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Seismic velocities and attenuation in an underground granitic waste repository subjected to heating
The behavior of a granitic rock mass subjected to thermal load has been studied by an acoustic cross-hole technique between four boreholes, over a period of some two years. Velocities between boreholes were obtained from the times-of-flight of pulses of acoustic waves between transducers clamped to the borehole wall. The attenuation was obtained by a spectral ratios technique. When the heater was turned on, the velocities increased rapidly to an asymptotic value. When the heater was turned off, the velocities decreased rapidly to their original values or below. Velocities along a particular profile were found to increase linearly with the mean temperature in the profile tested. The attenuation showed little correlation with changes in temperature or the associated thermal stresses, but there was a good correlation of attenuation with water content and the related changes in pore pressure. 18 references, 7 figures.
Date:
March 1, 1984
Creator:
Paulsson, B.N.P. & King, M.S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Structure of the CONCEPT cost estimation model
The CONCEPT code generates capital cost estimates based on the following premise: any central station power plant involves approximately the same major cost components regardless of the location or date of initial operation.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Bowers, H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Status of METC investigations of coal gas desulfurization at high temperature. [Zinc ferrite]
This report documents the continuing effort at the US Department of Energy/Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) to develop a hot-gas desulfurization process for coal-derived gas, primarily for application to molten carbonate fuel cells. Metal oxide sorbents were tested on lab-scale test equipment, and it was determined that scale-up of the process was warranted. A larger, skid-mounted test unit was therefore designed, constructed, and installed on a sidestream of the DOE/METC fixed-bed gasifier. A first series of tests was conducted during Gasifier Run 101. These tests served to shake down the test unit, and provide data on the performance of the test unit operating on coal-derived gas. Overall, the process operated well on fixed-bed, air-blown gasifier gas. Sulfur levels in exit dry gas were reduced to less than 10 ppM. Regeneration appears to restore the sulfur-removing capacity of the sorbent. Sorbent integrity was maintained during the test period, which incorporated three sulfidations. It is recommended that treatment of the regeneration offgas be investigated, and that testing and development of a system to reduce the sulfur in this gas to elemental sulfur be initiated. In addition, it is suggested that a multiple reactor system be planned for continuous operation, to allow for …
Date:
March 1, 1984
Creator:
Steinfeld, G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sperry Low Temperature Geothermal Conversion System, Phase I and Phase II. Volume V. Component development. Final report
The fundamental inventions which motivate this program are system concepts centered on a novel heat engine cycle and the use of downwell heat exchange. Here, the primary emphasis is on downwell hardware. The only surface equipment included is the surface portion of the instrumentation and control systems. Downwell instrumentation is reported. Downwell conduits and techniques for installing, connecting and sealing them are covered. The downwell turbine-pump unit (TPU) is a critical component since it is relatively inaccessible and operates in a hostile environment. Its development is reported. The TPU for the gravity-head system requires a different type of turbine because of the large flow-rate through it and the small pressure difference across it. The design study for a Francis turbine to meet these requirements is reported. A feature of these systems is use of a downwell heat exchanger. There were extensive studies of tube-bundle configuration, tube-sheet seals, structural integrity, and flow and heat transfer, as well as the research on welded connections and sliding elastomeric seals. Another innovative component in these systems is the enthalpy recovery unit (ERU). This direct-contact heat exchanger compensates for under-cooling in the condenser and superheat in the main turbine exhaust.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Harvey, C.; McBee, W. & Matthews, H.B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Offshore oceanographic and environmental monitoring services for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Volume I. Appendices. Annual report for the Bryan Mound Site, September 1982-August 1983
