The papers presented at the Conference cover a wide range of important issues in software engineering and management. They indicate a trend toward more use of commercial systems and standards. This trend will likely have a significant influence on plans for future systems.

The main objective of the DOE/GD-funded Geothermal Reservoir Technology Program at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory is the development and testing of new and improved methods and tools needed by industry in its effort to delineate, characterize, evaluate, and exploit hydrothermal systems for geothermal energy. This paper summarizes the recent and ongoing field, laboratory, and theoretical research activities being conducted as part of the Geothermal Reservoir Technology Program. 28 refs., 4 figs.

New materials and developments in the field of advanced composites have created the opportunity to take a fresh look into the design of the cryogenic supports for SSC collider dipole cryostats. Although the present reentrant post design meets the structural and thermal requirements, its assembly requires precision and proficiency. The objective of the proposed alternate concept is to reduce the overall cost of the support post by means of simplifying and optimizing its component design and assembly process. The present shrink fitted tube assembly may potentially be replaced by injection molded parts. New resin systems with lower thermal conductivity and high strength properties enable the utilization of automated production techniques such as injection molding and filament winding. This paper will provide analysis and design information for the alternate support post concept and compare its test performance and cost to the present support post. 3 refs., 12 figs., 4 tabs.

Results on vector meson, and strange and charmed-baryon production are presented for data taken during the period 1982--1986 using the TPC/2{gamma} detector at PEP. Vector mesons ({rho}{sup 0}, K{sup *} and {phi}) with 0, 1 and 2 strange quarks are used to obtain redundant measures of strange-quark suppression and of the vector to pseudoscalar ratio in hadronization. Measurements of the production rates of {Lambda}, {Xi}{sup {minus}}, {Omega} and {Xi}{sup *0} hyperons and for the {Lambda}{sub c} and of rapidity correlations between {Lambda}{bar {Lambda}} pairs provide sensitive tests of baryon production in fragmentation models. In addition, two- and three-particle correlations between like sign pions provide further evidence for the Bose-Einstein effect in e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} interactions including the relativistic motion of particle sources. 9 refs., 7 figs.

Over the last year, several 4-cm-aperture, 17-m-long dipole magnet prototypes were built by Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) under contract with the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) Laboratory. These prototypes are the last phase of a half-decade-long R D program, carried out in collaboration with Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of the SSC main ring magnets. They also lay the ground for the 5-cm aperture dipole magnet program to be started soon. After reviewing the design features of the BNL 4-cm-aperture, 17-m-long dipole magnets, we describe in detail the various steps of their fabrication. For each step, we discuss the parameters that need to be mastered, and we compare the values that were achieved for the five most recent prototypes. The data appear coherent and reproducible, demonstrating that the assembly process in under control. 23 refs., 10 figs., 4 tabs.

Over the past two years, in collaboration with the Anglo-Australian Observatory, we have constructed a prototype version of the hardware and software needed to discover distant supernovae for a measurement of {Omega}, the ratio of the average density of the universe to the critical density. To make this measurement, we will use Type Ia supernova, which are now thought to be adequate standard candles for this purpose. 5 refs.

This report is a summary of the working group 4 on hadron spectroscopy. The topics covered are: physics motivation; design of spectrometer; status of some existing hadron spectrometers; improvements to LASS; and arguments for/against a LASS-like design.

We propose the use of recently developed techniques of circular intensity differential scattering (CIDS), as extended to the soft x-ray region of the spectrum (16 eV to 500 eV), to study the higher order organization of the eukaryotic chromosome. CIDS is the difference in scattering power of an object when illuminated by right circularly polarized vs. left circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation of arbitrary wavelength. CIDS has been shown to be a very sensitive measure of the helical organization of the scattering object eg. the eukaryotic chromosome. Preliminary results of measurements of samples of bacteriophages and octopus sperm done at SRC, Wisconsin, show the technique to be very sensitive to the dimensional parameters of the particles interrogated by circularly polarized light. 7 refs., 5 figs.

When considering networks on the basis of geographical scope (i.e., local to wide area networks), the focus is often on the lower three layers of the International Standards Organization Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model (OSI/RM). By contrast, the upper three layers of the Model deal not so much with transport as with network services that are to a first approximation independent of geographical scope. Using this theme, the paper first discusses United States trends in local, metropolitan, and wide area networks. Following this is a description of computer services needed and advances in services offered by networks; an area of increasing emphasis in the United States. Finally, consideration is given to the impact that such trends may have on high energy physics and US HEPnet. The time horizon considered here is limited to mid-decade or a little beyond because studies of technology forecasting beyond five to six years have been shown to be inaccurate. This paper concentrates on computer networks. Through the mid-1990's there appears to be no significant technical or cost advantage for integrating voice and data. 5 refs., 7 figs.

