A computer code, called GAMIDENT, was written to help identify isotopes by their gamma-ray emissions and thus to assist in the non-destructive assay of unknown materials. The program searches a file (called GAMIN) of gamma-ray spectra, from both radioactive decays and neutron captures, for matches with observed photon energies. This report describes the search procedure used, outlines the use of the code, and gives examples. The code is designed for operation at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory on a CDC-7600 computer. It is written in standard Fortran (ANSI) as much as possible, but it contains some LRLTRAN instructions required to make use of the Livermore Timesharing System. The code uses about 30,000 words of SCM and about 550,000 words of LCM. Typical problems run in less than 30 seconds. The source program and the data file are available on request.

This paper discusses hybridization of modified Stellarator-like transform windings (T-windings) with a Spheromak or Field-Reversed-Mirror configuration. This configuration, Stellarmak, retains the important topological advantage of the Spheromak or FRM of having no plasma linking conductors or blankets. The T-windings provide rotational transformation in toroidal angle of the outer poloidal field lines, in effect creating a reversed B/sub Toroidal/ Spheromak or adding average B/sub T/ to the FRM producing higher shear, increased limiting ..beta.., and possibly greater stability to kinks and tilt. The presence of field ripple in the toroidal direction may be sufficient to inhibit cancellation of directed ion current by electron drag to allow steady state operation with the toroidal as well as poloidal current maintained by neutral beams.

Sources of parameter data for BIODOSE simulations are documented. These simulations were used in bedded salt repository analysis. Water system parameters are presented for a southwestern river system (patterned after the lower Colorado River). Nuclide-specific parameters are given also.

This user's manual describes the BIOsphere Transport and DOSE program (BIODOSE) prepared for, and delivered to, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) by the Analytic Sciences Corporation (TASC). BIODOSE simulates the transport of radionuclides in surface water systems and the resulting concentration of nuclides in the food chain. It includes the prediction of human dosage risks for individuals and for populations resulting from release of radionuclides into surface water or well water. The BIODOSE program was designed for easy use, including standard defaults and a flexible input scheme.

The fracture of an improved form of pure beryllium was studied under triaxial tensile stresses. This state of stress was produced by testing notched beams, which were thick enough to be in a state of plane strain at the center. A plane strain, elastic-incremental plasticity finite element program was then used to determine the stress and strain distributions at fracture. A four-point bend fixture was used to load the specimens. It was carefully designed and manufactured to eliminate virtually all of the shear stresses at the reduced section of the notched beams. The unixial properties were obtained.

The benign termination of the transition phase of a hypothetical LMFBR accident rests on the avoidance of highly energetic recriticalities prior to escape of bottled molten core materials from the active core region. In scenarios where molten fuel is trapped due to axial blockages, the maintenance of subcritical configurations until radial flow paths develop requires stable boil-up of the molten fuel/steel mixture. This paper describes the analysis of an experiment investigating the behavior of closed boiling pools using the two-fluid hydrodynamics module of TRANSIT-HYDRO, a deterministic transition-phase analysis code.

The overall test program includes pump assembly, installation, testing, removal from the test loop, disassembly and final inspection of the entire pump. Testing will include: checkout tests, head/flow and efficiency characterizations at design and two-loop flow/speed ratios and at selected sodium temperatures; suction performance determination; and a design point endurance test, up to 2000 hours, based on available time. The endurance test will be run at 100 percent NPSH margin. After testing, the pump will be cleaned of sodium, disassembled, and examined to determine the effects of operation at 100 percent NPSH margin for an extended period of time. The testing will be done at Energy Technology Engineering Center (ETEC). Assembly, sodium removal, disassembly, and initial inspection will be performed at Component Handling and Cleaning Facility (CHCF) and sodium testing will be done at Sodium Pump Test Facility (SPTF).