The Department of Energy's Strategic Petroleum Reserve Program began leaching the Bryan Mound salt dome and discharging brine into the coastal waters offshore of Freeport, Texas on March 10, 1980. This report describes the findings of a team of Texas A and M University scientists and engineers who have conducted a study to evaluate the effects of the Bryan Mound brine discharge on the marine environment. The study addresses the areas of physical oceanography, analysis of the discharge plume, water and sediment quality, nekton, benthos and data management. It focuses on the period from September 1982 through August 1983. The ambient physical environment and its temporal and spatial variability were studied by means of continuously recording in situ current/conductivitiy/temperature meters and twelve, one-day synoptic hydrographic cruises. The quarterly water and sediment quality data show a small increase in salinity, sodium and chloride ions occurs in the bottom waters and sediment pore waters near the diffuser relative to those values measured at stations farther away. Data from the brine plume study for this reporting study show the largest areal extent within the +1 o/oo above ambient salinity contour was 40.0 km/sup 2/ which occurred on August 11, 1983. It appears that …
Date:
March 1984
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluate fundamental approaches to longwall dust control. Phase III report
The overall objective of the contract is to evaluate the effectiveness of available dust control technology for double-drum shearer longwall sections in a coordinated, systematic program at a few longwall test sections and to make the results available to the entire coal mining industry. This program is investigating nine different dust control techniques. These nine subprograms encompass a broad range of dust control measures ranging from administrative controls to new hardware. They span not only presently employed methods but also those recently adopted in the United States and those proposed for the future. This report documents the Phase III effort on each of the subprograms. For clarity, the report is divided in sections by subprogram as follows: Section 2, Subprogram A - passive barriers/spray air movers for dust control; Section 3, Subprogram B - practical aspects of deep cutting; Section 4, Subprogram C - stage loader dust control; Section 5, Subprogram D - longwall automation technology; Section 6, Subprogram E - longwall application of ventilation curtains; Section 7, Subprogram F - reversed drum rotation; Section 8, Subprogram G - reduction of shield generated dust; Section 9, Subprogram H - air canopies for longwalls; and Section 10, Subprogram I - mining …
Date:
March 31, 1984
Creator:
Babbitt, C.; Bartlett, P.; Kelly, J.; Ludlow, J.; Mangolds, A.; Rajan, S. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of borehole electromagnetic and seismic detection of fractures
Experiments were conducted to establish the feasibility of downhole high-frequency techniques for location of fractures in the vicinity of boreholes. An existing flame-cut slot in granite was filled with salt water to simulate a brine-filled fracture. The first method used an electromagnetic wave at 30 to 300 MHz, vhf frequencies. A transmitter consisting of a phased dual-dipole array arranged to provide a directional signal toward the fracture was installed in a borehole opposite the fracture. A receiver was also located in the same borehole. The radar returns from the simulated fracture were detectable in boreholes located at distances of up to 12 meters from the fracture. These results indicate for the first time the feasibility of a downhole vhf radar for use in a single borehole for detection of fractures located away from the borehole. Similar experiments were also conducted using seismic waves at 4.5 to 6 KHz. The transmitter and the receiver in this case were located in separate boreholes. During this experiment, reflections from the slot were obtained only with the transducers oriented for shear wave illumination and detection. These results suggest that a high-frequency shear wave can also be used to detect fractures away from a borehole.
Date:
February 1, 1984
Creator:
Chang, H. T.; Suhler, S. A. & Owen, T. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cogeneration Handbook for the Textile Industry. [Contains Glossary]
The decision of whether to cogenerate involves several considerations, including technical, economic, environmental, legal, and regulatory issues. Each of these issues is addressed separately in this handbook. In addition, a chapter is included on preparing a three-phase work statement, which is needed to guide the design of a cogeneration system. In addition, an annotated bibliography and a glossary of terminology are provided. Appendix A provides an energy-use profile of the textile industry. Appendices B through O provide specific information that will be called out in subsequent chapters.
Date:
March 1, 1984
Creator:
Garrett-Price, B. A.; Fassbender, L. L.; Moore, N. L.; Fassbender, A. G.; Eakin, D. E. & Gorges, H. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of the fire performance of building insulation in full-scale and laboratory fire tests
Twenty-two insulations are exposed to fire tests including the 25 ft Tunnel test, the Attic Floor Radiant Panel test and actual fire conditions of a simulated attic configuration. The insulations consisted of a number of cellulose fiber insulations, utilizing various chemical treatments, glass fiber and mineral fiber insulations. The fire performance characteristics of the insulations were measured in each of the three test scenarios and the report compares their results.
