Whence came life on the surface of the earth? Whether or not a complete answer to this question may be found within the context, and content, of modern science, may be a moot question. It is our purpose to see how far we can devise an answer, and how satisfactory it may be, within that context. We trace a path from the primitive molecules of the primeval earth's atmosphere condensed from space through the random formation of more or less complex organic molecules, using the available energy sources of ultraviolet light, ionizing radiation or atmospheric electrical discharge, through the selective formation of complex organic molecules via autocatalysis, finally, to the informatiion-transmitting molecule which is capable of self-reproduction and variation. In addition, somewhere, either during the course of this Chemical Evolution, or perhaps succeeding it, a system has been evolved in which the concentration of the reaction materials was retained in a relatively small volume of space, leading to the formation of cellular structures. Man is about to send back into space some bits of the dust from whence it originally came, It is thus not only timely but more significant than ever before to ask again the question: What are …

The purpose of this project is to provide instrumentation at B, C, D, F, H,, KE, and KW Reactors that will (1) indicate front-to-rear differential pressure to assure process water flow in each group of tubes fed by a crossheader, and (2) actuate an alarm in the event of unsafe low flow conditions. The scope of this work consists of the installation of tubing from the rear and front crossheaders to differential pressure instruments on the front face; the provision of a signal panel and alarm horn on the front elevator; and the provision of a lead to the annunciator in the control room.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Will Wilson, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Whether value of property previously subjected to death taxes in another State on death of prior decedent may be deducted in computing inheritance taxes.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Will Wilson, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: The authority of the Secretary of State to approve a charter for corporations having as their purpose the issuance of bail bonds.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Will Wilson, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Is the Commissioners' Court authorized to levy an ad valorem tax upon all taxable property within Orange County for the purpose of establishing a general fund to be used for the maintenance, upkeep, repairs and additions to the improvements of the Orange County Conservation and Reclamation District without first causing an election to be held for the purpose of establishing a rate in accordance with the provisions of Article 8013, Texas Revised Civil Statues, 1925?

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Will Wilson, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Office under which candidate's name should be printed on the general election ballot where he has been certified as the nominee of a political party for the office of county commissioner and the office of county clerk.

On June 6, 1958, KW Operations had HCR Channel No. 16 borescoped to determine why this rod could not be inserted on May 3. Observations revealed 3X balls in the channel and horizontal separation between graphite blocks ranging from 1/2 inch to 2 1/4 inch. The separations were noted only in the first fifteen feet in from the outer skin and in the last five feet of the channel. As a result of these findings and past operational difficulties with certain HCR`s at both KE and KW Reactors, a program of measurements is in progress to determine the extent and causes of the stack displacements. From measurements and observations so far obtained, the following conclusions may be drawn about separations at locations of consequence to the loss of 3X balls from channels: Side to side horizontal separations totaling two to three inches have been observed at both reactors. The significant separations lie outside of the VSR pattern and in the lower half of the stack. The VSR pattern does not include the six outer ball 3X channels. There are probably a few small separations (< 1/2 inch) at the outer VSR`s. There are probably no separations large enough to admit …

A convenient method was developed for the ultracentrifugal analysis of all classes of serum lipoproteins which requires a minimum of time, work and materials. The method utilizes the principle of flotation of lipoproteins in a medium of greater density than their own hydrated density. In this procedure the isolation and the analysis of lipoproteins are done in a NaBr mediumn of density 1.20 g/ml. The advantages of this procedure are compared with other available methods, and its application to studies on serum lipoprotein is discussed. (auth)

The head-end system for the ARE salt was tested with barren salt and shown to be operable. Transfer of the final batch of salt by gravity flow from the bold tank was shown to be feasible with a redesigned feed salt freeze valve. The CRP trap was also redesigned but the remote dumping mechanism did not function properly. (auth)

Where local boiling can occur in a semi-open heterogeneous reactor core consisting of parallel flow channels, differences in the terms comprising the total pressure drop in the local boiling regions and in parallel adjacent regions canse flow redistribution in the reactor. This report covers the study of the effect of local boiling on the friction factor and momentum components of the total pressure drop. The local-boiling to single-phase friction factor ratio has a maximum value of 1.42 when a linear relationship is assumed between the enthalpy of the coolant and the friction factor ratio. Analytical and gaphical methods for determining the region of the core in local boiling are developed. For a cylindrical reactor core similar to the Yanke reactor core the maximum possible region of the core in which local boiling should occur would be an ellipsoid whose surface is the locus of points of local boiling. In the Yankee core the maximum possible volume in local boiling is 10.4 cubic feet and 14.4 cubic feet in the first and second parameter studies, respectively. These volumes are 4.5% and 5.5% of the total volume of the core. The nature and mechanism of local boiling is discussed and its relation …

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Data are presented on the absorption of molybdenum on activated carbon. The effect of retention time and linear flow on absorption, the use of sodium hydroxide as an eluant, and the possibility of recovering molybdenum from the caustic eluate are discussed. (auth)

Report discussing heat-transfer and pressure measurements obtained from flight testing of a model of the Titan intercontinental ballistic missile up to a specified Mach and Reynolds number. The heat-transfer coefficients were compared to theoretical results and a discrepancy was found during the accelerating portions of flight. Drag coefficients were obtained for a range of Mach numbers.

