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Review of the state of the art in personnel neutron monitoring with solid state detectors
Albedo systems are the mainstay at many facilities and continue to be refined. Advanced electrochemical etching techniques for CR-39 now yield a dose equivalent response that is nearly constant from 0.1 to 4.0 MeV. Recent studies include use of converters to enhance CR-39 response at both low and high energies. Methods have been suggested for use of CR-39, either alone or in conjunction with albedo and other detectors to provide spectral information as a step to more accurate dosimetry. Limitations in the use of CR-39 primarily center on the lack of consistent, high-quality, dosimetry-grade material, significant angular dependence, and poor dose equivalent response at both low and high energies. Work continues on silicon diodes, with some new designs. The most attractive new dosimetry technique is the bubble-damage or superheated drop detector. Metal-on-silicon (MOS) microelectronics present exciting possibilities for the future. 25 refs., 6 figs.
Date:
October 2, 1987
Creator:
Griffith, R.V.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Memorandum from Jack Davis to Will May, Ralph Culp, Jane Newcomer and Rick Sale, October 19, 1987]
Photocopy of a memorandum from Jack Davis, co-director of North Texas Institute for Educators on the Visual Arts to Will May, Ralph Culp, Jan Newcomer, and Rick Sale. In the memo, Davis attached the grant proposal and thanks them for their assistance. In his handwritten note, "P.S. I thought you'd be interested in the untouched letter for Richard Colwell which I received today." Included with the memo is the letter from Richard Colwell, Professor of Music at West California. The letter mentions that the National Center for Research in Arts Education is over and has some ideas for a cooperative plan and would like Davis to share with him their proposal to look over the institution and incorporate similar ideas.
Date:
October 19, 1987
Creator:
Davis, Donald Jack
Object Type:
Letter
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Prospects of stable high-density dispersion fuels
The majority of research and test reactors around the world employ aluminum fuel element designs that contain dispersed powders of uranium compounds as fuel. Specifically, two compounds are used: (1) uranium oxide (U/sub 3/O/sub 8/) and (2) an uranium aluminide mixed phase composed of the intermetallic compounds UAl/sub 2/, UAl/sub 3/, and UAl/sub 4/, all made with highly enriched uranium (HEU), i.e., 93% /sup 235/U. The reduction of /sup 235/U enrichment to below 20%, to so-called low enriched uranium (LEU), requires the use of higher density fuels for those applications where increased fuel loading is not feasible. Fuel dispersant loading is, in practice, limited to approximately 45 vol %. Fuel development in the Reduced Envichment Research and Test Reactors (RERTR) program has focused on uranium silicides (U/sub 3/Si and U/sub 3/Si/sub 2/) as the most promising high-density fuels. The compounds of U/sub 6/Fe and U/sub 6/Mn as well as U/sub 3/Si containing Cu were tested as part of the search for stable very-high-density fuels. The problem of breakaway swelling in high-density fuel compounds is attributed to radiation-induced amorphization of these compounds. Alloy additions are a possible means by which the crystal structure of very-high-density compounds can be strengthened and preserved …
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Hofman, G.L. & Neimark, L.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fermi surface and effective masses for the heavy-electron superconductor UPt sub 3
Local-density-approximation (LDA) calculations for the Fermi-surface extremal cross-sectional areas of UPt{sub 3} are presented and compared to deHaas-van Alphen experiments of Taillefer et al. The topology of the calculated surfaces is in excellent agreement with experiment and allows a determination of the directional dependence of the anisotropic mass-renormalization factor. The source of this renormalization is briefly discussed. 12 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Norman, M. R.; Albers, R. C.; Boring, A. M.; Christensen, N. E. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA); Los Alamos National Lab., NM (USA) & Max-Planck-Institut fuer Festkoerperforschung, Stuttgart (Germany, F.R.))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The EPRI Laboratory experiments at ANL. [Vaporization of core-concrete mixtures]
The vaporization of core-concrete mixtures is being measured using a transpiration method. Mixtures of stainless steel, concrete (limestone or basaltic) and urania (doped with La/sub 2/O/sub 3/, SrO, BaO, and ZrO/sub 2/) are vaporized at 2150 - 2400 K from a zirconia crucible into flowing He - 6% H/sub 2/ gas. Up to 600 ppM H/sub 2/O is added to the gas to fix the partial molar free energy of oxygen in the range -420 kJ to -550 kJ. The fraction of the sample that is vaporized is determined by weight change and by chemical analyses on the condensates that are collected in an Mo condenser tube. The results are being used to test the thermodynemic data base and the underlying assumptions of computer codes used for prediction of release during the severe accident. 13 refs., 2 tabs.
