The elements of the environment relating to transportation and handling include temperature, solar radiation, precipitation, humidity, pressure, shock, and vibration. While each of these deserves consideration, the latter two, shock and vibration, are perhaps the least understood. The report discusses all of these elements, but concentrates largely on shock and vibration. Emphasis is upon the necessity of understanding both the product and the environment. To that end, descriptions of the environment which have been derived statistically are discussed. Land, sea, and air transport are considered. Current knowledge of the handling environment is indicated.

Since the enactment of the Water Quality Act of 1965, there has been an increasing concern over the quality of the nation's waters. Adoption of temperature standards of water bodies, combined with the economics of scale, is resulting in increased use of alternatives to once-through cooling systems, particularly ponds and towers. Approximately 60 steam-electric power plants with capacities greater than 60 electrical megawatts use cooling ponds. This report documents a review of cooling pond technology in which major emphasis was placed on examination of engineering and environmental aspects of design, mathematical and physical modeling, use of sprays, and economics.

This compendium presents data on geothermal resources for all those western states with geothermal potential. Individual sections, which have been processed separately for inclusion in the EDB data base, are devoted to each of the following states: Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. A separate section is also devoted to the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Imperial Valley Project. Maps and references are included for each section. (JGB)

Nine papers are included. Individual papers were previously indexed for EDB. (MHR)

Swelling in prototypic FTR cladding and duct specimens is being determined from a series of three irradiations designed to cover a range of temperatures approximately 800 to 1500/sup 0/F and peak fluences of approximately 1 x 10/sup 22/, 6 x 10/sup 22/, and 1 x 10/sup 23/ n/cm/sup 2/. The length change measurements for the low fluence irradiation have been completed and are summarized in this report. No swelling, only shrinkage, was found in the 20 percent cold worked Type 316 stainless steel cladding specimens. This shrinkage is of the same magnitude and has the same temperature dependency as unirradiated, control samples. Annealed specimens did swell slightly. Details of the experiment and analysis are given.

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The authors describe several types of small liquid xenon-filled chambers, each optimized for a particular property such as a real-time spatial resolution of {+-} 15 {mu}, a time resolution of {+-} 10{sup -7} sec, or a pulse height of 10{sup -12} coulomb. Larger chambers combining all these properties will be of great value at NAL energies, and they describe some of the techniques necessary for their construction.

We have investigated the preequilibrium kinetics of the L-isoleucine activation reaction catalyzed by Ile-tRNA synthetase in the presence of a fluorescent reporter group, 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate, using the stopped-flow technique. It is found that of all the reactants involved, L-isoleucine binds slowest to the enzyme, apparently in a two-step process. The kinetics of the reaction are invariant in the presence of co-reactants, whereas the kinetics for ATP are drastically changed in the presence of Mg{sup 2+} ions. The formation of enzyme bound L-isoleucyl {approx} AMP is conveniently followed at dilute concentrations. The value for the rate constant of formation was determined to be 135 sec{sup -1} and of the reverse process to be 670 sec{sup -1} at pH 8.0 25 C. These values are considerably higher than the rate constant 15 sec{sup -1} of the dissociation reaction for L-isoleucine. The value of the kinetically defined equilibrium constant between the ternary Michaelis-Menten complex and the ternary enzyme-product complex indicates that, at equilibrium, the Michaelis-Menten complex is favored. The effect of temperature has been determined, and a tentative interpretation of the thermodynamic parameters is offered. The zero standard enthalpy and positive entropy for binding of L-isoleucine is consistent with hydrophobic interactions, whereas the enzyme-ligand …

The increasing availability of short lived gamma and positron emitting isotopes, coupled with the importance of dynamical studies and better imaging, has generated the need for an improved {gamma}-ray camera. The authors discuss a new type of {gamma}-ray camera which makes use of electron avalanches in liquid xenon. A configuration currently under development is shown in Figure 1. The successful operation of a liquid xenon proportional counter was recently reported. The liquid xenon camera promises better spatial resolution and higher counting rate than the existing NaI(Tl) scintillation camera. The spatial resolution for {gamma} rays is in principle limited only by the range of photoelectrons in liquid xenon, which is < 0.2 mm for energies < 1 MeV. A counting rate of 10{sup 6} C/s or more appears possible. As a result of the better resolution and high counting rate capability, the definition of the picture is improved. In addition, the high counting rate capability makes possible dynamic studies which were previously unfeasible. Although they expect the energy resolution with liquid xenon to be superior to that of NaI, the preliminary measurements show 17% FWHM for 279 keV {gamma}'s. Improvements are expected by using better geometry and smoother wire.

