The radioactivity and thermal power of high-level and plutonium-bearing wastes from the nuclear fuel cycle have been calculated for the years 1975 to 2005 using the rate of generation of such wastes projected for the Generic Environmental Statement on Mixed Oxide Fuel (NUREG-0002). Three modes of fuel recycle are considered: (1) no recycle, (2) uranium recycle, and (3) prompt uranium and plutonium recycle. These cases are compared with a respect to radioactivity and thermal power of the generated waste, the waste shipments, and the accumulated inventories at reactor sites, reprocessing facilities, and ultimate disposal sites.

Short term objectives for well-logging instrumentation are circuits which can operate at temperatures in the range 275/sup 0/C to 350/sup 0/C; the medium term goal is operation up to 500/sup 0/C, and the long term goal is to achieve operation at 1000/sup 0/C. It is apparent that useful electronic circuits will require the combination of both passive components and active devices. In order to meet the compatibility requirements, the basic technology which has been selected in this project is the chemical vapor deposition of metal interconnections, resistor material, dielectric material and passivating material. It is to be emphasized that this is a thin-film, not thick-film, technology which is compatible with the processing methods used in fabricating either semiconductor or integrated thermionic devices, and produces components which are electrically compatible with those devices. The investigation in this project is primarily directed toward tungsten metallization, tungsten-silicon resistors, and silicon nitride dielectric and passivation.

A package of 38 low-level subprograms for many of the basic operations of numerical linear algebra is presented. The package is intended to be used with FORTRAN. The operations in the package are dot products, elementary vector operations, Givens transformations, vector copy and swap, vector norms, vector scaling, and the indices of components of largest magnitude. The subprograms and a test driver are available in portable FORTRAN. Versions of the subprograms are also provided in assembly language for the IBM 360/67, the CDC 6600 and CDC 7600, and the Univac 1108.

A survey was conducted to determine the extent to which the nation's coals were adequately characterized. Questionnaires were sent to 81 agencies in the coal community selected to form a representative cross section of the organizations concerned with coal characterization. Fifty-nine completed questionnaires were received. Respondents included representatives of the agencies with the longest experience in characterization and those in the best position to know the status of our knowledge of the composition and properties of the coals comprising the country's coal fields. Analysis of the responses to the questionnaire resulted in the following conclusions: The nation's coals are inadequately characterized for their efficient and effective use, particularly in relation to coal conversion technology and maintaining environmental quality; the number of agencies conducting coal characterization programs is too small to meet the nation's needs within the time frame required; and the scope of coal characterization programs should be expanded to develop a broader spectrum of basic compositional and performance data.

Two Holston lots of LX-10-1 were evaluated for mechanical properties. The average 21/sup 0/C tensile failure stress-strain values for Lot 711-1 and 711-2 were 2.32 MPa at 0.15% and 2.07 MPa at 0.18%, respectively. The failure stress range for both lots was approximately 0.4 MPa at 74 C to 5.6 MPa at -37C. Several additional pressing cycles were required to obtain a density of 1.865 Mg/m/sup 3/ for Lot 711-1 material. The additional cycles appear to have increased the tensile failure stress of Lot 711-1 slightly.

An accurate Mark I /sup 1///sub 5/-scale, boiling water reactor (BWR), pressure suppression facility was designed and constructed at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) in 11 months. Twenty-seven air tests using the facility are described. Cost was minimized by utilizing equipment borrowed from other LLL programs. The total value of borrowed equipment exceeded the program's budget of $2,020,000. Substantial flexibility in the facility was used to permit independent variation in the drywell pressure-time history, initial pressure in the drywell and toroidal wetwells, initial toroidal wetwell water level and downcomer length, vent line flow resistance, and vent line flow asymmetry. The two- and three-dimensional sectors of the toroidal wetwell provided significant data.

This report analyzes data on the health effects of bicycling in an urban environment through intensive study of ten healthy male subjects bicycling or driving in systematically varied conditions in the streets of Washington, D.C. Evaluation criteria for available technology and instrumentation are included and a methodology is developed for route selection. Specific air pollutants (carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfates, nitrates, and particulates) are measured concurrently with exposure and subsequent changes in health status identified through pulmonary function testing, cardiovascular testing, and blood and symptoms analysis. The report concludes that no major adverse short-term health effects were noted for ten healthy male subjects while bicycling or driving in levels of pollution and thermal stress encountered during the study period. Recommendations for further research are also presented.

The purpose of this test was to demonstrate that the system accumulator for the developmental program to be conducted on the Kilowatt Isotope Power System (KIPS) fulfilled the requirements of the test procedure (TP 400) test objectives. The results of the expulsion testing performed on the system accumulator are presented.