Date:
April 1, 1984
Creator:
Kleinfelder, W. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MSS generic model: a beginning
To improve communications and understanding in the field of Mass Storage Systems (MSS), the need exists to formalize the definitions and concepts of MSS. This presentation gives MSS definitions followed by the development of a generic model for MSS.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Collins, W. & Miller, S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design of a photovoltaic central power station: flat-plate array
A design for a photovoltaic central power station using fixed flat-panel arrays has been developed. The 100 MW plant is assumed to be located adjacent to the Saguaro Power Station of Arizona Public Service. The design assumes high-efficiency photovoltaic modules using dendritic web cells. The modules are arranged in 5 MW subfields, each with its own power conditioning unit. The photovoltaic output is connected to the existing 115 kV utility switchyard. The site specific design allows detailed cost estimates for engineering, site preparation, and installation. Collector and power conditioning costs have been treated parametrically.
Date:
February 1, 1984
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Basalt nuclear-waste repository remote sensing using electromagnetic techniques
The electromagnetic permittivity and attenuation rate of basalt, from the Near Surface Test Facility of the Basalt Waste Isolation Project at Hanford, Washington, have been measured in the laboratory as a function of water content at frequencies from 25 MHz to 1000 MHz. Both the permittivity and the attenuation rate are strongly related to water content of basalt in this frequency range. Completely dehydrated, the rock has a frequency-independent relative permittivity of about 8 and attenuation rates (inverse skin depths) of 0.04 m/sup -1/ and 3.2 m/sup -1/ at 25 MHz and 1000 MHz, respectively. When completely saturated by tap water to 6% by volume, the relative permittivity ranges from 16.5 to 10.0 and the attenuation ranges from 0.3 m/sup -1/ to 5.5 m/sup -1/ between 25 MHz and 1000 MHz. The data indicate that high-frequency electromagnetic remote sensing techniques, such as those used in radar, cross-borehole tomography, and borehole logging, may be useful in characterizing proposed basalt repositories and monitoring established waste repositories. Electromagnetic methods are particularly suited to delineating water content of the rock and, when completely saturated, crack and pore porosity of the rock mass within a repository. 7 references, 3 figures.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Daily, W.D. & Buettner, H.M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Direct use geothermal PON and PRDA projects under DOE-ID Administration. Annual report FY 1983
This report presents the status of Geothermal PRDA and PON projects administered by the DOE-ID as of the end of FY-1983. Both programs were instituted to assist the development of the direct application of geothermal energy. The PRDA Program consists of a series of studies designed to investigate the engineering and economic feasibility of geothermal direct applications. The PON Program consists of demonstration projects in which project costs are shared between DOE and a private company, municipality, or other organizations. During this reporting period, fiscal year 1983 (October 1, 1982 through September 30, 1983), EG and G Idaho provided program management and technical support for eleven demonstration projects, three engineering and economic studies plus some general institutional support. Each project is summarized. The general format for the project descriptions is to review the activities in FY-1983 separately from background information on project scope and previous years activities. All of the DOE-ID PON experimental demonstration projects are described, but, of 20 studies performed, only the three active PRDA feasibility contracts are covered since they were smaller, more specialized studies.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Childs, F.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Quarterly technical progress report, October 1-December 30, 1983
Several new initiatives were begun in coal preparation, including a project to develop a liquid CO/sub 2/ coalescence process that will produce a superclean coal containing less than 1% ash. Another new project in this area is focusing on chemical coal cleaning for the removal of harmful trace elements, such as arsenic, lead, and zinc. Milestones were reached in both of our major electron beam flue gas cleanup projects. In the area of coal-water mixtures, our major industrial contracts are now approaching critical milestones. The analysis of our in-house combustion testing of micronized coal-water mixtures in PETC's 700-horsepower oil-designed boiler has been completed. By reducing the coal particle size from 90% minus 200 mesh down to 87% minus 19 microns, the carbon conversion efficiency increased from a level of 96% to 98%. Combustion tests with a commercially available CWM showed that combustion air enriched to 23% oxygen reduced the needed air preheat temperature from 370/sup 0/ to 200/sup 0/F. Work also got underway in the new projects selected last summer to investigate advanced direct liquefaction processes. At Kerr-McGee, three scoping runs on their 350 pound/day integrated bench-scale unit were successfully completed. The objective of these runs was to evaluate subbituminous …
