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Leaching study of PNL 76-68 glass beads using the LLNL continuous-flow method and the PNL-modified IAEA method. Final report
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has conducted a long-term single-pass continuous-flow (SPCF) leaching test of the glass waste form PNL 76-68. Leaching rates of Np, Pu, and various stable elements were measured at 25/sup 0/ and 75/sup 0/C with three different solutions and three different flow rates. The purposes of the study were: (1) to compare SPCF leaching results with the results of a modified IAEA leach test performed by Pacific Northwest Laboratories (PNL); (2) to establish elemental leach rates and their variation with temperature, flow rate and solution composition; and (3) to gain insight into the leaching mechanisms. The LLNL and PNL leach tests yielded results which appear to agree within experimental uncertainties. The magnitude of the leach rates determined for Np and the glass matrix elements is 10/sup -5/ grams of glass/cm/sup 2/ geometric solid surface area/day. The rates increase with temperature and with solution flow rate, and are similar in brine and distilled water but higher in a bicarbonate solution. Other cations exhibit somewhat different behavior, and Pu in particular yields a much lower apparent leach rate, probably because of sorption or precipitation effects after release from the glass matrix. After the initial few days, most elements …
Date:
August 20, 1982
Creator:
Buddemeier, R. W.; Coles, D. G.; Mensing, R. W.; Rego, J. & Weed, H. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Modified Murnaghan equation of state applied to shock compression of silica, basalt, and dolomite
An equation of state previously used by the author is developed further and applied to geologic media. The equation is of the same form as the Murnaghan equation of state, but with the elastic constant terms replaced by the cohesive energy density (internal pressure), and the exponential term given as a sum of the Gruneisen parameter and the gaseous adiabatic exponent. Data for shock compression of silica, basalt, and dolomite are analyzed according to the equation.
Date:
December 20, 1965
Creator:
Rogers, L.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Summary data for U. S. commercial nuclear power plants in the United States
A compilation of data is presented for all United States commercial nuclear power plants for which a construction permit application was made through the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The data are compiled in four separate tables with cross-referencing indexes: Table 1--General Data; Table 2--Reactor Data; Table 3--Site Data, and Table 4--Circulating-Water System Data. The power plants are listed in numerical order by docket number in all four tables.
Date:
March 20, 1978
Creator:
Heddleson, F.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
THE HEAT CAPACITY OF BERYLLIUM CARBIDE POWDER IN STAINLESS STEEL CAPSULES AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE (400-1800 F)
The mean heat capacity of a sample of powdered beryllium carbide, a possible moderator material for a nuclear reactor, was determined as a function of temperature. A thin-walled stainless steel capsule containing the material was heated in an electric furnace and dropped into a water calorimeter. The following linear equation for mean heat capacity over the temperature range 50 f C-T f C as a function of temperature, T, was derived from the data by the method of least squares: C/sub p/ = 0.299 + 2.16 x 10/sup -4/ T f C el temperatures 0.005 cal gm/sup -1/( f C)/sup -1/. The numerical value of C/sub p/ expressed by this equation is also equal to the mean heat capacity in Btu lb/sup -1/( f F)/sup -1/. (auth)
Date:
April 20, 1949
Creator:
Powers, H.; Kostigen, T. & Trice, J.B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
REPORT ON GLOVE BOXES AND CONTAINMENT ENCLOSURES
Criteria and guide lines are presented for the design, construction, and operation of safe, economical, and efficient glove boxes and associated facilities based upon present conditions and anticipated changes. Comprehensive discussion of glove box materials and components, safety and fire prevention methods, health physics problems, operational considerations, and brief descriptions of AEC installations are included. (39 references) (C.H.)
Date:
June 20, 1962
Creator:
Garden, N.B. ed.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Low temperature, sulfur tolerant homogeneous catalysts for the water-gas shift reaction
The purpose of this report is to update and reorganize our recent review on homogeneous catalysis of the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) based on recent literature publications and patents. This updated version will serve as a means of selecting 10 candidate catalyst systems for use in developing effective, sulfur-tolerant, low temperature WGSR catalysts. This report discusses the variations possible in the basic chemistry associated with WGSR catalytic cycles, including basic, acidic, and neutral conditions. Then individual mechanism for specific WGSR catalyst systems are discussed. Finally, on the basis of the literature reports, a list is presented of candidate catalysts and basic systems we have chosen for study in Task 3.
