In this study, we limited our questions to ORNL, discussing their models with almost a dozen staff members from four divisions. We collected some low-level data about the models, and also tried to gain a sense of the philosophy of the modeler, and how each model fit into the larger perspective of ORNL`s and the scientific community`s efforts. Time and budget prevented us from conducting any larger study, but we have no reason to suppose that conclusions about ORNL`s models and modelers could not be extended to the larger scientific community.

Longitudinal space-charge waves develop on heavy-ion inertial-fusion pulse from initial mismatches or from inappropriately timed or shaped accelerating voltages. Without correction, waves moving backward along the beam can grow due to the interaction with their resistively retarded image fields, eventually degrading the longitudinal emittance. A simple correction algorithm is presented here that uses a time-dependent axial electric field to reverse the direction of backward-moving waves. The image fields then damp these forward-moving waves. The method is demonstrated by fluid simulations of an idealized inertial-fusion driver, and practical problems in implementing the algorithm are discussed.