The lowest mesons made up of a light quark and a strange quark produced from a K beam show a good agreement with expectations of the quark model. This good agreement leads to the prediction of the light isoscalar and isovector states and the isoscalar s{bar s} states. Except for one mystery The X(1590) the 2{sup ++} states seems to be well described by the expected ideally mixed q{bar q} states up to 2. 0 GeV. Above 2.0 GeV a new degree of freedom seems to be excited with respect to the breakdown of the OZI rule in production of 2{sup ++} resonances that decay into {phi}{phi}. This is to be contrasted with the situation for the O{sup ++} isoscalar states which seems to show a new degree of freedom for its mesons in its ground state. One might conclude that since the O{sup ++} glueball is predicted by lattice calculations to be degenerate with the s{bar s} O{sup ++} meson, that the very unusual assortment of isoscalar O{sup ++} mesons are due to glueball mixing.

Sandia National Laboratories has completed a requirements study for a networked mass storage system. The areas of user functionality, network connectivity, and performance were analyzed to determine specifications for a Network Storage Service to operate in supercomputer environment. 4 refs.

The most important attribute of a chemical contaminant at a hazardous-wastes site for decision makers to consider with regard to its cleanup is the potential risk associated with human exposure. For this reason we have developed a strategy for establishing a risk-based cleanup criterion for chemicals in soil. We describe this strategy by presenting a cleanup criterion for tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in soil associated with a representative California landscape. We being by discussing the environmental fate and transport model, developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), that we used to predict the equilibrium concentration of PCE in five environmental media from a steady-state source in soil. Next, we explain the concept and application of pathway-exposure factors (PEFs), the hazard index, and cancer-potency factors (CPFs) for translating the predicted concentrations of PCE into estimated potential hazard or risk for hypothetically exposed individuals. Finally, the relationship between concentration and an allowable level of risk is defined and the societal and financial implications are discussed. 22 refs., 6 tabs.

The Advanced Light Source (ALS), now under construction at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, is a third-generation synchrotron radiation facility based on a low-emittance, 1.5-GeV electron storage ring with 10 long straight sections available for insertion devices and, initially, 24 bend-magnet ports. Undulators will provide high-brightness radiation at photon energies from below 10 eV to above 2 keV; wiggler and bend-magnet radiation will extend the spectral coverage with high fluxes to above 10 keV. Scheduled to begin operations as a US Department of Energy national user facility in the spring of 1993, the ALS will support an extensive research program in which soft x-ray and ultraviolet radiation is used to study matter in all its varied gaseous, liquid, and solid forms. Participating research teams to implement the initial scientific program have been selected. 13 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

Motivated by the recent developments in the cyclotron resonance upscattering of soft photons or CUSP model of Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) continuum spectra, we revisit a select database of GRBs with credible cyclotron absorption features. We measure the break energy of the continuum, the slope below the break and deduce the soft photon energy or the electron beam Lorentz factor cutoff. We study the correlation (or lack of) between various parameters in the context of the CUSP model. One surprise result is that there appears to be marginal correlation between the break energy and the spectral index below the break. 20 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.

A photoacoustic spectrometer, equipped with an 85 meter optical fiber, was used to perform absorption measurements of lanthanide and actinide samples, located in a glovebox. The spectrometer was tested using aqueous solutions of praseodymium and americium ions; the sensitivity for remote measurements was found to be similar to that achieved in the laboratory without the fiber. 14 refs., 3 figs.

For the HERA luminosity upgrade two types of compact multifunction superconducting magnets, denoted GO and GG, are needed for installation inside the existing ZEUS and Hl experimental detectors in the year 2000. These magnets contain multiple concentric coil layers organized into independently powered quadrupole, dipole, skew quadrupole and skew dipole coil windings. Production of the first of three GO magnets using a newly constructed coil winding machine is currently in progress at BNL. The GG design is being completed and parallel production at BNL of three GG units will start soon. In this paper we highlight HERA upgrade magnet design challenges, present our production solutions and relate experience and results gained from warm and cold testing of short model magnets.