The CdHg excimer program will attempt to determine the existence of optical gain in a discharge pumped high temperature medium. This first quarterly contract period primarily involves detailed design of the experimental apparatus capable of producing high temperature metal vapor. The report begins with the general considerations which went into designing the experiment and follows with descriptions and schematics of the experiment as presently conceived.

Thirty-two U233 and U235 homogeneous aqueous critical experiments were analyzed with ENDF/B-IV data. Calculated eigenvalues for both fuel types increased by nearly 2 percent over the range of hydrogen/uranium atomic ratio covered (from 2106 to 27.1). This is attributed mostly to an underprediction of fast leakage, with some contribution from the fission and capture resonance integrals of ENDF/B-IV U235. Eigenvalue sensitivities to several nuclear data changes were examined. Values of the thermal criticality parameter constraint K2 for U233 and U235 were derived from the Gwin-Magnuson critical experiments at the zero leakage limit.

This report summarizes the results of technical and economic evaluations of six commercially available, fixed-bed coal gasification processes for the production of industrial fuel gas. The study was performed for DOE and is intended to assist industrial companies in exploring the feasibility of producing gaseous fuels for both retrofit and new industrial plant situations. The report includes a technical analysis of the physical configuration, performance capabilities, and commercial experiments to-date for both air-blown and oxygen-blown fixed bed gasifiers. The product gas from these gasifiers is analyzed economically for three different degrees of cleanliness: (1) hot raw gas, (2) dust-, tar-, and oil-free gas, and (3) dust-, tar-, oil-free and desulfurized gas. The evaluations indicate that low-Btu gases produced from fixed bed gasifiers constitute one of the most logical short-term solutions for helping ease the shortage of natural gas for industrial fuel applications because the technology is well-proven and has been utilized on a commercial scale for several decades both in this country and overseas; time from initiation of design to commercial operation is about two years; the technology is not complicated to construct, operate, or maintain; and a reliable supply of product gas can be generated on-site. The advantages and …

Surface studies of thermionic emitters and collectors in the surface characterization chamber are described. Plasma studies including converter theory, experimental plasma analyses, and enhanced mode conversion experiments are discussed. Progress in thermionic converter development, the component hardware program, and the combustion-heated thermionic device program are outlined. (WHK)

This report describes a system model for the mirror fusion-fission reactor. In this model we include a reactor description as well as analyses of capital cost and blanket fuel management. In addition, we provide an economic analysis evaluating the cost of producing the two hybrid products, fissile fuel and electricity. We also furnish the results of a limited parametric analysis of the modeled reactor, illustrating the technological and economic implications of varying some important reactor design parameters.

Sodium-water reaction products (SWRP) which had accumulated in the bottom of the reaction products tank (RPT) of the Large Leak Test Rig (LLTR) were sampled and characterized. Analysis showed that the SWRP consisted of NaOH, Na/sub 2/O, NaH, and Na, as expected, in varying proportions. The unreacted sodium in the samples examined ranged from 32 to 60% by weight. The SWRP reacts (dissolves) rapidly and completely with ethanol, and somewhat less rapidly and completely with Dowanol PM. A magnetic, metallic residue was left, originating in the Croloy of the test article in the LLTR. These solvents should be investigated further as possible agents for cleaning sodium systems that are highly contaminated with water reaction products. The SWRP does not completely liquefy with heating to 800/sup 0/F (427/sup 0/C). Although it softens to a consistency similar to that of wet sand, it is unlikely that it would flow or could be pumped even at such elevated temperature. The presence of highly corrosive molten NaOH. (above 606/sup 0/F, 319/sup 0/C) also makes the hot draining of SWRP unattractive.

An extensive discussion of considerations for fire protection in the LLL mirror fusion test facility (MFTF) is presented. Because of the large volume and high bays of the building, sufficient data on fire detection is unavailable. Results of fire detection tests using controlled fire sources in the building are presented. Extensive data concerning the behavior of the building atmosphere are included. Candidate fire detection instrumentation and extinguishing systems for use in the building are briefly reviewed. (RME)

The standard covers procurement requirements for extruded graphite logs, 15 in. (381 mm) or greater in diameter, manufactured with near-isotropic petroleum cokes and coal-tar pitch binders which are candidates or reference materials for replaceable fuel and reflector blocks for High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors (HTGRs). The requirements are designed to produce the degree of lot-to-lot reproducibility which is required to ensure consistent and predictable properties and irradiation performance for specific graphite grades and to ensure traceability of the graphite logs to production processes and raw materials that affect performance. The standard is intended for use in the procurement of developmental and commercial grades of nuclear graphite which are to be evaluated on Department of Energy (DOE) funded programs for use as core components in HTGRs.

