An effective Hamiltonian, with non-linear magnetic multipole terms and momentum dispersion contributions, is used to obtain the first order tune-shift results for transverse betatron motion for protons in the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). This Hamiltonian is represented in terms of action angle variables, and analytical results are obtained using symbolic algebra methods. Mathematical derivations of the transverse multipole expansion and of the transverse betatron equations, using an invariant action and curvilinear coordinates, are given in the appendices. Numerical and graphical tune-space results are given that illustrate the dependence of tune-shifts on injection amplitude and momentum spread. 10 refs., 7 figs.

Separate abstracts are prepared for twelve papers presented at the symposium. (MCW)

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a widely used method of obtaining cross-sectional views of objects. The high intensity, natural collimation, monochromaticity and energy tunability of synchrotron x-ray sources could potentially be used to provide CT images of improved quality. The advantages of these systems would be that images could be produced more rapidly with better spatial resolution and reduced beam artifacts. In addition, images, in some cases, could be acquired with elemental sensitivity. As a demonstration of the capability of such a system, CT images were obtained of four slices of an excised pig heart in which the arteries and the cardiac chambers were filled with an iodinated medium. Images were taken with incident x-rays tuned successively to energies just above and below the iodine K edge. Iodine specific images were obtained by logarithmically subtracting the low energy image data from the high energy data and then reconstructing the image. CT imaging using synchrotron radiation may become a convenient and non-destructive method of imaging samples difficult to study by other methods.

The crystal structure of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} strongly suggests that the diffusion of oxygen in this material will be highly anisotropic, with diffusion in the ab plane being much faster than diffusion parallel to the c axis, and this has been assumed in most analyses of diffusion in YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}}. The present data confirm this hypothesis; the diffusion coefficient in the ab plane is several orders of magnitude greater than the diffusion coefficient along the c axis. Some interesting artifacts of the measurement, due to this strong anisotropy, are also revealed. Oxygen exchange in polycrystalline samples of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} is discussed in terms of these results. 15 refs., 9 figs.

The dosimetry of A-bomb survivors at Hiroshima and Nagasaki is discussed in light of the new dosimetry developed in 1980 by the author. The important changes resulting from the new dosimetry are the ratios of neutron to gamma doses, particularly at Hiroshima. The implications of these changes in terms of epidemiology and radiation protection standards are discussed. (ACR)

Severely diffraction-broadened visible light images from grazing incidence optical systems are measured and analyzed using a diffraction integral model to predict slope errors and image quality at XUV wavelengths.

The diagnostic data from the MTX experiment is acquired and processed by an expandable, distributed, multivendor computer network. The system blends a variety of software into a coordinated, unified, and highly flexible design. Using modular software design techniques, we created a system stressing distributed processing, portability, and transparent data access. In our approach to modularity, we standardized communication interfaces between modules and separated generic tasks from machine and application-specific implementations. For flexible distributed processing, we used modular, portable software and LLNL facility that provides an interprocess communication system (IPCS) in the multivendor network. With transparent data access, any program can access data stored anywhere in the network without knowing the specific location. The computer hardware includes a DEC VAX cluster, HP workstations and HP desktop computers. We are using commercial software in addition to packages from MIT, ORNL, and LLNL. 4 refs., 4 figs.

Research at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) focuses on long-term geothermal power plant reliability. Past work concentrated on development of continuous high-temperature probes for monitoring process variables. PNL also completed a comprehensive handbook of brine treatment processes as they relate to injection well longevity. A recently completed study analyzed corrosion in the hydrocarbon system of a binary cycle plant. Over the two-year monitoring period, corrosion rates were less than 1 MPY in any part of the hydrocarbon system. The system was kept completely dry so the rates seem reasonable. Present projects include: (1) determination of gas breakout conditions at the Herber Binary Demonstration Plant operated by San Diego Gas and Electric Company; (2) generation of water mixing solubility data; (3) installation of prototype leak detectors at the Herber Plant; and (4) evaluation of state-of-the-art particle counters. 7 refs., 9 figs.