Date:
April 1, 1984
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Soil attenuation of leachates from low-rank coal combustion wastes: a literature survey. [116 references]
In parallel with pursuing the goal of increased utilization of low-rank solid fuels, the US Department of Energy is investigating various aspects associated with the disposal of coal-combustion solid wastes. Concern has been expressed relative to the potential hazards presented by leachates from fly ash, bottom ash and scrubber wastes. This is of particular interest in some regions where disposal areas overlap aquifer recharge regions. The western regions of the United States are characterized by relatively dry alkaline soils which may effect substantial attenuation of contaminants in the leachates thereby reducing the pollution potential. A project has been initiated to study the contaminant uptake of western soils. This effort consists of two phases: (1) preparation of a state-of-the-art document on soil attenuation; and (2) laboratory experimental studies to characterize attenuation of a western soil. The state-of-the-art document, represented herein, presents the results of studies on the characteristics of selected wastes, reviews the suggested models which account for the uptake, discusses the specialized columnar laboratory studies on the interaction of leachates and soils, and gives an overview of characteristics of Texas and Wyoming soils. 116 references, 10 figures, 29 tables.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Gauntt, R. O.; DeOtte, R. E.; Slowey, J. F. & McFarland, A. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of flow data from the DOW/DOE L. R. Sweezy No. 1 well
This topical report presents the results of work to-date on the analysis and simulation of flow and pressure data from the testing of the L.R. Sweezy No. 1 well. Analysis of drawdown data indicates a formation permeability of around 126 md, and a flow-rate dependent skin. The conventional analysis techniques were, however, found to be inadequate for analyzing the buildup data. The formation properties inferred from the drawdown were used together with the CHARGR simulator to simulate the production history of the Sweezy well. The calculated drawdown response displays excellent agreement with the measured data; such agreement was, however, not obtained for the buildup phase of the tests. Parametric calculations designed to investigate the anomalous buildup response suggest that this behavior may be the result of stress-induced hysteresis in formation properties, shale recharge, and long-term formation creep. A research program to further characterize the observed pressure response is outlined.
Date:
March 1, 1984
Creator:
Garg, S. K. & Riney, T. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
RERTR Program fuel testing and demonstration: an update
The irradiation and postirradiation examination of high-density, reduced-enrichment miniplates and full-sized elements are continuing under the RERTR Program. The emphasis is currently being placed on determining uranium-density/fission-density limits for the highest-density silicide fuels. One whole core demonstration is nearing completion in the FNR, and another, using U/sub 3/Si/sub 2/ fuel, is scheduled to begin in the ORR during the next year. This paper will summarize the progress made during the past year.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Snelgrove, J. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Flow Induced Vibration Program at Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne National Laboratory has had a Flow Induced Vibration Program since 1967; the Program currently resides in the Laboratory's Components Technology Division. Throughout its existence, the overall objective of the program has been to develop and apply new and/or improved methods of analysis and testing for the design evaluation of nuclear reactor plant components and heat exchange equipment from the standpoint of flow induced vibration. Historically, the majority of the program activities have been funded by the US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA), and Department of Energy (DOE). Current DOE funding is from the Breeder Mechanical Component Development Division, Office of Breeder Technology Projects; Energy Conversion and Utilization Technology (ECUT) Program, Office of Energy Systems Research; and Division of Engineering, Mathematical and Geosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Testing of Clinch River Breeder Reactor upper plenum components has been funded by the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant (CRBRP) Project Office. Work has also been performed under contract with Foster Wheeler, General Electric, Duke Power Company, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and Westinghouse.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Finite order polynomial moment solutions of the homogeneous Grad-Shafranov equation
A method for generating the finite positive order polynomial moment solutions of the homogeneous Grad-Shafranov equation to arbitrary order and the explicit form of the first few moments are given. A criticism of the method is discussed, and several practical examples are given.
