Explored are concerns related to proper safety, acceptable practices, and consumer protection as related to woodburning. Issues relating to safety and efficiency testing are discussed and the implications of these programs for the manufacturer, dealer and distributor are related. Also, consumer related problems regarding truth in advertising, product safety, building codes and standards, and insurance implications are dealt with. (LEW)

In pyrolytic graphite, PG, the X-ray scattering from a Bragg reflection is all Compton modified radiation. A comparison of direct measurements shows that the Compton fraction in the scattering from disordered carbons, e.g., glassy carbon, can be calculated from measurements on PG and the adsorption coefficient of the disordered carbon.

In 1975, negotiations were initiated with two major resource developers toward initiating power plant projects at three of the Imperial Valley resource areas, Brawley, Salton Sea and Heber. The projects at Brawley and Salton Sea are substantially different from that at Heber in objective, size and design. The reasons for these differences are related to the different nature of the geothermal brines and to different operating philosophies of the resource developers involved. The projects at Brawley and Salton Sea include the construction and operation by Edison of 10 MW (gross) units. The contracts with the field developer for these resources are such that Edison will purchase steam. It is, therefore, the developer's responsibility to drill and complete the geothermal production and injection wells, and to construct and operate the steam separators and flash vessels, brine processing equipment, injection pumps, and steam scrubbing equipment. These units are 10 MW rather than 50 to 100 MW due to the technical risks associated with producing, handling and injecting the very high salinity brines at these locations. In addition, the reliability of turbine operation with relatively impure steam is a major concern. The Heber plant, on the other hand, will utilize a much cleaner …

Separate abstracts were prepared for five papers. Two papers were abstracted previously for EDB. Five panel responses to the project, three workshop session summaries, and conclusions drawn are also included in this report. (MHR)

A literature review has been performed summarizing studies on hydrocarbon synthesis by microorganisms. Certain algal and bacterial species produce hydrocarbons in large quantities, 70 to 80% of dry cell mass, when in a controlled environment. The nutritional requirements of these organisms are simple: CO/sub 2/ and mineral salts. The studies were initiated to determine whether or not microorganisms played a role in petroleum formation. 90 references. (DMC)

The operating conditions of the magnets including temperature and radiation fields are discussed. Comments were made on the nuclear heating. Components of the magnet system, including the materials used, the important properties, the atomic structure, the damage mechanism, and the effects of room temperature warmup are described. Some failure criteria for the various components are suggested. Available data concerning radiation effects on each component are discussed. Their radiation sensitivities are compared using the conditions calculated for the ETF toroidal field magnet inboard leg, and ranked in order of sensitivity. Comments were made on the implications of this ranking for the directions of future applied materials research.

Applications of the Monte Carlo method have been summarized relevant to neutron streaming problems of interest in the shield design for the FMIT Facility. An improved angular biasing method has been implemented to further optimize the calculation of streaming and this method has been applied to calculate streaming within a double bend pipe.

A review of the present status of light water reactor (LWR) safety is presented. The review starts with a brief discussion of the outstanding accident scenarios concerning LWRs. Where possible the areas of present technological uncertainties are stressed. To provide a better perspective of reactor safety, it then reviews the probabilistic assessment of the outstanding LWR accidents considered in the Reactor Safety Study (WASH-1400) and discusses the potential impact of the present technological uncertainties on WASH-1400.

Categorization supports decision making and lets an analyst look at data from different perspectives and different levels of detail. An approach to data analysis is described in which membership in subjectively defined categories is modeled by the fuzzy nature of color categories and presented by means of computer graphics for visual inspection by the analyst. 3 figures.

The task of surveying and aligning the components of PEP has provided an opportunity to develop new instruments and techniques for the purpose of high precision surveys. The new instruments are quick and easy to use, and they automatically encode survey data and read them into the memory of an on-line computer. When measurements of several beam elements have been taken, the on-line computer analyzes the measured data, compares them with desired parameters, and calculates the required adjustments to beam element support stands.

Sediment and tissues from different marine organisms recently collected atolls of the Marshall Islands have been found to contain measurable amounts of /sup 113m/Cd previously deposited to the atolls during the testing of nuclear devices at the Pacific Proving Grounds. /sup 113m/Cd has been also detected in some internal organs of mullet collected from the east coast of the United States in an area contaminated only with global fallout debris. This is one of the few summaries to show that this long-lived radionuclide (T/sub 1/2/ = 14.6 yr) exists and persists in the marine environment. It is the dominant anthropogenic radionuclide in the liver of some pelagic fish from Bikini and Enewetak Atolls and is found concentrated in other tissues and organs of all fish analyzed. Dose to man from /sup 113m/Cd ingestion is being assessed at the Marshall Islands and should be done at any other global site where contamination by this radionuclide is suspected in the aquatic environment.

The two volumes of this report incorporate all lectures and presentations at the International Training Course on Nuclear Materials Accountability and Control for Safeguards Purposes, held May 27-June 6, 1980, at the Bishop's Lodge near Santa Fe, New Mexico. The course, authorized by the US Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act and sponsored by the US Department of Energy in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency, was developed to provide practical training in the design, implementation, and operation of a National system of nuclear materials accountability and control that satisfies both National and IAEA International safeguards objectives. Volume I, covering the first week of the course, presents the background, requirements, and general features of material accounting and control in modern safeguard systems. Volume II, covering the second week of the course, provides more detailed information on measurement methods and instruments, practical experience at power reactor and research reactor facilities, and examples of operating state systems of accountability and control.