To determine the radiation attenuation characteristics of liquid air (109 g/cm/sup 2/ thick) for 14 MeV neutrons from a central D-T source in a 10 kL vessel, radiation dose measurements were made using a large tissue-equivalent ion chamber external to the vessel. The shielding characteristics of steel spherical shells were also investigated. Experimental results were analyzed and compared with TARTNP Monte Carlo code calculations. Degradation of the ion chamber's response to high-energy neutrons was established and incorporated into the analysis. The dose attenuation factor for the unshielded detector was measured to be 0.073, compared with the calculated value of 0.081. The shielded detector signals were reduced only modestly; with a 10-cm-thick shell, the signal from the filled vessel dropped twofold.

The history of development of the as-low-as-is-reasonably achievable (ALARA) concept and ALARA criteria for radiation exposures as applied to both off-site (environmental) and on-site (occupational) exposures at nuclear power plants are reviewed. The current status of activities within the various federal agencies directed toward developing ALARA criteria for other areas of the nuclear fuel cycle is presented. Based on the historical development, the present activities, and on discussions with numerous people involved in this area, the future development of ALARA criteria and implications for the National Waste Terminal Storage (NWTS) Program is forecast. Environmental ALARA criteria which relate to minimizing radiation to the surrounding populaltion are discussed along with current occupational ALARA criteria and quidelines for risk-benefit assessments that are under development and recommendations to assure that evolving ALARA concepts are periodically brought up to date and that such concepts be made available to those subcontractors who have responsibility for design and operation of a repository. An annotated bibliography of some 83 sources giving information on ALARA criteria and its application is included. (JRD)

A technique is presented for estimating the average power output of a wind turbine using, as the wind characteristic input, only the mean annual wind magnitude. Hourly wind speeds are assumed to have a Rayleigh frequency distribution which requires a single parameter input (e.g., the mean value, variance or higher moment values). Based upon a general shape, for the wind speed versus machine output, a generic set of curves is developed to estimate the average power output of wind turbines. Also, estimates of the percent of time the wind turbine would not produce power (percent down time) and the percent of time the wind turbine would be operating at its rated power are presented.

Progress is reported for a program to develop a new process for producing composite Nb/sub 3/Sn/Cu superconducting wires and evaluating their critical current densities and the stress dependence of their critical currents. The process involves directional solidification of Cu--Nb or Cu--Nb--Sn alloys. (SDF)

An active system analysis and integration effort has been maintained. These activities have included the transformation of initial program requirements into a preliminary system design, the evolution of subsystem requirements which lay the foundation for subsystem design and test activity, and the overseeing of the final preliminary design effort to ensure that the subsystems are operationally compatible and capable of producing electricity at the lowest possible cost per unit of energy. Volume II of the Preliminary Design Report presents the results of the overall system effort that went on during this contract. The effort is assumed to include not only the total system definition and design but also all subsystem interactions.

Studies on the formation and properties of new materials for high-energy, gas-phase lasers are described. Attention is directed mainly to systems having bound excited states but unbound ground states. An important class of such excimer/exciplex systems has a van der Waals dimer/oligomer as its ground state. This research attempts to probe the relative rates of electron pumping of excited-state manifolds and the preferentially pumped vibronic states within each manifold. Reactive quenching of emission, resonant self-absorption of laser emissions, and collision- and noncollision-induced intersystem crossing are also considered. Lists of personnel and facilities are included. 8 figures, 2 tables. (RWR)

The study described herein is a continuation of the Giromill investigation in which a wind tunnel test of a model Giromill rotor was performed. The primary objective of the wind tunnel test was to obtain data for comparison with the Larsen cyclogiro vortex theory program employed for predicting the Giromill performance. The model had a rotor diameter of 7 ft. (2.13 meters) and a solidity (total blade area divided by rotor span times diameter) of 0.3. This was achieved by a three bladed rotor having blade chords of 8.4 in. (21.3 cm) and a span of 5 ft. (1.52 meters). The blades were modulated by use of replaceable cams, that simulated the various operating conditions, and a push rod arrangement connected to a bellcrank about the blade pivot point. Rotor RPM control was achieved with an electric motor/generator that could be used to either drive the rotor or absorb the rotor power to maintain RPM.

Two computational procedures and one optical experimental procedure for studying enclosed natural convection are described. The finite-difference and finite-element numerical methods are developed and several sample problems are solved. Results obtained from the two computational approaches are compared. A temperature-visualization scheme using laser holographic interferometry is described, and results from this experimental procedure are compared with results from both numerical methods.