Recent years have witnessed the development of accelerators of ever-larger current, both peak and average, as well as a proliferation of storage rings of ever-greater luminosity. Consequently, there is considerable interest in and growing concern with, the phenomena which limit beam currents and beam densities, namely, the collective modes of behavior of relativistic particle beams. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the collective behavior can be controlled, at least to some extent, turned to good advantage, and employed for collective acceleration in devices such as the electron ring accelerator. Quite naturally then, almost every accelerator conference during the last five years has had a review paper on collective effects, while at the same time the number of original papers in this area now exceeds many hundreds. And thus I am faced with the dilemma of being unable to give a comprehensive and complete review (such a review, incidentally, would be most valuable; in my judgment the time is ripe for a comprehensive monograph on the subject.), and yet finding it difficult, in a brief review, to be comprehensible, balanced, and yet fresh. I have resolved the dilemma by firstly supplying sufficient references as to allow the interested reader to readily …

A prototype liquid xenon {gamma}-camera has been constructed and preliminary results obtained. The sensitive volume is 7 c x 7 cm in area and 1.5 cm thick. Orthogonal coordinates for each interacting {gamma}-ray are provided by 24 anode wires 5 {micro} in diameter spaced 2.8 mm apart and 24 cathode strips.

On the basis of our present understanding of the physical phenomena involved in an electron ring accelerator (ERA), a theoretical study is made of the performance which might be expected for an ERA. Rigorous upper bounds are obtained on the rate of energy gain, from which it is shown that, in order to prevent azimuthal instability, parameters must be selected such that (for reasonable fields, injector properties, etc., but with no safety factors) the proton energy gain is less than 80 MeV/m. Numerical examples and approximate formulas are given for the properties of rings satisfying the stability conditions for both azimuthal oscillations and ion-electron oscillations. It is found that for reasonable fields and injector properties, but without safety factors, the useable proton energy gain is less than 45 MeV/m.

This report contains an explanation of the various sources and uses of federal government unified budget funds, specifically how they have been employed under different presidential administrations.

A predictive model of the time-dependent evolution of radial Pu/U + Pu gradients in operating nonmolten mixed oxide fuels is being developed. This model is based on preferential evaporation-condensation and vapor transport of metal-bearing species either along cracks and porosity channels within the fuel or inside closed pores migrating up the temperature gradient; equilibrium thermodynamics are applied to calculate the continually changing vapor composition over the hot fuel. Predictions of the model are used in combination with recent in-pile experimental data (from nonmolten mixed oxide fuel pins irradiated in EBR-II from 0.2 to about 11 at. % burnup at varying powers) to delineate the key parameters in radial actinide redistribution. A correlation between fuel stoichiometry (O-to-Pu ratio) and the degree of redistribution (described by an enrichment factor ..gamma../sub Pu/) identified, however, the degree of restructuring of the fuel - as determined by the peak linear power rating, time at this power, and the initial fuel density - also has a strong influence on the final value of ..gamma../sub Pu/. Certain kinetic features of the process and intended modifications to the present model are discussed, and evidence for axial actinide vapor transport in an irradiated annular fuel is also presented.

The expansion characteristics of the detonation products of a high-explosive energy source used to simulate the pressure-volume change relationships for sodium-vapor expansions during hypothetical core disruptive accidents in a Fast Test Reactor were determined experimentally. Rigid cylinder-piston experiments performed at two scales (ratio 1:3) were undertaken to determine a pressure-volume relationship as a function of source mass and expansion environment. Some of these measurements were compared with code calculations for the source.

The biomedical program of the Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology for Fiscal Year 1974 is conducted within the scope of the following categories: Effects of Radiation of Living Organisms; Molecular and Cellular Radiobiology; Land and Fresh Water Environmental Sciences; Radiological and Health Physics and Instrumentation; and Nuclear Medical Research. (ACR)

Conceptual designs for 6- and 18-subassembly casks are presented. The casks are intended for transport of LMFBR spent fuel which has decayed a minimum of 30 days. These casks use sodium as the primary coolant, an auxiliary shield coolant system in normal operation, heavy steel members as both gamma shield and structure, and a eutectic mixture of LiOH and NaOH as a neutron shield. The analysis indicates that there will be no leakage of coolant or fission products under normal or hypothetical accident conditions.

This report describes a simple, efficient, and flexible program for cubic spline interpolation in one dimension, suitable for inclusion in the ANL Subroutine Library and in an interactive timesharing system. Most of the cubic spline programs already available either restrict the boundary conditions to knowledge of the first derivative at both end points, or require the second derivatives to vanish at these points. The program described here removes these restrictions and enables the user to adopt boundary conditions appropriate for his own problem. The advantage is demonstrated for the extreme case of interpolating the function x log (1/x), which has singularities in all its derivatives at x = 0.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Crawford Martin, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification;Status of Maintenance Tax in Bell County.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Crawford Martin, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification;Must a state employee who resigns , is dismissed or is separated from the state employment be paid for all duly accrued vacation time and related questions.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Crawford Martin, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification;Constitutionality of H.B.78 of the 62nd Legislature,1972, 4th called session.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Crawford Martin, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Whether a "riding lawn mower" may be considered as "implement of husbandry" under Article 6675a-1 (r), V.C.S.?

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Crawford Martin, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Authority of Harris County Hospital District to operate a chaplain program in its hospitals.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Crawford Martin, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Whether the Texas Real Estate Commission may require real estate licensees to use only a specific contract form in negotiating real estate contracts.