in the US Department of Energy and Los Alamos National Lab., the California Energy Commission (CEC), and various other governmental agencies.

Prediction of the dynamic response of APS magnet/support systems requires knowledge of the free vibrational characteristics, including natural frequencies, modes, and modal damping ratios. A preliminary dynamic analysis of the magnet/support system of a typical section of the APS storage ring, as presented in the APS Conceptual Design Report, was performed to gain insight. The preliminary analysis is based on the assumption that the support girder could be considered rigid relative to the stiffness of the pedestal supports when considering the lower modes and frequencies. Further, only the vertical (in-plane) translational and rocking modes were studied. The subject analysis was performed to include the flexibility of the support girder and to investigate the horizontal (out-of-plane) modes as well. Also, the most up-to-date design of the five magnet sections are studied. Here, it should be noted that in the latest design the positioning of the support pedestals (jack-screws) is different from that in the conceptual design.

The behavior of ferrite loads commonly found in induction accelertors has important consequences for the performance of these accelerators. Previous work by the authors on modeling the electromagnetic fields in induction cavities has focussed upon use of a simple, phenomenological model for the process of magnetization reversal in these ferrite loads. In this paper we consider a model for magnetization reversal which is more deeply rooted in theory, and present a simulation of the reversal process based upon this model for an idealized set of boundary conditions. 7 refs., 3 figs.

The ACPMAPS multipocessor is a highly cost effective, local memory parallel computer with a hypercube or compound hypercube architecture. Communication requires the attention of only the two communicating nodes. The design is aimed at floating point intensive, grid like problems, particularly those with extreme computing requirements. The processing nodes of the system are single board array processors, each with a peak power of 20 Mflops, supported by 8 Mbytes of data and 2 Mbytes of instruction memory. The system currently being assembled has a peak power of 5 Gflops. The nodes are based on the Weitek XL Chip set. The system delivers performance at approximately $300/Mflop. 8 refs., 4 figs.

Designing a drift chamber cell geometry which optimizes resolution and two track separation is not a straightforward task. This paper describes a software package which helps visualize the behavior of drifting electrons within the cell under the influence of electric and magnetic fields. Histograms of chamber pulse shapes and arrival times may be generated. In addition, a calculation of the gas gain is performed. The package presently uses drift velocity, drift angle, gain, and dE/dx parameterizations for 50:50 argon/endash/ethane but modifications may be easily made for other gas mixtures. The model is straightforward and relies on an analytical form for the electric potential of an infinite series of wires. The electric field is calculated numerically in a small region surrounding any point of interest. In the absence of a magnetic field, the drift direction of an ionization electron is the unit vector along the E field direction. When a perpendicular magnetic field is present, the drift direction is rotated by the Lorentz angle, a. 3 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

Many-electron QED correction is one of the unsolved problems in relativistic atomic structure calculations for many-electron systems. The accuracy of the effective-charged screening approach frequently used in the MCDF model to estimate the many-electron QED corrections is examined. The effects of relativity and configuration interaction are simultaneously important in the treatment of highly-charged ions. These effects can sometimes change the transition rates by orders of magnitude; numerous irregularities present in Auger rates and oscillator strengths along the isoelectronic sequence due to the level crossings. The spin-orbit mixing and Breit interaction are responsible for the decay of most of the high-spin metastable autoionizing states. 29 refs., 8 figs.

This document discusses a support provided for use in a thermionic converter to support an end of an emitter to keep it out of contact with a surrounding collector while allowing the emitter end to move axially as its temperature changes. The emitter end is supported by a spring structure that includes a pair of Belleville springs, and the spring structure is supported by a support structure fixed to the housing that includes the collector. The support structure is in the form of a sandwich with a small metal spring-engaging element at the front end, a larger metal main support at the rear end that is attached to the housing, and with a ceramic layer between them that is bonded by hot isostatic pressing to the metal element and metal main support. The spring structure can include a loose wafer captured between the Belleville springs. 7 figs.

A NeUtron MOnochromator, NUMO, for (D,T) fusion diagnostics is described. The monochromator consists of CH/sub 2/ (n,p) converter foil, a sector-magnet monochromator and Faraday cup detector. This system can be used to study some details of (D,T) fusion reaction history. 6 refs., 5 figs.

AMAX Research & Development Center (AMAX R&D) has been investigating methods for enhancing the reactivity and durability of the zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent. Zinc ferrite sorbents are intended for use in desulfurization of hot coal gas in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) or molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) applications. For the present program, the reactivity of the sorbent may be defined as its sulfur sorption capacity at the breakthrough point and at saturation in a bench-scale, fixed-bed reactor. Durability may be defined as the ability of the sorbent to maintain important physical characteristics such As size, strength, and specific surface area during 10 cycles of sulfidation and oxidation.