Preliminary data on the thermal properties of a coarse-grained rock salt from Avery Island, Louisiana, indicates that hydrostatic pressure to 50 MPa has little effect on the thermal conductivity, diffusivity and linear expansion at temperatures from 300 to 573 K. The measurements were made in a new apparatus under conditions of true hydrostatic loading. At room temperature and effective confining pressure increasing from 10 to 50 MPa, thermal conductivity and diffusivity are constant at roughly 7W/mK and 3.6 x 10/sup -6/ m/sup 2//s, respectively. At 50 MPa and temperature increasing from 300 to 573K, both conductivity and diffusivity drop by a factor of 2. Thermal linear expansion at 0 MPa matches that at 50 MPa, increasing from roughly 4.2 x 10/sup -5//K at 300 K to 5.5 x 10/sup -5/ at 573 K. The lack of a pressure effect on all three properties is confirmed by previous work. Simple models of microcracking suggest that among common geological materials the lack of pressure dependence is unique to rock salt.

A laboratory stainless steel reactor has been constructed and installed to study the hydrogenation of SiCl/sub 4/, 3 SiCl/sub 4/ + 2 H/sub 2/ + Si reversible arrow 4 SiHCl/sub 3/. The reactor is designed to operate at pressure up to 500 psig which is the proposed operating pressure range of the Union Carbide EPSDU; silane-to-silicon process. Series of experiments were carried out to measure the reaction kinetics. The effect of reactor temperature on the rate of the hydrogenation of SiCl/sub 4/ to SiHCl/sub 3/ was measured at 400, 450, 500 and 550/sup 0/C. As expected, the reaction rate increases rapidly with increasing reactor temperature. The reaction rate and SiHCl/sub 3/ conversion were studied as functions of hydrogen and SiCl/sub 4/ concentrations at H/sub 2//SiCl/sub 4/ ratios of 1.0 and 2.8. Higher H/sub 2/SiCl/sub 4/ ratio produces a higher SiHCl/sub 3/ conversion per pass while the reaction rate remains approximately the same. The effect of reactor pressure on the rate of the hydrogenation reaction is most interesting. The rate of approaching equilibrium at higher reactor pressure (500 psig) is somewhat slower than those at lower reactor pressure (300 psig). In general, the 500 psig experimental data confirm previous estimated results …

Because of the practical importance of sputtering, numerous theories and computer simulations are used for predicting many aspects of the sputtering process. Unfortunately, many of the calculated sputtering results are untested by experiment. Until recently, most sputtering experiments required either very high ion fluences or the detection of only minor constituents of the sputtered flux, i.e., ions. These techniques may miss the subtleties involved in the sputtering process. High-detection-efficiency mass spectrometry, coupled with the laser ionization of neutral atoms, allows the detection of the major sputtered species with very low incident ion fluences. The depth-of-origin of sputtered atoms is one example of an important but poorly understood aspect of the sputtering process. By following the sputtering yield of a substrate atom with various coverages of an adsorbed overlayer, the depth of origin of sputtered atoms has been determined. Our results indicate that two-thirds of the sputtered flux originates in the topmost atomic layer. The ion-dose dependence of sputtering yields has long been assumed to be quite minor for low- to-moderate primary ion fluences. We have observed a two-fold decrease in the sputtering yield of the Ru(0001) surface for very low primary ion fluences. Data analysis results in a cross section …

The writing of a computer program to calculate the pressure rise in the CHL 5000-gallon dewar was motivated by the writing of a Fermilab engineering note on the safety of the dewar which is presently being installed at the Fermilab Central Helium Liquefier. The calculation is intended to verify that the pressure in the inner vessel will not rise above a safe level in a catastrophic venting situation.

In an earlier publication we considered acceleration of plasma rings (Compact Torus). Several possible accelerator configurations were suggested and the possibility of focusing the accelerated rings was discussed. In this paper we consider one scheme, acceleration of a ring between coaxial electrodes by a B/sub theta/ field as in a coaxial rail-gun. If the electrodes are conical, a ring accelerated towards the apex of the cone undergoes self-similar compression (focusing) during acceleration. Because the allowable acceleration force, F/sub a/ = kappaU/sub m//R where (kappa < 1), increases as R/sup -2/, the accelerating distance for conical electrodes is considerably shortened over that required for coaxial electrodes. In either case, however, since the accelerating flux can expand as the ring moves, most of the accelerating field energy can be converted into kinetic energy of the ring leading to high efficiency.