Date:
October 28, 1987
Creator:
Roche, M. F.; Settle, J. L.; Leibowitz, L.; Johnson, C. E. & Ritzman, R. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effect of decontamination on aging processes and considerations for life extension
The basis for a recently initiated program on the chemical decontamination of nuclear reactor components and the possible impact of decontamination on extended-life service is described. The incentives for extending plant life beyond the present 40-year limit are discussed, and the possible aging degradation processes that may be accentuated in extended-life service are described. Chemical decontamination processes for nuclear plant primary systems are summarized with respect to their corrosive effects on structural alloys, particularly those in the aged condition. Available experience with chemical cleaning processes for the secondary side of PWR steam generators is also briefly considered. Overall, no severe materials corrosion problems have been found that would preclude the use of these chemical processes, but concerns have been raised in several areas, particularly with respect to corrosion-related problems that may develop during extended service.
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Diercks, D. R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Procedures manual for the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File
This manual is a collection of various notes, memoranda and instructions on procedures for the evaluation of data in the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF). They were distributed at different times over the past few years to the evaluators of nuclear structure data and some of them were not readily avaialble. Hence, they have been collected in this manual for ease of reference by the evaluators of the international Nuclear Structure and Decay Data (NSDD) network contribute mass-chains to the ENSDF. Some new articles were written specifically for this manual and others are reivsions of earlier versions.
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Bhat, M.R. (ed.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Container materials for isolation of radioactive waste in salt
The workshop reviewed the extensive data on the corrosion resistance of low-carbon steel in simulated salt repository environments, determined whether these data were sufficient to recommend low-carbon steel for fabrication of the container, and assessed the suitability of other materials under consideration in the SRP. The panelists determined the need for testing and research programs, recommended experimental approaches, and recommended materials based on existing technology. On the first day of the workshop, presentations were made on waste package requirements; the expected corrosion environment; degradation processes, including a review of data from corrosion tests on carbon steel; and rationales for container design and materials, modeling studies, and planned future work. The second day was devoted to a panel caucus, presentation of workshop findings, and open discussion. 76 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs.
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Streicher, M.A. & Andrews, A. (eds.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A qualitative study of wake fields for very short bunches
A qualitative treatment is given of both single and multiple cavity wakefields, with the intent of providing some physical insight into the energy and bunch length dependencies. (LEW)
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Palmer, Robert B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hadron-quark phase transition in dense stars
An equation of state is computed for a plasma of one flavor quarks interacting through some phenomenological potential, at zero temperature. Assuming that the confining potential is scalar and color-independent, it is shown that the quarks undergo a first-order mass phase transition. In addition, due to the way screening is introduced, all the thermodynamic quantities computed are independent of the actual shape of the interquark potential. This equation of state is then generalized to a several quark flavor plasma and applied to the study of the hadron-quark phase transition inside a neutron star. 45 refs., 4 figs.
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Grassi, F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Determination of alpha/sub s/ from energy-energy correlations in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation at 29 GeV
We have studied the energy-energy correlation in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation into hadrons at ..sqrt..s = 29 GeV using the Mark II detector at PEP. We find to O(..cap alpha../sub s//sup 2/) that ..cap alpha../sub s/ = 0.158 +- .003 +- .008 if hadronization is described by string fragmentation. Independent fragmentation schemes give ..cap alpha../sub s/ = .10 - .14, and give poor agreement with the data. A leading-log shower fragmentation model is found to describe the data well.