Waste management has reached paramount importance in recent years. The successful management of radioactive waste is a key ingredient in the successful operation of any nuclear facility. This paper discusses the options available for on-site storage of low-level radioactive waste and those options that have been selected by the Department of Energy facilities operated by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The focus of the paper is on quality assurance (QA) features of waste management activities such as accountability and retrievability of waste materials and waste packages, retrievability of data, waste containment, safety and environmental monitoring. Technical performance and careful documentation of that performance are goals which can be achieved only through the cooperation of numerous individuals from waste generating and waste managing organizations, engineering, QA, and environmental management.

The stellarator configuration can be greatly simplified when toroidal harmonics are introduced. The toroidal function satisfies Laplace's equation and together with toroidal field and vertical field, a small-aspect-ratio stellarator can be constructed with an aspect ratio as low as 3.6. This functional presentation suggests a very fast computation of particle orbits and magnetic configuration.

A variety of x-ray imaging techniques have been used to study the absorption, transport and implosion characteristics of exploding pusher microsphere targets irradiated with 1.06 ..mu..m light. Multichannel grazing incidence reflection microscopy, zone plate coded imaging and spatially resolved x-ray spectroscopy have observed the thermal and suprathermal x-ray emission associated with these phenomena. A second generation of x-ray imaging devices, designed for forthcoming high density implosion experiments, including axisymmetric x-ray microscopes and 1- and 2-D crystal line imaging devices, will also be briefly discussed.

Gamma scanning measurements revealed that the axial power profile in these test trains was more peaked than expected based on pretest calculations and critical facility measurements. These results implied that the thermal flux incident on the test assembly was greater than expected, which was manifested in highly skewed and extensive fuel melting zones in the outer pin fuel pellets. Observations indicated that the extent of fuel melting near the midplane exceeded 90% of the pellet radius in some of the outer fuel pins toward the end of the overpower transient, with penetration of molten fuel to the cladding inner surface. It is postulated that this extensive fuel melting and penetration combined with bowing-induced high temperature oscillations to produce the initial disruptive failure in an outer pin at the midplane. Subsequent failure events were induced by the inrush of argon fill gas following rupture of the fluted duct tube. Up to one-third of the total fuel inventory was expelled from the test pin bundle into the coolant channels, with substantial upward sweepout of the ejected fuel noted in the post-test examination. The overall nature of the failure event was judged to be relatively nonviolent, based largely on the survival of unclad, …

For quality assurance of the dynamic response spectrum analysis, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) recommends retaining all modes below the cutoff frequency at which the spectral acceleration (S/sub a/) returns to the peak zero period acceleration (ZPA). It also suggests that modes accounting for at least 90 percent of the structural masses be included in the analysis. A simple frame-type structure is generated as a baseline frame. Then groups of oscillators representing substructure are added onto the frame to study substructure behavior. A base case is established for each frame by including the specific number of modes used. The tests are conducted by incrementing the number of modes in the response spectrum analyses starting with one mode. The structural response of each modal increment is compared with the base case to identify the efficiency of mode selection method. All three methods are then applied to the MFTF-B Axicell Vacuum Vessel. The responses in critical components of the vessel, such as hangers and foundations, will be analyzed to confirm the accuracy of the selected method.

CR-39 was obtained from American Acrylics and Plastics, Inc. (A.A), N. E. Technology, Ltd. (N.E), and Tech/Ops Landauer, Inc. (LT). The dosemeters were exposed to radioisotopic neutron sources at SLAC, and moderated {sup 252}Cf at ORNL. The A.A. and N.E. dosemeters were electrochemically etched (pre-etch in 6.5 N KOH at 60{degrees}C for 1 hour and 45 minutes, a 5 hour etch at 3000 V and 60 Hz, a 23 minute blow-up step at 2 kHz and a post-etch for 15 minutes). Track densities were determined with the Homann Track Size Image Analyzer. The LT dosemeters were chemically etched in 5.5 N NaOH at 70{degrees}C for 15.5 hours. Some A.A., N.E., and LT dosemeters were etched in 6.25 N NaOH at 70{degrees}C for 6 hours. A pre-etch step in 60% methanol and 40% NaOH at 70{degrees}C for 1 hour was added for some N.E. dosemeters. The results of these studies are reported in this paper. 3 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.