All of the ordered Tychoway rollers, to be used under the cryostat carriages on the center beam, have to be modified to accommodate a keyed way used to guide the cryostat along these same ways. A 0.320 x 0.406 inch notch is machined along one of the longer lower edges in order to create a 0.640 x 0.406 inch keyway when two of these notched rollers are bolted together (side by side) for installation. This keyway will fit over a .635 x .375 inch key, which is inserted into the ways. Due to the close fit, the rollers were sent to the Fermi Inspection Dept. to double check the machined notch dimensions and tolerances. Included is the drawing sent to the Tychoway manufacturer, who machined the notch, and the results of the measurements taken by the Inspection Dept. The tolerance on the 0.320 inch dimension is {+-} 0.002 inches. Only three of the initial ten rollers fall within the tolerance; No.3, 9 and 10 (they were numbered by the Inspection Dept.). The other seven, plus one of the 'good' rollers, can be matched up to meet the required dimensions of a 0.640 {+-} 0.004 inch keyway. Since only four rollers …

Prediction of the dynamic response of APS magnet/support systems requires knowledge of the free vibrational characteristics, including natural frequencies, modes, and modal damping ratios. A preliminary dynamic analysis of the magnet/support system of a typical section of the APS storage ring, as presented in the APS Conceptual Design Report, was performed to gain insight. The preliminary analysis is based on the assumption that the support girder could be considered rigid relative to the stiffness of the pedestal supports when considering the lower modes and frequencies. Further, only the vertical (in-plane) translational and rocking modes were studied. The subject analysis was performed to include the flexibility of the support girder and to investigate the horizontal (out-of-plane) modes as well. Also, the most up-to-date design of the five magnet sections are studied. Here, it should be noted that in the latest design the positioning of the support pedestals (jack-screws) is different from that in the conceptual design.

The TOUGH code developed at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) is being extensively used to numerically simulate the thermal and hydrologic environment around nuclear waste packages in the unsaturated zone for the Yucca Mountain Project. At the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) we have rewritten approximately 80 percent of the TOUGH code to increase its speed and incorporate new options. The geometry of many problems requires large numbers of computational elements elements in order to realistically model detailed physical phenomena, and, as a result, large amounts of computer time are needed. In order to increase the speed of the code we have incorporated fast linear equation solvers, vectorization of substantial portions of code, improved automatic time stepping, and implementation of table look-up for the steam table properties. These enhancements have increased the speed of the code for typical problems by a factor of 20 on the Cray 2 computer. In addition to the increase in computational efficiency we have added several options: vapor pressure lowering; equivalent continuum treatments of fractures; energy and material volumetric, mass and flux accounting; and Stefan-Boltzmann radiative heat transfer. 5 refs.

As the Subgroup Chairman for the Process Automation Control Technology Subgroup of IMOG, I was requested to attend the annual Steering Committee Meeting held this year at the Allied-Signal Kansas City Plant and summarize the past year's activities of the Subgroup. The next IMOG Steering Committee Meeting will be held November 14 and 15, 1990 in Los Alamos. The next Process Automation Control Technology Subgroup Meeting will be held in June, 1990 in Rocky Flats.

A nuclear fuel element and a method of manufacturing the element. The fuel element is comprised of a metal primary container and a fuel pellet which is located inside it and which is often fragmented. The primary container is subjected to elevated pressure and temperature to deform the container such that the container conforms to the fuel pellet, that is, such that the container is in substantial contact with the surface of the pellet. This conformance eliminates clearances which permit rubbing together of fuel pellet fragments and rubbing of fuel pellet fragments against the container, thus reducing the amount of dust inside the fuel container and the amount of dust which may escape in the event of container breach. Also, as a result of the inventive method, fuel pellet fragments tend to adhere to one another to form a coherent non-fragmented mass: this reduces the tendency of a fragment to pierce the container in the event of impact. 1 fig., 1 tab.

Inertial confinement fusion requires temporally shaped pulses to achieve high gain efficiency. Recently, we demonstrated the ability to produce complex temporal pulse shapes at high power at 0.35 microns on the Nova laser system. 2 refs., 2 figs.

The User Computer System (UCS) is a general purpose unclassified, nonproduction system for Mound users. The UCS pilot project was successfully completed, and the system currently has more than 250 users. Over 100 tables were installed on the UCS for use by subscribers, including tables containing data on employees, budgets, and purchasing. In addition, a UCS training course was developed and implemented.