"Lately it has been proposed to reduce the friction drag of a body in a flow for the technically important large Reynolds numbers by the following expedient: the boundary layer, normally turbulent, is artificially kept laminar up to high Reynolds numbers by suction. The reduction in friction drag thus obtained is of the order of magnitude of 60 to 80 percent of the turbulent friction drag, since the latter, for large Reynolds numbers, is several times the laminar friction drag. In considering the idea mentioned one has first to consider whether suction is a possible means of keeping the boundary layer laminar" (p. 1).

This paper includes the following topics: 1) Characteristic differential equations; 2) Treatment of practical examples; 3) First example: Diffuser; and 4) Second Example: Nozzle.

From Summary: "The flow laws of the actual flows at high Reynolds numbers differ considerably from those of the laminar flows treated in the preceding part. These actual flows show a special characteristic, denoted as turbulence. The character of a turbulent flow is most easily understood the case of the pipe flow. Consider the flow through a straight pipe of circular cross section and with a smooth wall. For laminar flow each fluid particle moves with uniform velocity along a rectilinear path."

"In an earlier report UM No.1117 by Gothert,the single-source method was applied to the compressible flow around circles, ellipses, lunes, and around an elongated body of revolution at different Mach numbers and the results compared as far as possible with the calculations by Lamla ad Busemann. Essentially, it was found that with favorable source arrangement the single-source method is in good agreement with the calculations of the same degree of approximation by Lamla and Busemann. Near sonic velocity the number of steps must be increased considerably in order to sufficiently approximate the adiabatic curve" (p. 1).

"When auxiliary jet engines are installed on airframes; as well as in some new designs, the jet engines are mounted in such a way that the jet stream exhausts in close proximity to the fuselage. This report deals with the behavior of the jet in close proximity to a two-dimensional surface. The experiments were made to find out whether the axially symmetric stream tends to approach the flat surface" (p. 1).

"The present report describes a new method for the prediction of the flow pattern of a gas in the two-dimensional and axially symmetrical case. It is assumed that the expansion of the gas is adiabatic and the flow stationary. The several assumptions necessary of the nozzle shape effect, in general, no essential limitation on the conventional nozzles" (p. 1).

From Summary: "Various ways were tried recently to decrease the friction drag of a body in a flow; they all employ influencing the boundary layer. One of them consists in keeping the boundary layer Laminar by suction; promising tests have been carried out. Since for large Reynolds numbers the friction drag of the laminar boundary layer is much lower than that of the turbulent boundary layer, a considerable saving in drag results from keeping the boundary layer laminar, even with the blower power required for suction taken into account."

"The present report is concerned with a series of tests on a model airplane fitted with four types of dive flaps of various shapes, positions, and incidence located near the leading edge of the wing (from 5 to 20 percent of the wing chord). Tests were also made on a stub airfoil fitted with a ventral dive (located at 8 percent of the wing chord). The hinge moments of the dive flaps were measured" (p. 1).

"The present report, which deals with pressure-distribution measurements made on a sweptback wing with a jet engine nacelle, is similar to a report on pressure-distribution measurements on a rectangular wing with a jet engine nacelle (second partial report). Here, in investigations preliminary to high-speed measurements, as in the second partial report, useful arrangements and fillet designs have been discovered" (p. 1).

The problem of the motion of an elongated body of revolution in an incompressible fluid may, as is known, be solved approximately with the aid of the distribution of sources along the axis of the body. In determining the velocity field, the question of whether the body moves uniformly or with an acceleration is no factor in the problem. The presence of acceleration must be taken into account in determining the pressures acting on the body. The resistance of the body arising from the accelerated motion may be computed either directly on the basis of these pressures or with the aid of the so-called associated masses (inertia coefficients). A different condition holds in the case of the motion of bodies in a compressible gas. In this case the finite velocity of sound must be taken into account.

"The recent experiments by Jakob and Erk, on the resistance of flowing water in smooth pipes, which are in good agreement with earlier measurements by Stenton and Pannell, have caused me to change my opinion that the empirical Blasius law (resistance proportional to the 7/4 power of the mean velocity) was applicable up to arbitrarily high Reynolds numbers. According to the new tests the exponent approaches 2 with increasing Reynolds number, where it remains an open question whether or not a specific finite limiting value of the resistance factor lambda is obtained at R = infinity. With the collapse of Blasius' law the requirements which produced the relation that the velocity in the proximity of the wall varied in proportion to the 7th root of the wall distance must also become void" (p. 1).

"For the design and the construction of airplanes the control is of special significance, not only with regard to the flight mechanical properties but also for the proportional arrangement of wing unit, fuselage, and tail unit. Whereas these problems may be regarded as solved for direct control of airplane motions, that is, for immediate operation of the control surfaces, they are not clarified as to oscillations, stability, and stress phenomena occurring in flight motions with Indirect control, as realized for instance in tab control" (p. 1).

