In designing the SCD barrel and endcap calorimeters, the inter-module connecting forces must be known in order to determine the required size and number of connecting links between modules, and in order to understand how individual modules will be affected by these forces when assembled to form a full barrel and endcap. The connecting forces were found by analyzing three-dimensional Finite Element Models of both the barrel and endcap. This paper is divided into two parts, the first part will describe in detail the results of the barrel analysis and the second part will describe the results obtained from the endcap analysis. A similar approach was used in constructing the models for both analysis.

This report gives methods and results of the 1981 radiation monitoring program at LLL for both radioactive and non-radioactive contamination from gaseous and liquid effluents. Off-site monitoring includes various radionuclides but especially tritium in the ecosystems. (PSB)

Monitoring of power systems performance data for Pioneer 10 and Pioneer Saturn spacecrafts continued. Net power output for either system during mid-January of 1981 was 112 watts. Power degradation has, for several years, been stable between 4 and 5 watts per year. Viking 1 Lander data acquisition has been resumed following the conclusion of Saturn encounter activities. Figures show the Mars Lander performance history of Viking 1. These data include both the minimum and maximum data for each of the SOL days plotted to show the range of performance experienced on the Martian surface.

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The report presents results of a workshop held August 6-8, 2007, by DOE SC Basic Energy Sciences to determine the basic research needs for catalysis research.

Composition projections for Sludge Batch 5 (SB5) were developed to evaluate possible impacts of the Al-dissolution process on the availability of viable frit compositions for vitrification at the DWPF. The study included two projected SB5 compositions that bound potential outcomes (or degrees of effectiveness) of the Al-dissolution process, as well as a nominal SB5 composition projection based on the results of the recent Al-dissolution demonstration at SRNL. A Nominal Stage assessment was used to evaluate the two SB5 projections combined with an array of 19,305 frit compositions over a range of waste loading (WL) values against the DWPF process control models. The Nominal Stage results allowed for the down-selection of a small number of frits that provided reasonable projected operating windows (typically 25 to 40 wt %) and permitted some compositional flexibility (i.e., the ability to further tailor the frit to improve melt rate). Variation Stage assessments were then performed using the down-selected frits and the two SB5 composition projections with variation applied to each sludge component. The Variation Stage results showed that the operating windows were somewhat reduced in width, as expected when sludge variation is applied. Three of the down-selected frits continued to perform well for both SB5 …

The Integrated Status and Effectiveness Monitoring Project (ISEMP) program monitors the status and trend of water quality elements that may affect restoration project effectiveness in the Entiat subbasin. As part of this effort, the PNW Research Station (PNW) measures, analyzes and interprets temporal trends in natural stream water pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance and temperature. The Entiat River is currently on the Clean Water Act 303(d) list for pH exceedence, and there is insufficient information to determine the spatial and temporal extent or potential causes of this exceedence. In the late spring 2007, PNW deployed data-logging, multiparameter probes at four locations in the Entiat subbasin to measure water quality parameters, focusing on pH. Data collection was seasonally interrupted by river ice in early December. Daily average pH did not exceed the water quality standard of 8.5 at any of the measurements sites. However, instantaneous values did exceed this standard near the mouth of the Entiat River during late summer-fall period. This suggested that in the lowest portion of the river peaks in pH may be occurring because of photosynthesis caused by high rates of periphyton productivity in response to increased sunlight, temperature, and possible nutrient enrichment. Conversely, dissolved oxygen reached …

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This report summarizes progress during year 2 (March 17, 1987--March 11, 1988) on the effects of grain size on the structure and mechanical properties of Ni{sub 3}Al and Ni{sub 3}Si.