Date:
January 20, 1986
Creator:
Laine, R. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Research in radiation monitoring survey instrumentation. Final report
Two low-power solid-state prototype readout units were developed, an LED display and a LCD display. This display output was in a bar-graph format, covering four-decades of information, with 10-segments per decade. The displays accept a frequency input, which is standardly available from several portable radiation-survey instruments. Both readout units will operate on two D-cell batteries (3.0 Volt), with a typical current drain requirement of 0.3 MA for the LED display and 30..mu..A for the LCD display. A wide-range electrometer circuit was also developed. The circuit covers an input current range from 10/sup -13/ A to 10/sup -8/ A. The output signal is a pulse whose frequency is directly proportional to input current. The circuit requires no high-megohm resistors, and is autoranging. Several candidate input amplifiers were analyzed and evaluated for use with the electrometer circuit.
Date:
January 20, 1978
Creator:
Blalock, T. V.; Kennedy, E. J.; Phillips, R. G. & Walker, E. W. Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fusion breeder
The fusion breeder is a fusion reactor designed with special blankets to maximize the transmutation by 14 MeV neutrons of uranium-238 to plutonium or thorium to uranium-233 for use as a fuel for fission reactors. Breeding fissile fuels has not been a goal of the US fusion energy program. This paper suggests it is time for a policy change to make the fusion breeder a goal of the US fusion program and the US nuclear energy program. The purpose of this paper is to suggest this policy change be made and tell why it should be made, and to outline specific research and development goals so that the fusion breeder will be developed in time to meet fissile fuel needs.
Date:
April 20, 1982
Creator:
Moir, Ralph W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of the response of spent fuel transports to malevolent acts
This paper describes the results of a program conducted at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) for the US Department of Energy to provide an experimental data base for more accurately assessing the radiological consequences from a hypothetical sabotage attack on a spent fuel shipping cask. The primary objectives of the program were limited to: (1) evaluating the effectiveness of selected high explosive devices (HED) in breaching full-size spent fuel casks, (2) quantifying and characterizing relevant aerosol properties of the released fuel, and (3) using the resulting experimental data to evaluate the radiological health consequences resulting from a hypothetical sabotage attack on a spent fuel shipping cask in a densely populated area. Subscale and full-scale experiments in conjunction with an analytical modeling study were performed to meet the programmatic objectives. The data from this program indicate that the Urban Studies greatly overestimated the impact of malevolent acts directed at spent fuel casks in urban environs. From that standpoint this work could be the basis of additional regulatory revisions of the NRC physical protection requirements. In a larger sense this work can also be the basis of more credible worst case analyses since it defines the actual result of an event which is …
Date:
December 20, 1983
Creator:
Sandoval, R.P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MTR Fast Neutron Flux Measurements for Cycle 146
The fast neutron fluxes in selected positions of the MTR were measured for Cycle 146. The measurements were made at the beginning, throughout, and at the end of the cycle (564 Mwd). Vertical traverses for each position monitors are shown. (auth)
Date:
March 20, 1962
Creator:
Weber, L. D. & Hogg, C. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cooling water for SSC experiments: Supplemental Conceptual Design Report (SCDR)
This paper discusses the following topics on cooling water design on the superconducting super collider; low conductivity water; industrial cooling water; chilled water systems; and radioactive water systems. (LSP)
Date:
October 20, 1989
Creator:
Doyle, R.E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ORR Operations for Period April 1960-April 1961
Conversion of the ORR from 20 to 30 Mw operating level was achieved during July 1960 after a scheduled shutdown for completion of a new cooling system. Operating time reached a high of 82% during the last quarter of 1960. The first quarter of 1961 showed an operating time of 80% despite 2 shutdowns and some additional down time to repair mechanisms associated with the shim rods. Changes were made in the south engineering test facility for GCR test loops. Detailed data taken from quarterly operational reports are included. (J.R.D.)