Date:
February 1, 1984
Creator:
Reusch, M. F. & Neilson, G. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of the intensity of the cosmic background radiation at 3. 0 cm
The intensity of the cosmic background radiation (CBR) has been measured at a wavelength of 3.0 cm as part of a program to measure th Rayleigh-Jeans spectrum of the CBR at five wavelengths between 0.33 cm and 12 cm. The instrument used is a dual-antenna Dicke-switched radiometer with a double-sideband noise temperature of 490 K and a sensitivity of 46 mK/Hz/sup 1/2/. The entire radiometer is mounted on bearings. The atmospheric emission was measured by rotating the radiometer, and thus directing one antenna to zenith angles of +- 30/sup 0/ and +- 40/sup 0/. 61 references, 24 figures, 18 tables.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Friedman, S.D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Superacid Catalyzed Coal Conversion Chemistry. 1st and 2nd Quarterly Technical Progress Reports, September 1, 1983-March 30, 1984. [Model Compound Consisting of 2 Benzene Rings Connected With Various Bridging Units Such as Alkylidene, Ether, Sulfide, Etc]
In our laboratories we have previously developed a mild coal conversion process. This involves the use of a superacid system consisting of HF and BF/sub 3/ in presence of hydrogen and/or a hydrogen donor solvent. In order to understand the chemistry involved in the process of depolymerization of coal by the HF:BF/sub 3/:H/sub 2/ system we are carrying out a systematic study of a number of coal model compounds. The model compounds selected for present study have two benzene rings connected with various bridging units such as alkylidene, ether, sulfide etc. From studies so far carried out it appears that high pyridine extractibilities achieved by treating coal at temperature below 100/sup 0/C results from the cleavage of bridges such as present in bibenzyl, diphenyl methane, dibenzyl ether, dibenzyl sulfide etc. On the other hand the increased cyclohexane extractibility and distillability observed at relatively higher temperatures and hydrogen pressures reflects the hydrogenation and cleavage of the aromatic backbone in coal structure similar to what is seen in the conversion of model compounds such as biphenyl, diphenyl ether, diphenyl sulfide, anthracene, etc.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Olah, G.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SUPRI Heavy Oil Research Program. Seventh annual report, October 1, 1982-September 30, 1983
This research program has five main objectives: (1) flow properties - to assess the effects of temperature and pressure on absolute and relative permeabilities, on capillary pressure and on any relevant property of petroleum reservoirs; (2) in-situ combustion - tube runs for simulation of in-situ combustion experiments are performed under different pressure and oxygen concentration levels, and kinetics of in-situ combustion reactions are also studied; (3) steam injection with additives - to optimize the steam injection techniques when the control in steam injection is studied; (4) reservoir definition - to improve existing interpretation techniques for well tests, tracer tests and logging; and (5) field support services - to discuss practical problems with representatives of the oil industry. Progress reports are presented for the 5 tasks.
Date:
May 1, 1984
Creator:
Brigham, W. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ir/PuO/sub 2/ compatibility: transfer of impurities from plutonium dioxide to iridium metal during high temperature aging
Plutonium oxide fuel pellets for powering radioisotopic thermoelectric generators for NASA space vehicles are encapsulated in iridium which has been grain-boundary-stabilized with thorium and aluminum. After aging for 6 months at 1310/sup 0/C under vacuum, enhanced grain growth is observed in the near-surface grains of the iridium next to the PuO/sub 2/. Examination of the grain boundaries by AES and SIMS shows a depletion of thorium and aluminum. Iron, chromium, and nickel from the fuel were found to diffuse into the iridium along the grain boundaries. Enhanced grain growth appears to result from thorium depletion in the grain boundaries of the near-surface grains next to the fuel. However, in one instance grain growth was slowed by the formation of thorium oxide by oxygen diffusing up the grain boundaries.
Date:
January 1, 1984
Creator:
Taylor, D. H.; Christie, W. H. & Pavone, D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Recovery and reuse of asphalt roofing waste. Final report
Burning of asphalt roofing waste as a fuel and incorporating asphalt roofing waste in bituminous paving were identified as the two outstanding resource recovery concepts out of ten studied. Four additional concepts might be worth considering under different market or technical circumstances. Another four concepts were rated as worth no further consideration at this time. This study of the recovery of the resource represented in asphalt roofing waste has identified the sources and quantities of roofing waste. About six million cubic yards of scrap roofing are generated annually in the United States, about 94% from removal of old roofing at the job site and the remainder from roofing material production at factories. Waste disposal is a growing problem for manufacturers and contractors. Nearly all roofing waste is hauled to landfills at a considerable expense to roofing contractors and manufacturers. Recovery of the roofing waste resource should require only a modest economic incentive. The asphalt contained in roofing waste represents an energy resource of more than 7 x 10/sup 13/ Btu/year. Another 1 x 10/sup 13/ Btu/year may be contained in field-applied asphalt on commercial building roofs. The two concepts recommended by this study appear to offer the broadest applicability, the …
Date:
February 2, 1984
Creator:
Desai, S.; Graziano, G. & Shepherd, P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library