The objectives of the present work can be divided into three parts. The first objective was to develop a best-fit model for the older methanol synthesis catalyst (BASF S3-85) data base. At the time that this work commenced (June 1989), the BASF S3-85 data base contained many rate measurements accumulated over a few years. The newer catalyst (BASF S3-86) data base, at that time, contained only a few observations and did not include a broad range of conditions. Thus, a second objective of this work was to expand the BASF S3-86 data base to include more rate observations over a broader range of conditions. Finally, after expansion of the BASF S3-86 data base, the third objective was to develop a rate expression to describe this data base. This would include the application of rate expressions developed for the BASF S3-85 catalyst, as well as new models. (VC)

A set of first-order differential state equations is developed from taking finite differences of the partial differential equation that describes groundwater flow during a pump-drawdown test. The number of states in the model is a direct function of the number of discrete spatial segments used in the approximate model. This number of states is studied to determine a reasonably low-order model that preserves the accuracy of resulting simulations when compared with an available analytical solution. The resulting reduced-order model is then used in an extended Kalman filter for combined state and parameter estimation. This report summarizes work done in a recent pilot study to demonstrate the feasibility of these techniques in groundwater research and points the way toward other approaches to this problem area now under study.

The performance of liquid centrifugation for nuclear waste partitioning is examined for the Accelerator Transmutation of Waste Program currently under study at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Centrifugation might have application for the separation of the LiF-BeF{sub 2} salt from heavier radioactive materials fission product and actinides in the separation of fission product from actinides, in the isotope separation of fission-product cesium before transmutation of the {sup 137}Cs and {sup 135}Cs, and in the removal of spallation product from the liquid lead target. It is found that useful chemical separations should be possible using existing materials for the centrifuge construction for all four cases with the actinide fraction in fission product perhaps as low as 1 part in 10{sup 7} and the fraction of {sup 137}CS in {sup 133}Cs being as low as a few parts in 10{sup 5}. A centrifuge cascade has the advantage that it can be assembled and operated as a completely closed system without a waste stream except that associated with maintenance or replacement of centrifuge components.

This paper summarizes several studies of fusion reactors based on the compact torus (CT). A wide variety of reactor configurations can be projected within present understanding of the possible types of CT and their macroscopic stability and confinement properties. Three types of CT are considered here, the field-reversed-configuration having B/sub Toroidal/ = 0, the Spheromak with B/sub T/ not equal to 0, and CT's formed with particle rings. For each type, either fixed or moving-ring possibilities are offered along with pulsed or steady operation. In all cases the CT configuration lends itself to simplified blanket and coil design. In certain, important cases a reactor-scale CT is predicted to produce small unit power (10-100 MW/sub e/) facilitating small-scale pilot plants and eventual modularity.

Project SEED is an innovative career development program sponsored by the American Chemical Society for economically disadvantages high school students. SEED students spend ten weeks during the summer in an academic, industrial, or governmental research laboratory working under the supervision of a researcher or research assistant. The primary objective of Project SEED is to encourage participants to pursue strong academic programs in order to more fully develop their career potential and help overcome social, institutional, attitudinal, and educational obstacles which have traditionally excluded the economically disadvantaged. This summer the University of New Mexico at Los Alamos initiated a special course for Project SEED students. The weekly sessions focused on academic skills training in anticipation of post secondary programs coupled with the development of greater self confidence through academic success and effective communication.

This report summarizes progress during year 2 (March 17, 1987--March 11, 1988) on the effects of grain size on the structure and mechanical properties of Ni{sub 3}Al and Ni{sub 3}Si.

In designing the SCD barrel and endcap calorimeters, the inter-module connecting forces must be known in order to determine the required size and number of connecting links between modules, and in order to understand how individual modules will be affected by these forces when assembled to form a full barrel and endcap. The connecting forces were found by analyzing three-dimensional Finite Element Models of both the barrel and endcap. This paper is divided into two parts, the first part will describe in detail the results of the barrel analysis and the second part will describe the results obtained from the endcap analysis. A similar approach was used in constructing the models for both analysis.