The formation, composition, and propagation of KrF laser-produced plasmas from Y{sub 1}Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x} have been studied with emphasis on topics relevant to film growth by pulsed-laser deposition. Spatially and temporally resolved, high-resolution optical absorption and emission spectroscopy, fast ion probes, and fast photography (obtained with a gated, image-intensified CCD array detector (ICCD)) are employed to investigate both emitting and non-emitting species in the laser plume as well as the overall shape and propagation of the laser plasma in background gases of oxygen and xenon. Transient optical absorption spectroscopy is applied to study the composition of the plume of ejected material from the dense layer near the target surface to distances of several centimeters. Optical absorption persists long after the decay of plasma fluorescence, indicating a slower component to plume transport. The absorption of YO formed by YBCO ablation in vacuum and by-yttrium ablation in oxygen is presented. Fast electric ion probes are utilized to measure velocities and total collected charge of the positive ions in the expanding YBCO laser plasma from near-threshold, vacuum conditions into the high fluence, background gas conditions utilized for thin-film growth. The exponential attenuation of the positive ion flux transmitted through 50--300 mTorr background …

Recent work in the field of probability density estimation has included the introduction of some new methods, such as the polynomial and spline methods and the nearest neighbor method, and the study of asymptotic properties in depth. This earlier work is summarized here. In addition, the computational complexity of the various algorithms is analyzed, as are some simulations. The object is to compare the performance of the various methods in small samples and their sensitivity to change in their parameters, and to attempt to discover at what point a sample is so small that density estimation can no longer be worthwhile. (RWR)

Modifications are described to upgrade the neutral-beam power supply for the TMX from 40 kV, 10 ms to 40 kV, 25 ms. The redesign of the accel and suppressor power supplies to achieve separation of the high-voltage and control sections, operation of the arc pulse lines in series, operation of the arc pulse lines in a noisy environment with SCR trigger and crowbar, and modifications to the electrolytic storage banks are discussed.

I see three main trends in the use of general purpose computers in real time. The first is more processing power. The second is the use of higher speed interconnects between computers (allowing more data to be delivered to the processors). The third is the use of larger programs running in the computers. Although there is still work that needs to be done, I believe that all indications are that the online need for general purpose computers should be available for the SCC and LHC machines. 2 figs.

Sandia National Laboratories has completed a requirements study for a networked mass storage system. The areas of user functionality, network connectivity, and performance were analyzed to determine specifications for a Network Storage Service to operate in supercomputer environment. 4 refs.

A review is given of the physics accessible at a very high energy hadron-hadron collider. Emphasis is placed on the reliability of the predicted rates, and upon the energy and luminosity required to explore new physics options. 38 refs., 19 figs.

The elements of the environment relating to transportation and handling include temperature, solar radiation, precipitation, humidity, pressure, shock, and vibration. While each of these deserves consideration, the latter two, shock and vibration, are perhaps the least understood. The report discusses all of these elements, but concentrates largely on shock and vibration. Emphasis is upon the necessity of understanding both the product and the environment. To that end, descriptions of the environment which have been derived statistically are discussed. Land, sea, and air transport are considered. Current knowledge of the handling environment is indicated.

The combination of wiggler, electron beam, and optical beam produces not only gain, but also refractive effects. These effects have been modeled for an oscillator configuration with a simple prism and lens. An instability is found to occur whenever the focal strength of the electron beam is sufficiently large. An estimate has been made of the magnitude of these effects and we present a discussion of the likely consequences.

Conditions for the stable propagation of a pinched electron beam in low pressure gas (p approximately 0.1 to 100 torr) are described. The observed window of good propagation around p approximately 2 torr air is interpreted as the quenching of the two-stream mode by sufficiently high plasma density and collision frequency, and the simultaneous suppression of the resistive hose mode by sufficiently rapid generation of electrical conductivity from breakdown ionization.

Results presented during sessions B5 to 7 at the XXth International Conference on High Energy Physics (University of Wisconsin, Madison, July 17 to 23, 1980) are discussed. Essentially all the material presented is summarized. The sessions covered various aspects of low-energy weak interactions. The following topics are addressed: CP-invariance violation, high-statistics study of ..lambda.. beta decay, parity violation in proton-nucleus scattering at 6 GeV/c, new results on the tau, charm particle decays (direct lifetime determinations, semileptonic branching ratios, comparison of semileptonic rate with theoretical expectations, further study of charm meson decays, F decays), and neutrino oscillations. 6 figures, 9 tables. (RWR)