Date:
October 20, 1961
Creator:
Cox, J.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Review of California's geothermal-related legislative and regulatory activity through 1979. Report No. 1116
The findings of the 1977 State Geothermal Resources Task Force are divided into four main categories: well siting, power plant siting; environmental problems; and miscellaneous areas. California's 1978 legislation is described using the same categories. The key difficulties still harassing the state's geothermal industry are described including: control over air quality at the Geysers; powerplant finance; a binary cycle demonstration; federal land use decisions; and miscellaneous concerns. (MHR)
Date:
December 20, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Review of single transient oscillographic recorders with gigahertz bandwidth
In laser driven inertial confinement fusion research, at Livermore, we are diagnosing many phenomena that occur in a time frame that exceeds the capabilities of even the most advanced, present day oscillographic recording instruments. Many of the by-products of the interaction between the laser beam and fuel pellet are monitored to determine the specifics of the fusion process. By the use of appropriate detectors, we convert the information contained in the radiated by-products to electrical signals which are recorded on high bandwidth oscillographic recorders. Our present range of recording capabilities for one x-ray diagnostic measurement in use at Livermore is shown. A commonly used configuration consists of an XRD-31 x-ray detector connected to a direct access Tektronix R7912 transient digitizer using 1/2 in. diameter air dielectric coaxial cable. This configuration gives a system fwhm of approximately 335 ps. Our premier configuration, on the other hand, consists of an improved response detector and a French Thomson-CSF TSN-660 oscilloscope with a shorter length of coaxial cable (typically 20 feet). The system fwhm in this case is less than 120 ps which is our fastest oscillographic recording system at the present time.
Date:
October 20, 1982
Creator:
Campbell, D.E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
CHARACTERIZATION OF UO$sub 2$ POWDERS. Fourth Quarterly Report, July 10, 1961-October 10, 1961
Studies are described of UO/sub 2/ powders to determine the relation between properties of the powders and sinterability. The main effort during the period was devoted to correlation of the powder particle size distribution with the sintered density of pellets. The pressure applied during the green forming step of pellet production is shown to have a varied and considerable effect on ceramic particle size distribution in the pellets. (J.R.D.)
Date:
January 20, 1962
Creator:
Carpenter, J.F.; Kuhlman, C.W. & Nelson, R.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Dynamic Properties of Heterogeneous Water Reactors
The types of tests performed in SPERT-I, and the tests proposed for SPERT-II and -III, are described. These reactors are described, and factors influencing their dynamic behavior are discussed. The tests are classed as static, step, ramp, and oscillatory. The correlation between the test results and the reactor dynamic safety characteristics (stability, self-shutdown under excursion conditions, etc.) is investigated. (T.F.H.)
Date:
July 20, 1961
Creator:
Forbes, S. G. & Nyer, W. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Remote servicing features of two new mirror fusion reactors
Several general approaches to remote servicing are briefly described for the LLL Field Reversed Mirror and Tandem Mirror Fusion reactors. Remote servicing system design considerations for the blanket module are briefly discussed. (RME)
Date:
April 20, 1977
Creator:
Neef, W.S. Jr.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electrochemical photovoltaic cells/stabilization and optimization of II-VI semiconductors. First technical progress report, 15 April 1980-30 June 1980
The overall goal of this program is to provide the basis for designing a practical electrochemical solar cell based on the II-VI compound semiconductors. Emphasis is on developing new electrolyte redox systems and electrode surface modifications which will stabilize the II-VI compounds against photodissolution without seriously degrading the long-term solar response. The bulk electrode material properties are also being optimized to provide the maximum solar conversion efficiency and greatest inherent electrode stability. Factors limiting the short circuit current of the n-CdSe/methanol/ferro-ferricyanide system to 17.5 mA/cm/sup 2/ have been identified. The principal limiting factor is apparently specific adsorption of hexacyanoferrate species on the electrode surface which occurs at higher redox couple concentrations and slows the overall charge transfer process. Ion pairing also occurs, resulting in a low mass transport rate (smaller diffusion coefficients and increased solution viscosity), and probably enhances the degree of specific adsorption. Improvements in the performance of this system will require mitigation of the interactions between the redox species and the electrode surface, e.g., via electrolytes with reduced ion-pairing tendencies or the use of electrode surface films. Photoelectrochemically generated polypyrrole films have been shown to protect CdX photoanodes from dissolution while permitting electron exchange with the electrolyte. Current …