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The performance of liquid centrifugation for nuclear waste partitioning is examined for the Accelerator Transmutation of Waste Program currently under study at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Centrifugation might have application for the separation of the LiF-BeF{sub 2} salt from heavier radioactive materials fission product and actinides in the separation of fission product from actinides, in the isotope separation of fission-product cesium before transmutation of the {sup 137}Cs and {sup 135}Cs, and in the removal of spallation product from the liquid lead target. It is found that useful chemical separations should be possible using existing materials for the centrifuge construction for all four cases with the actinide fraction in fission product perhaps as low as 1 part in 10{sup 7} and the fraction of {sup 137}CS in {sup 133}Cs being as low as a few parts in 10{sup 5}. A centrifuge cascade has the advantage that it can be assembled and operated as a completely closed system without a waste stream except that associated with maintenance or replacement of centrifuge components.

The overall goal of this program is to develop a system based on reverse-osmosis (RO) membranes that can treat oily water economically. This system will be based on the use of thin-film-composite (TFC) membranes that consist of a selective coating placed on a solvent-resistant hollow-fiber support. For this program, we plan to develop solvent-resistant hollow-fiber supports and coat them with a ``loose RO`` coating. We developed the coating, which is designated TTM, in previous work for the treatment of oily waste waters. During this reporting period, work was focused on operating the demonstration unit at a test site near Houston, Texas. During the next reporting period, we plan to prepare a draft of the final report for this program.

This report describes the results of work done during the period from March 2 through March 8, 1965 at Hanford. Discussed topics include: pressure testing of Zr-2 tubing at high temperature, Zr-Al corrosion, and poison -- target combinations.

This document reports on a series of tests to assess the proposed air sampling locations for the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) Group 5-6 exhaust stacks with respect to the applicable criteria regarding the placement of an air sampling probe. The LB-C2, LV-S1, and LB S2 exhaust stacks were tested together as a group (Test Group 5-6) because the common factor in their design is that the last significant flow disturbance upstream of the air sampling probe is a reduction in duct diameter. Federal regulations( ) require that a sampling probe be located in the exhaust stack according to the criteria of the American National Standards Institute/Health Physics Society (ANSI/HPS) N13.1-1999, Sampling and Monitoring Releases of Airborne Radioactive Substances from the Stack and Ducts of Nuclear Facilities. These criteria address the capability of the sampling probe to extract a sample that represents the effluent stream. The testing on scale models of the stacks conducted for this project was part of the River Protection Project—Waste Treatment Plant Support Program under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830 according to the statement of work issued by Bechtel National Inc. (BNI, 24590-QL-SRA-W000-00101, N13.1-1999 Stack Monitor Scale Model Testing and Qualification, Revision 1, 9/12/2007) and …

A summary is presented of work leading to the design of a subcritical facility for the study of fast reactor blankets. Included are activities related to fuel acquisition, design of the facility, and experiment planning.

This is the final report for DOE contract DE-EE0000590. The purpose of this work was to determine the feasibility of the reduction of the reflection from the front of solar photovoltaic modules. Reflection accounts for a power loss of approximately 4%. A solar module having an area of one square meter with an energy conversion efficiency of 18% generates approximately 180 watts. If reflection loss can be eliminated, the power output can be increased to 187 watts. Since conventional thin-film anti-reflection coatings do not have sufficient environmental stability, we investigated the feasibility of ion beam modification of the glass surface to obtain reduction of reflectance. Our findings are generally applicable to all solar modules that use glass encapsulation, as well as commercial float glass used in windows and other applications. Ion implantation of argon, fluorine, and xenon into commercial low-iron soda lime float glass, standard float glass, and borosilicate glass was studied by implantation, annealing, and measurement of reflectance. The three ions all affected reflectance. The most significant change was obtained by argon implantation into both low-iron and standard soda-lime glass. In this way samples were formed with reflectance lower than can be obtained with a single-layer coatings of magnesium …

A design is proposed for mounting a large number of straw tubes to form an SSC central tracking chamber. The assembly is precise and of very low mass. The fabrication is modular and can be carried out with a minimum of tooling and instrumentation. Testing of modules is possible prior to the final assembly. 4 figs.