The cryostat of a Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) dipole magnet consists of all magnet components except the magnet assembly itself. It serves to support the magnet accurately and reliably within the vacuum vessel, provide all required cryogenic piping, and to insulate the cold mass from heat radiated and conducted from the environment. It must function reliably during storage, shipping and handling, normal magnet operation, quenches, and seismic excitations, and must be manufacturable at low cost. The major components of the cryostat are the vacuum vessel, thermal shields, multilayer insulation system, cryogenic piping, interconnections, and suspension system. The overall design of a cryostat for superconducting accelerator magnets requires consideration of fluid flow, proper selection of materials for their thermal and structural performance at both ambient and operating temperature, and knowledge of the environment to which the magnets will be subjected over the course their expected operating life. This paper describes the design of the current 50mm SSC collider dipole cryostat and includes discussions on the structural and thermal considerations involved in the development of each of the major systems. Where appropriate, comparisons will be made with the 40mm cryostat. 7 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.

Fast, low noise readout, high channel counts, and physical space, length, and heat leak constraints on signal cables for Liquid Argon Calorimeters (LAC) for SSC Detectors impose stringent requirements on the performance and reliability of its cryogenic feedthrus. We present the design status of a configuration currently under study for the Solenoidal Detector Collaboration's LAC Detector option. The report includes LAr-to-vacuum leak mitigation, warm cable conduction intercept means, and heat leak estimates for a 1900 pin, hermetic feedthru plate design. 12 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

As nuclear plants age and accumulated fluences of core structural components increase, susceptibility of the components to irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) is also expected to increase. Irradiation-induced sensitization, commonly associated with an IASCC failure, was investigated in this study to provide a better understanding of long-term structural integrity of safety-significant in-core components. Irradiation-induced sensitization of high- and commercial-purity Type 304 stainless steels irradiated in BWRs was analyzed. 7 refs., 8 figs.

A survey of beam instruments used at SLAC in the SLC machine is presented. The basic utility and operation of each device is briefly described. The various beam instruments used at the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC), can be classified by the function they perform. Beam intensity, position and size are typical of the parameters of beam which are measured. Each type of parameter is important for adjusting or tuning the machine in order to achieve optimum performance. 39 refs.

A preliminary impedance budget for the B-factory is given. The appendix summarizes the possible designs of bellows. 4 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

The IEEE Mass Storage Reference Model and forthcoming standards based on it provide a standardized architecture to facilitate designing and building mass storage systems, and standard interfaces so that hardware and software from different vendors can interoperate in providing mass storage capabilities. A key concept of this architecture is the separation of control and data flows. This separation allows a smaller machine to provide control functions, while the data can flow directly between high-performance channels. Another key concept is the layering of the file system and the storage functions. This layering allows the designers of the mass storage system to focus on storage functions, which can support a variety of file systems, such as the Network File System, the Andrew File System, and others. The mass storage system provides location-independent file naming, essential if files are to be migrated to different storage devices without requiring changes in application programs. Physics data analysis applications are particularly challenging for mass storage systems because they stream vast amounts of data through analysis applications. Special mechanisms are required, to handle the high data rates and to avoid upsetting the caching mechanisms commonly used for smaller, repetitive-use files. High data rates are facilitated by direct …

For some magnet designs it is desirable to generate a prestress, approaching the yield strength, in the shell surrounding the yoke. If that prestress can be generated by weld shrinkage, then more expensive methods of prestressing can be avoided. Shell-to-yoke friction can reduce the prestress, so it is desirable to minimize it. A quick-and-dirty test was performed to address these matters. While the scatter of the data was large, it appears that weld shrinkage can indeed generate the required prestress. The scatter was too large to give any information about the friction, however. The experiment raised more questions than it answered. 1 fig., 4 tabs.

This proposal describes the research and development required, and the subsequent fabrication of, a system capable of making integrated magnetic multipole measurements of cryogenic 40-mm-bore SSC dipole magnets utilizing a cryogenic probe. Our experience and some preliminary studies indicate that it is highly unlikely that a 16-meter-long probe can be fabricated that will have a twist below several milliradians at cryogenic temperatures. We would anticipate a twist of several milliradians just as a result of cooldown stresses. Consequently, this proposal describes a segmented 16-meter-long probe, for which we intend to calibrate the phase of each segment to within 0.1 milliradians. The data for all segments will be acquired simultaneously, and integrated data will be generated from the vector sums of the individual segments. The calibration techniques and instrumentation required to implement this system will be described. The duration of an integral measurement at one current is expected to be under 10 seconds. The system is based on an extrapolation of the techniques used at LBL to measure cryogenic 1-meter models of SSC magnets with a cryogenic probe. It should be noted that the expansion of the dipole bore from 40 to 50 mm may make a warm-finger device practical at …

Positron measurements on superconducting oxides have gone through an evolution from divergent results of low statistical precision on samples of suspect quality to convergent results of higher statistical precision on high quality samples. We outline the elements affecting the progress of these experiments and questions that can be addressed at our present state of the art. 11 refs.