The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) is located in southeastern Idaho in the USA. The primary mission since the laboratory was founded in 1949 has been nuclear reactor research. Fifty-two reactors have been built and operated on the INEEL. Other principal activities at the laboratory have been reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. Low-level radioactive waste generated on site and mixed and transuranic waste from the Rocky Flats plutonium processing facility in Colorado has been disposed on the INEEL at the Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC). Waste disposal at the RWMC began in 1952 with shallow land burial in pits and trenches. The INEEL was placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1989. The resulting environmental assessments of the potential negative health impacts of disposed waste at the RWMC have required the use of predictive numerical simulations. A petroleum reservoir simulator called TETRAD was modified for use in simulating environmental flow and transport. Use of this code has allowed the complex subsurface stratigraphy to be simulated, including an extensive region of unsaturated fractured basalt. Dual continual simulation approaches have been used to assess combined aqueous- and gaseous-phase transport of volatile organic compounds as well as dissolved-phase transport of …

Energetic K and L Auger electrons produced by focussed, filtered, broad-band synchrotron radiation have been measured at the x-ray ring of the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). The x-ray beam was used to study inner-shell photoionization of Ne and Ar gas and Fe and Cu solid film targets. The Auger electrons were analyzed by means of a semi-hemispherical electrostatic electron spectrometer at the energy resolution of {approximately} 3 %. The electrons were detected at both 90{degree} and 0{degree} with respect to the photon beam direction. Broad distributions of the inner-shell photoelectrons were also observed, reflecting the incoming photon flux distribution. The Fe and Cu K Auger electron spectra were found to be very similar to the Ar K Auger electron spectra. This was expected, since deep inner-shell Auger processes are not affected by the outer valence electrons. Above 3 keV in electron energy, there have been few previous Auger electron measurements. 2 figs., 13 refs.

We have developed instrumentation capable of measuring optical absorption spectra over a wavelength range of 200--1200 nm and a temperature range of 20--100{degree}C. This fiber-optic based spectrometer generates data which allow the computation of metal-ligand equilibrium constants. Studies at five temperatures have been completed using praseodymium-diglycolate as a model system. Fundamental thermodynamic values (free energies, enthalpies, entropies) were obtained from the experimentally-determined stability constants. Thermodynamic data pertinent to the interactions of actinides and long-lived fission products with groundwater, waste package components, and geologic media are critical input to modeling programs. 9 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.

At the same time we experimentally reproduced the plasma conditions expected within the NIF using plasmas produced by the Nova laser. The plasmas were created by irradiating a thin walled gas balloon or a sealed hohlraum containing of order one atmosphere of a low-Z gas (e.g. C{sub 5}H{sub 12}, C{sub 5}D{sub 12} or CO{sub 2}). When the gas is ionized and heated the resultant plasmas are homogeneous, and of high density ({approximately}10{sup 21} electron/cm{sup 3}) and temperature ({approximately}3 keV) with large scale density scale lengths ({approximately}2 mm). Nine of the Nova beams were used to produce the plasma, the tenth beam was configured as an interaction beam that was sent through the performed plasma after a delay of order 500 psec. The SRS and SBS scattered from the plasma, together with the effects of the plasma on the transmitted beam, were studied as a function of the interaction beam intensity, beam smoothing and plasma constituents. The interaction beam was smoothed by using radon phase plates (RPPs), and 4 different colors within the f/8 beam to mimic the NIF laser architecture. The 4-color set-up divided the f/8 beam in to 4 separate quadrants each of which had its wavelength shifted relative …

Princeton University`s Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) is a world leader in research associated with plasma science including the use of materials, the development of future fusion devices, and the application of plasma techniques in industry. At PPPL, one of Quality Assurance`s responsibilities includes the internal audit/appraisal program. In early FY95 a task force, including representation from internal customers, was created to improve the program and to assure that the program better supports the mission of the Laboratory. One of the most significant changes recommended by the task force was to move from a compliance based auditing program to a performance based program. A trial of this change was successfully performed in fiscal year 1995. Because of the success of the trial, this change was adopted as standard practice. Today, a scheduled audit may be performance based, compliance based, or a combination of the two as determined jointly by the Quality Assurance Manager and the management of the program to be audited. This paper discusses the similarities and differences between these two types of audits. Both audits are performed to effect improvements in the program being audited. However, compliance based audits focus on compliance issues with the risk of missing performance …