"The following are arguments on the compression shocks in gas flow start with a simplified representation of the results of the study made by Th. Meyer as published in the Forschungsheft 62 of the VDI, supplemented by several amplifications for the application. In the treatment of compression shocks, the equation of energy, the equation of continuity, the momentum equation, the equation of state of the particular gas, as well as the condition Of the second law of thermodynamics that no decrease of entropy is possible in an isolated system, must be taken into consideration" (p. 1).

"In a study of journal bearings, the measurement of the oil-film strength produces some significant information. A new instrument is described by means of which the pressure of the oil film in bearings (under constant or alternating load) can be measured and recorded. With this device, the pressure distribution in the lubricating film of a bearing bushing was measured (under different operating conditions on a journal bearing) in the pulsator-bearing-testing machine" (p. 1).

"The present report of Mr. Dupleich is the summary of a very extensive experimental study of the well-known mechanical phenomenon: the rotation in free fall (* air, for instance) of more or less elongated rectangles cut out of paper or pasteboard. This phenomenon, the conditions for existence of which depend chiefly on the elongated of the small plate and its weight per unit area, is essentially an aerodynamic phenomenon and as such, raises questions of a certain interest to our department. We believe that the modern concepts of the mechanics of fluids do not have the range attributed to them" (p. 1).

"The effect of application of power, so far not clarified, is investigated in the present report in order to give the pilot, in addition to the control measures, an expedient for spin recovery of multiengine airplanes. To this end, a series of spins was performed with an airplane of the Go 150 type. It was possible to set up a uniform rule regarding the effect of power, for right end left spins as well as for any combination of the direction of rotation of the propellers" (p. 1).

In order to obtain insight into the flow conditions on tail surfaces on airplanes during spins, pressure-distribution measurements were performed on a rotating model of the design BFW-M31. For the time being, the tests were made for only one angle of attack (alpha = 60 degrees) and various angles of yaw and rudder angles. The results of these measurements are given; the construction of the model, and the test arrangement used are described. Measurements to be performed later and alterations planned in the test arrangement are pointed out.

The present report, which forms the first of six articles on experiments with airfoils of aspect ratio from 1 to 3 and various planforms, deals with the three- and six-component measurements made on the trapezoidal wing series in the 2.15 x 3-meter wind tunnel of the DVL at the request of the Henschel Aircraft Company.

"In a previous paper, results are presented of accurate investigations of the processes of titanium carbonization and the succeeding titanium carbide decarbonization as related to the phenomenon of the graphitization of soot by heating at a constant temperature in atmospheres of pure hydrogen and carbon monoxide. These tests showed that the processes of titanium carbonization-decarbonization in an atmosphere of pure gases without nitrogen proceed in the same direction as the analogous processes under the conditions of the production furnace. In this case, however, the presence of admixtures of nitrogen changes the quantitative results of the decarbonization process" (p. 1).

"A study is made herein of the irrotational adiabatic motion of a gas in the transition from subsonic to supersonic velocities. A shape of the de Laval nozzle is given, which transforms a homogeneous plane-parallel flow at large subsonic velocity into a supersonic flow without any shockwaves beyond the transition line from the subsonic to the supersonic regions of flow. The method of solution is based on integration near the transition line of the gas equations of motion in the form investigated by S. A. Christianovich" (p. 1).

The present report deals with the aerodynamic, constructive, and instrumental development of a spoiler control for remote control of flying missiles.

"By means of characteristics theory, formulas for the numerical treatment of stationary compressible supersonic flows for the two-dimensional and rotationally symmetrical cases have been obtained from their differential equations" (p. 1).

"In the present paper, the motion of a gas in a plane-parallel Laval nozzle in the neighborhood of the transition from subsonic to supersonic velocities is studied. In a recently published paper, F. I. Frankl, applying the holograph method of Chaplygin, undertook a detailed investigation of the character of the flow near the line of transition from subsonic to supersonic velocities. From the results of Tricomi's investigation on the theory of differential equations of the mixed elliptic-hyperbolic type, Frankl introduced as one of the independent variables in place of the modulus of the velocity, a certain specially chosen function of this modulus" (p. 1).

"For a certain Mach number of the oncoming flow, the local velocity first reaches the value of the local velocity of sound (M = 1) at some point on the surface of the body located within the flow. This Mach number is designated the critical Mach number M(sub cr). By increasing the flow velocity, a supersonic local region is formed bounded by the body contour and the line of transition from subsonic to supersonic velocity. As is shown by observations with the Toepler apparatus, at a certain flow Mach number M > M(sub cr) a shock wave is formed near the body that closes the local supersonic region from behind" (p. 1).