Ways of experimentally testing the intermediate vector boson masses calculated from the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model in Su(5) are discussed. 12 figures, 22 refs. (GHT)

Three problems are considered: (1) the sensitivity of the total kinematic viscosity, ..nu..{sub t}, and the flowing enthalpy, h{sub f}, to variations in the relative permeability functions; (2) the determination of ..nu..{sub t} and h/sub f/ from well-test data, following which a method is suggested to use these results together with theoretical plots of the relative permeability functions versus h{sub f} to deduce the general shape of the relative permeability functions; and (3) the effect of the relative permeability functions on the pressure decline and flowing enthalpy build-up during a constant rate production test. (MHR)

Simulation of the transient evolution of a cold hydrothermal system into a steady-state partially vapor-dominated system is described. Here the effects of salts and gases were neglected and it was assumed that rock properties are time independent and homogeneous within each part of the system. Despite these simplifications it is believed that the model demonstrates the essential features of a natural hydrothermal convection system. (MHR)

Stress concentration factors (SCF) due to geometric discontinuities in graphite specimens are observed to be much less than the theoretical SCF in an elastic material. In fact, the experimental SCF is always less than two and sometimes even less than one. A four parameter Weibull theory which recognizes the grain size effect is found to give an adequate explanation of the above observed discrepancies.

Information about the past and present concentrations of CO/sub 2/ in the atmosphere and variations in climate can be obtained from measurements of stable isotopes in tree rings; specifically carbon-13, oxygen-18 and deuterium. The analysis of these stable isotopes in tree rings is a relatively new and rapidly developing field. This proceedings volume contains most of the papers presented at the meeting. The first paper gives an overview of the status of carbon-13 research. Papers relating to carbon-13 are in section I and grouped separately from the contributions on carbon-14. Although the meeting was primarily concerned with stable isotopes, all carbon isotopic analysis may be helpful in understanding the carbon-13 record in tree rings. The papers on hydrogen and oxygen isotope studies are in sections II and III respectively. The remaining sections contain papers that consider more than one isotope at a time, general topics related to isotopes, atmospheric changes and tree growth, and methods of isotopic analysis.

Abstracts of individual items from the symposium were prepared separately for the data base. (GHT)

Equations of state for nuclear matter and ongoing experimental studies are discussed. Relativistic heavy ion physics is the only opportunity to study in the laboratory the properties of extended multiquark systems under conditions such that quarks might run together into new arrangements previously unobserved. Several lines of further study are mentioned. (GHT)

An older home in St. Louis had 2 inch foam insulation added to the outside of masonry walls with stucco exterior finish applied. The south wall was modified so that there is a gross solar collection area of 26.2 m/sup 2/, with 13.2 m/sup 2/ of greenhouse, 8.6 m/sup 2/ of direct gain and 4.4 m/sup 2/ of Trombe components. The performance of the building and its data acquisition system are described. (MHR)

In the corrosion of mild, low alloy and stainless steel in elevated temperature in-situ oil shale retorting environments is being investigated. The catastrophic oxidation-sulfidation attack that can occur in in-situ retorts is documented for a thermowell consisting of a mild steel pipe protecting a stainless steel sheathed thermocouple assembly. The behavior of metals under a number of varying conditions such as service temperature, type of shale and oil content of shale is presented. The potential of coatings on mild steel to extend its service range into shale retorting environments has been determined for pack aluminide type coatings.

Studies with ultrarelativistic heavy ions combine aspects of cosmic ray physics, particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics and cosmogenesis. The leading theoretical concerns are the behavior of matter at very high-energy density and flux, the general behavior of space time in collisions, relativistic nuclear theory, and quantum chromodynamics. The field has developed over a period of more than thirty years, since the first observation of heavy nuclei in cosmic rays and the major developments of understanding of high-energy collisions made by Fermi and Landau in the early fifties. In the late sixties the discovery of the parton content of nucleons was rapidly followed by a great extension of high-energy collision phenomenology at the CERN ISR and subsequent confirmation of the QCD theory. In parallel the study of p-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at very high energies, especially at the CERN PS, Fermilab and the Bevalac, and in cosmic rays demonstrated that studies involving the nucleus opened up a new dimension in studies of the hadronic interaction. It is now at a high level of interest on an international scale, with major new accelerators being proposed to dedicate to this kind of study.

The value of thermal storage for three solar industrial process heat systems has been determined for storage capacities of 3 to 4000 hours. The dominant source of storage value is backup fuel savings with additional value derived from increased capital equipment utilization and elimination. A computer simulation was used to model the operation of the solar IPH system and predict the amount of fuel saved by heat delivered from storage. Sensitivity of storage value to process temperature, collector cost, load profile, insolation, and storage efficiency have been calculated. Storage values ranged from near zero to as high as $42/kWh of storage capacity.

Oil- and gas-supply modeling may not only generate forecasts on a stand-alone basis, but may provide input data and assumptions to large-scale, long-range integrated energy economy models. In such a framework, parameters that may not have seemed especially crucial in the stand-alone formulation may be found to have an unexpectedly great influence on the results. Additionally, it may become necessary to incorporate considerations that are usually omitted from conventional oil- and gas-supply models; this paper discusses two such examples: the decline rate, or more generally the production profile, and the treatment of resource exhaustion. This investigation arose in connection with a project for the Energy Information Administration (EIA). One part of the project was to incorporate the assumptions and input data of EIA's Midterm Oil and Gas Modeling System (MOGSMS) into EIA's Long-Term Energy-Analysis Program (LEAP). Two important areas for oil- and gas-supply model development and data collection are representation of the decline rate or production schedule from reserves, and the treatment of resource depletion including the subeconomic resource base and enhanced recovery. Both aspects receive relatively little attention in oil- and gas-supply models, but play key roles when the assumptions of these models are integrated into a long-term model …