Clean up of the toxic legacy of the Cold War is projected to be the most expensive domestic project the nation has yet undertaken. Remediation of the Department of Energy and Department of Defense toxic waste sites alone are projected to cost {approximately}$1 trillion over a 20-30 year period. New, cost effective technologies are needed to attack this enormous problem. Los Alamos has put together a cross-divisional team of scientist to develop science based bioremediation technology to work toward this goal. In the team we have expertise in: (1) molecular, ecosystem and transport modeling; (2) genetic and protein engineering; (3) microbiology and microbial ecology; (4) structural biology; and (5) bioinorganic chemistry. This document summarizes talks at a workshop of different aspects of bioremediation technology including the following: Introducing novel function into a Heme enzyme: engineering by excavation; cytochrome P-450: ideal systems for bioremediation?; selection and development of bacterial strains for in situ remediation of cholorinated solvents; genetic analysis and preparation of toluene ortho-monooxygenase for field application in remediation of trichloroethylene; microbial ecology and diversity important to bioremediation; engineering haloalkane dehalogenase for bioremediation; enzymes for oxidative biodegradation; indigenous bacteria as hosts for engineered proteins; performance of indigenous bacterial, hosting engineered proteins …

Reconfiguration of the CMR Building and TA-55 Plutonium Facility for mission requirements will require the disposal or recycle of 200--300 gloveboxes or open front hoods. These gloveboxes and open front hoods must be decontaminated to meet discharge limits for Low Level Waste. Gloveboxes and open front hoods at CMR have been painted. One of the deliverables on this project is to identify the best method for stripping the paint from large numbers of gloveboxes. Four methods being considered are the following: conventional paint stripping, dry ice pellets, strippable coatings, and high pressure water technology. The advantages of each technology will be discussed. Last, cost comparisons between the technologies will be presented.

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in conjunction with the Energetic Materials Center ( a partnership of Lawrence Livermore and Sandia National Laboratories), is developing methods for the safe and environmentally sound destruction of explosives and propellants as a part of the Laboratory`s ancillary demilitarization mission. As a result of the end of the Cold War and the shift in emphasis to a smaller stockpile, many munitions, both conventional and nuclear, are scheduled for retirement and rapid dismantlement and demilitarization. Major components of these munitions are the explosives and propellants, or energetic materials. The Department of Energy has thousands of pounds of energetic materials which result from dismantlement operations at the Pantex Plant. The Department of Defense has several hundred million pounds of energetic materials in its demilitarization inventory, with millions more added each year. In addition, there are vast energetic materials demilitarization inventories world-wide, including those in the former Soviet Union and eastern Bloc countries. Although recycling and reusing is the preferred method of dealing with these surplus materials, there will always be the necessity of destroying intractable or unusable energetic materials. Traditionally, open bum/open detonation (OB/OD) has been the method of choice for the destruction of energetic materials. Public …

Frequently, velocimeter targets are illuminated by a laser beam passing through a hole in a mirror. This mirror is responsible for diverting returning light from a target lens to a velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR). This mirror is often a significant distance from the target lens. Consequently, at certain target focus positions the returning light is strongly vignetted by the hole, causing a loss of signal. The authors find that they can prevent loss of signal and greatly increase the useful depth of focus by attaching a cylindrical lens to the target lens.

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Energetic K and L Auger electrons produced by focussed, filtered, broad-band synchrotron radiation have been measured at the x-ray ring of the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). The x-ray beam was used to study inner-shell photoionization of Ne and Ar gas and Fe and Cu solid film targets. The Auger electrons were analyzed by means of a semi-hemispherical electrostatic electron spectrometer at the energy resolution of [approximately] 3 %. The electrons were detected at both 90[degree] and 0[degree] with respect to the photon beam direction. Broad distributions of the inner-shell photoelectrons were also observed, reflecting the incoming photon flux distribution. The Fe and Cu K Auger electron spectra were found to be very similar to the Ar K Auger electron spectra. This was expected, since deep inner-shell Auger processes are not affected by the outer valence electrons. Above 3 keV in electron energy, there have been few previous Auger electron measurements. 2 figs., 13 refs.