In order to simulate the effect of accidentally introduced debris on SSC coil insulation integrity, models consisting of two pieces of insulated SSC cable have been loaded in an hydraulic press after introducing foreign particles between the layers. The tests were originally suggested by R. Palmer of the SSC Laboratory. A high voltage (2 Kv) was continually applied between the two cables and the load gradually increased until an electrical short occurred. The high voltage was used as an easy method of detecting insulation punctures and to continue the general type of testing begun at Brookhaven by J. Skaritka, now at the SSC Laboratory, and continued at Fermilab by F. Markley and presented at last year's session of the Conference. A range of particles of different size, shape, and hardness were used, and both conducting and insulating particles were included. Fine wires were also used. When the data are normalized using the control (no particles added), data for each cable batch used, there is a slight correlation between pressure at breakdown and particle size for cables insulated with Kapton only. Adjustment must be made for soft particles that tend to deform and for particles with aspect ratios greater than one. …

In 1980, when Fermilab began supporting precollege education programs, it was not at all clear that a research laboratory was an appropriate setting for major precollege education programs. Participants have given us the answer, Yes '' Programs for students and teachers work at national laboratories because it is not business as usual. Participants come to a world class research laboratory for a unique opportunity to witness science conducted at the frontier of human understanding. They gain invaluable experience being in an environment where science is done. We have shown that teachers, in particular, respond positively to being treated as professionals and peers by researchers. Benefits to teachers and students from participating in a national laboratory's education programs may be broadly categorized as either changed attitudes toward science or new knowledge about science and science teaching and will be described.

As part of the WALIC international collaboration, LBL engineers and physicists are building accelerator beamline prototype calorimeters using a room temperature ionizing liquid. If successful, this technology will be an immediate contender for the Forward Calorimeter of the Solenoidal Detector Collaboration (SDC), with potential application to complete, full scale SSC calorimeters. A 10 ton calorimeter using Tetramethylpentane as the ionizing liquid had been designed and built at LBL, and is now operating at Fermilab. In this unit, the TMP and ionization collecting electrodes are contained in stainless steel boxes'' interleaved with lead absorber plates; thus the TMP is in contact only with the stainless steel container and a few small ceramic insulators. A second generation design, known as the swimming pool'' version, is under construction. A simplified configuration is used, immersing some 3600 lead absorber/electrode plates directly in the ionizing liquid. Challenges lie ahead in terms of liquid contamination (tens of parts per billion), voltage holding, and vacuum pumpout. 2 refs., 8 figs.

These transducers are designed to measure stresses on SSC collared coils. They are individually calibrated with a bonded ten-stack of SSC inner coil cable by applying a known load and reading corresponding output from the gages. The transducer is supported by a notched backing plate'' that allows for bending of the gage beam during calibration or in use with an actual coil. Several factors affecting the calibration and use of the transducers are: the number of times a backing plate'' is used, the similarities or difficulties between bonded ten-stacks, and the differences between the ten-stacks and the coil they represent. The latter is probably the most important because a calibration curve is a model of how a transducer should react within a coil. If the model is wrong, the calibration curve is wrong. Information will be presented regarding differences in calibrations between Brookhaven National Labs (also calibrating these transducers) and Fermilab -- what caused these differences, the investigation into the differences between coils and ten-stacks and how they relate to transducer calibration, and some suggestions for future calibrations.

In this study, a finite element model is used to predict the vacuum vessel's response to loads resulting from its own self-weight and shipping and handling. Structural members of the cold mass support system must behave elastically during assembly and transport of the magnets so that alignment with respect to an external reference is reproducible. This paper includes deflection and stress analyses of the vacuum vessel for the SSC 50 mm collider dipole cryostats. In addition, material selection and stress relieving techniques are discussed. Several methods of local structural reinforcement were analyzed prior to the selection of the current design. The results from these analyses are given for comparison. 9 refs., 8 figs., 5 tabs.

Photochemical models for visibility applications normally suffer from several limitations which impair their application to point-source plumes. Lagrangian type models suffer from an inability to handle wind shear and reversing winds Eulerian based systems smear the plume unrealistically during the early part of its travel. To avoid these problems a new model has been developed and compared to measurements near a southwestern power plant. The new system is quasi-Lagrangian in that the grid at any point in time covers the volume occupied by contaminants at that time. Consequently, the modeled volume is small during the early portion of the plume and expands with time. The model is driven by winds, temperatures, and turbulences provided by a three-dimensional, prognostic, higher order turbulence, atmospheric circulation model (HOTMAC). In comparison with plume measurements in the southwest, the model produced reasonable predictions of dispersion and ozone, but underestimated sulfate formation. Nitrate predictions were much too low. 13 refs., 11 figs.