The CC Cryostat was moved to the cleanroom for the installation of modules: Work will continue on the top of the Cryostat with the help of platforms attached to both sides of the Cryostat. It was desired to access this platform from a nearby balcony via a walkway or 'spacewalk'. The spacewalk was to attach to the substructure of the east fold-down platform and across the balcony to some kind of staircase structure. The final design was a free standing stair frame and a rectangular box platform with handrails which hooks onto the stair frame and the substructure of the platform. A sketch of the cleanroom and spacewalk are included following this report. Since the spacewalk structure had to be hand assembled once on the balcony. the material chosen was stock 6061-T6 aluminum. This aluminum combines high-strength (35 ksi yield) and light weight. A 1-1/2-inch aluminum bar across the staircase provides the structure for the walkway platform to hook onto. No-skid pads are placed on the channel stairs and the surface of the walkway platform to assure sure footing. The level of the walkway platform lies approximately 10-inch below the surface of the fold-down platform. thus requiring users to step …

This engineering and economic study is concerned with the question of using the natural heat of the earth, or geothermal energy, as an alternative to other energy sources such as oil and natural gas which are increasing in cost. This document represents a quarterly progress report on the effort directed to determine the availability of geothermal energy within the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana (Figure 1), and the feasibility of beneficial use of this resource including engineering, economic and environmental considerations. The project is being carried out by the Tribal Research office, Assinboine and Sioux Tribes, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Poplar, Montana under a contract to the United States Department of Energy. PRC TOUPS, the major subcontractor, is responsible for engineering and economic studies and the Council of Energy Resource Tribes (CERT) is providing support in the areas of environment and finance, the results of which will appear in the Final Report. The existence of potentially valuable geothermal resource within the Fort Peck Indian Reservation was first detected from an analysis of temperatures encountered in oil wells drilled in the area. This data, produced by the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, pointed to a possible moderate to high temperature …

This is the third annual progress report for a continuing EPA-DOE jointly funded project to evaluate the effects of aqueous effluents from in situ fossil-fuel processing technologies on aquatic biota. The project is organized into four project tasks: (1) literature review; (2) process water screening; (3) methods development; and (4) recommendations. Our Bibliography of aquatic ecosystem effects, analytical methods and treatment technologies for organic compounds in advanced fossil-fuel processing effluents was submitted to the EPA for publication. The bibliography contains 1314 citations indexed by chemicals, keywords, taxa and authors. We estimate that the second bibliography volume will contain approximately 1500 citations and be completed in February. We compiled results from several laboratories of inorganic characterizations of 19 process waters: 55 simulated in situ oil-shale retort waters; and Hanna-3, Hanna-4B 01W and Lawrence Livermore Hoe Creek underground coal gasification condenser waters. These process waters were then compared to a published summary of the analyses from 18 simulated in situ oil-shale retort waters. We completed this year 96-h flow-through toxicity bioassays with fathead minnows and rainbow trout and 48-h flow-through bioassays with Daphnia pulicaria exposed to 5 oil-shale process waters, 1 tar-sand process water, 2 underground coal gasification condenser waters, 1 post-gasification …

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The OSIRIS program is an imaging optical simulation program which has been developed to predict the output of space-borne sensor systems. The simulation is radiometrically precise and includes highly realistic laser, atmosphere, and earth background models, as well as detailed models of optical components. This system was developed by Rockwell Power Services for the Los Alamos National Laboratory. It is based upon the LARC (Los Alamos Radiometry Code, also by Rockwell), and uses a similar command structure and 3d coordinate system as LARC. At present OSIRIS runs on the Cray I computer under the CTSS operating s stem, and is stored in the OSIRIS root directory on LANL CTSS mass storage.