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Wood, D. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Intense electron beams
This paper is concerned with intense electron beams, typically of the order of a few kA in current and up to tens of MeV in beam energy. A beam of this kind can be produced from induction machines, examples of which are the ERA (4 MeV, 1 kA) at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and the ASTRON (5 MeV, 500A), ETA (5 MeV, 10 kA), and ATA (50 MeV, 10 kA) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The emphasis of the paper is on the characteristics of these beams and some applications. 13 refs., 2 figs. (LSP)
Date:
October 20, 1987
Creator:
Yu, S. S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A neutral-beam diagnostic for fast confined alpha particles in a burning plasma: Application on CIT (Compact Ignition Tokamak)
Diagnostic methods for fast confined alpha particles are essential for a burning-plasma experiment. We review one- and two-electron-capture methods using energetic neutral beams, and provide quantitative estimates of signal level for a two-electron-capture method applicable to CIT. The best probe is a ground-state helium-atom beam because of its relatively good penetration into a CIT plasma and the large cross section for two-electron capture; it can be produced in useful quantities from HeH/sup +/. We calculate a signal level of the order of 10/sup 7/ counts/s for 100 mA of accelerated HeH/sup +/, which is sufficient to allow time-resolved measurements of the alpha-particle velocity distribution. Limited position information could be obtained for appropriate access port geometry. This diagnostic is feasible, and we recommend further research and development leading to implementation on CIT. 39 refs., 16 figs., 5 tabs.
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Schlachter, A. S.; Stearns, J. W. & Cooper, W. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Quality site seasonal report, Eisenhower Museum, SFBP (Solar in Federal Buildings Program) 4008, March 1985 through September 1985
The active solar Domestic Hot Water (DHW) and space heating system at the Eisenhower Museum was designed and constructed as part of the Solar in Federal Buildings Program (SFBP). This retrofitted system is one of eight of the systems in the SFBP slected for quality monitoring. The purpose of this monitoring effort is to document the performance of quality state-of-the-art solar systems in large federal building applications. These systems are unique prototypes. Design errors and system faults discovered during the monitoring period could not always be corrected. Therefore, the aggregate, overall performance is often considerably below what might be expected had similar systems been constructed consecutively with each repetition incorporating corrections and improvements. The solar system is a retrofit, designed to supply part of the space heating (and reheating for humidity control) load at the museum, located at President Eisenhower's boyhood home in Abilene, Kansas. The small DHW load is also served by the solar system. The museum and adjacent library entertain approximately 200,000 visitors per year, and require controlled temperature and humidity for preservation of artifacts. The summer reheating load for humidity control is comparable to the space heating load in winter. The solar system has 110 US Solar …
Date:
October 15, 1987
Creator:
Raymond, M.G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Solving complex and disordered surface structures with electron diffraction
The past of surface structure determination with low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) will be briefly reviewed, setting the stage for a discussion of recent and future developments. The aim of these developments is to solve complex and disordered surface structures. Some efficient solutions to the theoretical and experimental problems will be presented. Since the theoretical problems dominate, the emphasis will be on theoretical approaches to the calculation of the multiple scattering of electrons through complex and disordered surfaces. 49 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Van Hove, M.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reactivity and isotopic composition of spent PWR (pressurized-water-reactor) fuel as a function of initial enrichment, burnup, and cooling time
This study presents the reactivity loss of spent PWR fuel due to burnup in terms of the infinite lattice multiplications factor, k/sub infinity/. Calculations were performed using the SAS2 and CSAS1 control modules of the SCALE system. The k/sub infinity/ values calculated for all combinations of six enrichments, seven burnups, and five cooling times. The results are presented as a primary function of enrichment in both tabular and graphic form. An equation has been developed to estimate the tabulated values of k/sub infinity/'s by specifying enrichment, cooling time, and burnup. Atom densities for fresh fuel, and spent fuel at cooling times of 2, 10, and 20 years are included. 13 refs., 8 figs., 8 tabs.