Date:
July 20, 1980
Creator:
Noufi, R.; Tench, D. & Warren, L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Temporal perspective on acid deposition research
This statement presented to the Subcommittee on Natural Resources of the US House of Representatives gives a definition of acid rain, presents new data on the regional and temporal nature of the problem, and discusses research needs. (ACR)
Date:
February 20, 1980
Creator:
Hendrey, George R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Site-specific legal and institutional analysis of the barriers to geothermal hydrothermal commercialization present at target prospects in the five Pacific Rim states
The specifics of the permitting process, land access, power plant siting, water law, and other legal or institutional barriers or conflicts are presented for each of the most highly regarded target electric prospects in the five Pacific Rim states: California, Hawaii, Alaska, Oregon, and Wasington. (MHR)
Date:
October 20, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Collector sealants and breathing. Final Report, 25 September 1978-31 December 1979
The objectives of this program were: (1) to investigate the pertinent properties of a variety of possible sealants for solar collectors and identify the most promising candidates, and (2) to study the effect of breathing in flat-plate, thermal solar collector units. The study involved two types of sealants, Class PS which includes preformed seals or gaskets and Class SC which includes sealing compounds or caulks. It was the intent of the study to obtain data regarding initial properties of candidate elastomers from manufacturers and from the technical literature and to use those sources to provide data pertaining to endurance of these materials under environmental service conditions. Where necessary, these data were augmented by experimental measurements. Environmental stresses evaluated by these measurements included elevated temperatures, moisture, ultraviolet light, ozone and oxygen, and fungus. The second major area of the work involved a study of the effects of materials used and design on the durability of solar collectors. Factors such as design, fabrication, materials of construction, seals and sealing techniques and absorber plate coatings were observed on actual field units removed from service. Such phenomena as leakage, corrosion and formation of deposits on glazing and absorber plate were noted. An evaluation of …
Date:
February 20, 1980
Creator:
Mendelsohn, M A; Luck, R M; Yeoman, F A & Navish, Jr, F W
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The MTX (Microwave Tokamak Experiment) data acquisition system
The diagnostic data from the MTX experiment is acquired and processed by an expandable, distributed, multivendor computer network. The system blends a variety of software into a coordinated, unified, and highly flexible design. Using modular software design techniques, we created a system stressing distributed processing, portability, and transparent data access. In our approach to modularity, we standardized communication interfaces between modules and separated generic tasks from machine and application-specific implementations. For flexible distributed processing, we used modular, portable software and LLNL facility that provides an interprocess communication system (IPCS) in the multivendor network. With transparent data access, any program can access data stored anywhere in the network without knowing the specific location. The computer hardware includes a DEC VAX cluster, HP workstations and HP desktop computers. We are using commercial software in addition to packages from MIT, ORNL, and LLNL. 4 refs., 4 figs.
Date:
September 20, 1989
Creator:
Butner, D. N.; Drlik, M.; Brown, M. D.; Casper, T. A.; Meyer, W. H. & Moller, J. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
State water rights law and geothermal hydrothermal commercialization in five Pacific Rim states
The water rights of the five Pacific states - California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and Hawaii - and their possible impacts on geothermal development are discussed. (MHR)
Date:
March 20, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
GENERAL STANDARDS GUIDE FOR EXPERIMENTS IN ORNL RESEARCH REACTORS
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory has three generalpurpose research reactors which accommodate testing loops, target irradiations, and beam-type experiments. Since the experiments must share common or similar facilities and utilities, be designed and fabricated by the same groups, and meet the safe safety criteria, certain standards for these have been developed. These standards deal only with those properties from which safety and economy of time and money can be maximized and do not relate to the intent of the experiment or quality of the data obtained. The necessity for, and the limitations of, the standards are discussed; and a compilation of general standards is included. (auth)
Date:
August 20, 1962
Creator:
Cagle, C.D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library