Report discussing a study of the effects of puncturing the heat shield of an intercontinental-ballistic-missile warhead by small projectiles. Calculations were created for both rod and sphere projectiles and experimental testing was performed on a missile model with holes drilled in the heat shield. The possibility that a projectile could have enough energy to cause mechanical damage to the interior of the warhead is also presented.

To be presented at Power and Industrial Div., N. Y. Section, American Institute of Electrical Engineers Meeting in New York, N.Y., on Oct. (auth)

The zirconium --iron--tin system was investigated up to the first compound in each binary system (ZrFe/sub 2/ and ZrSn) between the temperatures 500 and 1100 deg C. A careful study of the solubility of iron and tin in alphazirconium was also made betwen the temperatures 200 and 800 deg C. The alloys were prepared from ''Grade ''r iodide zirconium (as received and electron bombardment melted) and high purity iron and tin by nonconsumable-electrode are melting techiques under an inert atmosphere. Ingots were homogenized, cold worked when possible, cut or broken into small specimens, and given equilibration anneals at the prescribed temperatures, Metallographic examination of the heat treated and quenched samples was the main method of investigation- X-ray diffraction and magnetic susceptibility techniques were also employed. The results of this program are summarized in 12 partial isothermal sections. The important features of the system indicate that there is little-solubility for tin in the compound ZrFe/sub 2/ The single-phase field is believed to exist in the vicinity of 55 wt, % Fe, The compound theta appears to be a continuous phase originating at the binary compound ( Zr/sub 4/Sn) and dissolving up to about 7.5 wt. % Fe while maintaining a constant …

The first power operation of the HRE-2, referred to as Run 13, occurred in February 1958. In five days of power operation, the maximum sustained power was 1.5 Mw and the total power generated was 4B Mw-hr. During the first part of the power operation, the fuel solution contained very little internal recombination catalyst. This part of the run was characterized by high concentrations of radiolytic gas and significant loss of reactivity at very low powers. After an addition of copper and acid, reactivity losses were observed only nt higher powers. Power operation was terminated after samples showed high nickel concentrations in the fuel solution, indicating a very high stainless steel corrosion rate. Subsequent subcritical operation ended because of power wiring insulation failures. (auth)

This report focuses on the study of the stabilized pinch program made to increase the plasma temperature and improve the plasma conductivity and containment. One method proposed is the usage of a large toroidal stabilized pinch, which is described here.

This report discusses the problem of obtaining thermonuclear temperatures as part of reaching a controlled fusion reaction for fusion power. Tables covering radiation losses and thermonuclear reaction rates are included. Talk before JCAEC in Washington, D. C.

Abstract: "An absolute measurement of the 14.1-Mev (n, 2n) cross sections of Li-6 and Li-7 has been made using the large scintillator technique, resulting in cross sections in barns of 0.070 +/- 0.006 and 0.056 +/- 0.005 for Li-6 and Li-7, respectively."

This report follows ciritical-assembly studies on: the effect on reactivity caused by changes in axial reflector materials; the effect on reactivity and the power perturbation caused by fast safety control-blade guides; the effect of changes in fuel-element material composition; the effect of changes in fuel-elements spacing designed to produce uniform radial power-generation rates.

Further engineering and physics data to aid in constructing GCRE-1 were obtained in critical-assembly studies. Four major experiments were performed to investigate the effect on reactivity caused by changes in axial reflector materials, the effect on reactivity and the power perturbation caused by fast safety control-blade guides, the effect of changes in fuel-element material composition, and the effect of changes in fuel-element spacing designed to produce uniform radial power-generation rates. All studies were performed with a 4-in.-thick lead reflector at the core perimeter. Axial-reflector-material studies employed combirations of aluminum and steel reflectors. The reactivity worth of a 2 3/4-in.-thick steel reflector was +0.414% DELTA k/k compared with 0.175% DELTA k/k for a similar aluminum reflector. The perturbation in the flux distribution caused by the safety-blade guides was localized, and affected only the regions immediately adjacent to the guides. The combined reactivity worth of two guides was -0.281% DELTA k/k. Fuel-element material compositions were changed by separate additions of fuel and stainless steel. An increase in uranium loading from an average value of 303 to 404 g per element would provide, based on extrapolations from experimental data, a reactivity of about 4.5% DELTA k/k. An increase in steel from 1708 to …

Neutron multiplication measurements and theoretical calculations were made on cylindrical assemblies of graphite and plutonium disks. (auth)

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