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Cerne, S.P.; Hermann, O.W. & Westfall, R.M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A practical guide to modern high energy particle accelerators
The purpose of these lectures is to convey an understanding of how particle accelerators work and why they look the way they do. The approach taken is physically intuitive rather than mathematically rigorous. The emphasis is on the description of proton circular accelerators and colliders. Linear accelerators are mentioned only in passing as sources of protons for higher energy rings. Electron accelerators/storage rings and antiproton sources are discussed only by way of brief descriptions of the features which distinguish them from proton accelerators. The basics of how generic accelerators work are discussed, focusing on descriptions of what sets the overall scale, single particle dynamics and stability, and descriptions of the phase space of the particle beam, the information thus presented is then used to go through the exercise of designing a Superconducting Super Collider. (LEW)
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Holmes, S.D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Negative-ion-based neutral beams for fusion
To maximize the usefulness of an engineering test reactor (e.g., ITER, TIBER), it is highly desirable that it operate under steady-state conditions. The most attractive option for maintaining the circulating current needed in the center of the plasma is the injection of powerful beams of neutral deuterium atoms. The beam simultaneously heats the plasma. At the energies required, in excess of 500 keV, such beams can be made by accelerating D/sup -/ ions and then removing the electron. Sources are being developed that generate the D/sup -/ ions in the volume of a specially constructed plasma discharge, without the addition of cesium. These sources must operate with minimum gas flow, to avoid stripping the D/sup -/ beam, and with minimum electron output. We are designing at LBL highly efficient electrostatic accelerators that combine electric strong-focusing with dc acceleration and offer the possibility of varying the beam energy at constant current while minimizing breakdown. Some form of rf acceleration may also be required. To minimize irradiation of the ion sources and accelerators, the D/sup -/ beam can be transported through a maze in the neutron shielding. The D/sup -/ ions can be converted to neutrals in a gas or plasma target, …
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Cooper, W. S.; Anderson, O. A.; Chan, C. F.; Jackson, L. T.; Kunkel, W. B.; Kwan, J. W. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Readout and trigger electronics for the TPC vertex chamber
The introduction of the vertex chamber required the addition of new front-end electronics and a new 1024-channel, high-accuracy TDC system. The preamplifier/discriminator should be capable of triggering on the first electrons and the time digitzer should preserve the measurement resolution. For the TDC's, in order to maintain compatibility with the existing TPC readout system, an upgrade of a previous inner drift chamber digitizer system has been chosen. Tests of the accuracy and stability of the original design indicated that the new design specifications would be met. The TPC detector requires a fast pretrigger to turn on its gating grid within 500 ns of the e/sup +/e/sup -/ beam crossing time, to minimize the loss of ionization information. A pretrigger based on the Straw Chamber signals, operating at a rate of about 2 K/sec, will be used for charged particle final states. In addition, in order to reject low mass Two-Photon events at the final trigger level, an accurate transverse momentum cutoff will be made by the Straw Chamber trigger logic. In this paper, we describe the readout and trigger electronics systems which have been built to satisfy the above requirements. 5 refs., 8 figs.
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Ronan, M. T.; Jared, R. C.; McGathen, T. K.; Eisner, A. M.; Broeder, W. J. & Godfrey, G. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Compositeness and QCD at the SSC
Compositeness may be signaled by an increase in the production of high transverse momentum hadronic jet pairs or lepton pairs. The hadronic jet signal competes with the QCD production of jets, a subject of interest in its own right. Tests of perturbative QCD at the SSC will be of special interest because the calculations are expected to be quite reliable. Studies show that compositeness up to a scale of 20 to 35 TeV would be detected in hadronic jets at the SSC. Leptonic evidence would be discovered for scales up to 10 to 20 TeV. The charge asymmetry for leptons would provide information on the nature of the compositeness interaction. Calorimetry will play a crucial role in the detection of compositeness in the hadronic jet signal. Deviations from an e/h response of 1 could mask the effect. The backgrounds for lepton pair production seem manageable. 30 refs., 19 figs., 10 tabs.
Date:
October 12, 1987
Creator:
Barnes, V.; Blumenfeld, B.; Cahn, R.; Chivukula, S.; Ellis, S.; Freeman, J. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Quality site seasonal report, Fort Devens Launderette, SFBP (Solar in Federal Buildings Program) 1751, December 1984 through June 1985
The active solar Domestic Hot Water (DHW) system at the Fort Devens Launderette was designed and constructed as part of the Solar in Federal Buildings Program (SFBP). This retrofitted system was one of eight systems selected for quality monitoring. The purpose of this monitoring effort was to document the performance of quality state-of-the-art solar systems in large federal buildings. The launderette is part of the Post Exchange complex at the Fort Devens Army Post in Fort Devens, Massachusetts. The solar system preheats hot water for the coin operated laundry which has an estimated 25,000 customers per year. There are 108 collector panels comprising the 2563-square foot collector array. Collected solar energy is stored in a 3800-gallon tank. Propylene glycol is used to protect the solar array from freezing. Two immersed heat exchangers provide heat transfer from the propylene glycol to directly heat the DHW supply water in the storage tank. Auxiliary energy is supplied by gas and oil boilers. This solar system can be considered one of a kind and as such is a prototype. The lessons learned from building and operating this system should be used to correct design deficiencies and improve the performance of future solar systems for …
Date:
October 15, 1987
Creator:
Logee, T.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sub-threshold excited Cl K. beta. (K-V) x-ray fluorescence from CF/sub 3/Cl molecule
With the availability of tunable synchrotron radiation sources, unoccupied molecular orbits (below vacuum level) can be selectively populated producing highly excited neutral molecules. X-ray fluorescence spectra from molecules were obtained with excitation below the ionization threshold and were observed to have significant intensity changes, absolute and relative energy position shifts and line width changes as compared to fluorescence spectra excited above the threshold. As an example, the Cl K..beta.. (K-V) emission spectra from CF/sub 3/Cl vapor are presented. The energy shifts and intensity changes are explained in terms of perturbation effects due to the presence of an electron in an unoccupied molecular orbital. The narrow line widths obtained in the spectra excited below threshold are explained in terms of the ''effective'' hole production region in a core state limited by the broadening of the unoccupied level. The change in line widths as a function of below-threshold excitation energy is proposed as a novel technique to study the localized properties and reorganization effects of a hole in a core level. 10 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Perera, R.C.C.; Cowan, P.L.; Lindle, D.W. & LaVilla, R.E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The microstructural and microchemical characterization of samples from the TMI-2 core
Samples of materials from various regions of the TMI-2 reactor core and vessel have been examined at Argonne National Laboratory with a variety of microanalytical techniques. The purpose of these examinations is to characterize the microstructure and microchemistry of the materials so that their origin could be determined, their fission-product content evaluated, and their role in the accident scenario assessed. Macroscopic and microscopic composition inhomogeneities in melted fuel from different reactor locations indicate different cooling rates and solidification temperatures. The mobility of molten fuel could have been enhanced by a low temperature eutectic in the Fe-Cr-O system. Stainless steel-clad Ag-In-Cd control rods could have failed from a eutectic reaction between the Zircaloy guide tubes and the cladding. Significant concentrations of fission-products were not found, but their release from the fuel did not appear to be enhanced by gas-generated channels along grain boundaries.
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Neimark, L. A.; Strain, R. V.; Sanecki, J. E. & Jackson, W. D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design and fabrication of advanced hybrid circuits for high energy physics
Current design and fabrication techniques of hybrid devices are explained for the Drift Chamber and the Liquid Argon Calorimeter for the Stanford Linear Collider Large Detector (SLD) at SLAC. Methods of developing layouts, ranging from hand-cut templates to advanced designs utilizing CAD tools with special hybrid design software were applied. Physical and electrical design rules for good yield and performance are discussed. Fabrication and assembly of the SLD hybrids are described. 7 refs., 10 figs.
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Haller, G.M.; Moss, J.; Freytag, D.R.; Nelson, D.; Yim, A. & Lo, C.C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library