This report on urban ozone was requested by the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, and its Subcommittee on Health and the Environment in anticipation of the upcoming reauthorization of the Clean Air Act. Of the air pollutants that the Act covers, ozone has been the most difficult to bring under control; it may well be the most expensive.

This background paper reviews the status of the major sectors of the maritime industry engaged in EEZ activities and notes the significant trends. Basic data on the major sectors were first prepared for OTA by the Maritime Administration. OTA then conducted a survey of industry and other interested parties and prepared the analyses in the paper.

This paper examines dichotomous designations used to define rural and urban areas and discusses how they are applied in certain Federal programs. In addition, several topologies are described that are useful in showing the diversity that exists within rural areas.

During the report period, work continued on the life-cycle testing, optimization and refining of the second-generation furnace assembly, which comprises all the major furnace components: The combustor, heat exchanger, and baghouse, as well as the auxiliary subsystems. The furnace has operated for about 90 hours, and has burned 1,000 pounds of CWS. During testing, the only maintenance that was performed on the system was to clean the bag filters to obtain ash samples for analysts. Concurrent with testing the second-generation furnace, fabrication and assembly of the third-generation furnace was completed, and a life-cycle testing and optimization process for this furnace has started. In contrast to the second-generation furnace, which was designed more as an experimental unit, the third-generation furnace is a stand-alone heating unit Incorporating the standard air handling system, blower, pump, and control box as part of the furnace. During the report period, the third-generation furnace operated for a total of 35 hours, and burned more than 300 pounds of CWS, with average tests lasting 6 hours. During the next quarter, life-cycle testing of the third-generation furnace will continue to identify areas needing further development.

On February 29, 1988, the Revised Closure Plan for Chestnut Ridge Sediment Disposal Basin,'' Y/TS-390 (Reference 1) was submitted to the United States Department of Energy (DOE) for review and transmittal to the Tennessee Department of Health and Environment (TDHE). The closure activities described in the closure plan have been performed. The purpose of this document is to summarize the closure activities for the Chestnut Ridge Sediment Disposal (CRSDB). The closure of CRSDB is a final closure. The Chestnut Ridge Sediment Disposal Basin (CRSDB), Unit D-025, was an unlined, man-made sediment disposal facility on Chestnut Ridge, south of New Hope Pond (NHP). The CRSDB was constructed during 1972--73 for the disposal of sediments hydraulically dredged from NHP. It was designed to hold approximately 30,000 cubic yards of sediments. Since 1973, the basin had been used for the periodic disposal of sediments excavated from NHP and its appurtenant structures. NHP has previously received discharges form RCRA-related waste streams. 19 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.

Using the dipole magnetic field model, we have developed the theory of field line resonances of hydromagnetic Alfven waves in general magnetic field geometries. In this model, the Alfven speed thus varies both perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field. Specifically, it is found that field line resonances do persist in the dipole model. The corresponding singular solutions near the resonant field lines as well as the natural definition of standing shear Alfven eigenfunctions have also been systematically derived. 11 refs.

Lately a variety of techniques have studied the electron correlation satellites with binding energies between the Argon 3s binding energy (29.24 eV) and the 2p/sup /minus/2/ ionization potential (43.38 eV). One of these techniques, Threshold Photoelectron Spectroscopy, with /approximately/90 meV FWHM resolution, revealed at least 25 individual electronic states. All of these could contribute to any other satellite spectrum, and this helped explain some discrepancies between previous measurements. This technique has been applied to the same region with higher resolution (<60 meV at the Ar 3s/sup /minus/1/peak). In this higher resolution spectrum at least 29 individual electronic states are present. In some cases the multiplet splitting is observed. 12 refs., 2 figs.

The QPA02 is a four channel DC coupled two stage transimpedance amplifier designed at Fermilab on a semicustom linear array (Quickchip 2S) manufactured by Tektronix. The chip was developed as a silicon strip amplifier but may have other applications as well. Each channel consists of a preamplifier and a second stage amplifier/sharper with differential output which can directly drive a transmission line (90 to 140 ohms). External bypass capacitors are the only discrete components required. QPA02 has been tested and demonstrated to be an effective silicon strip amplifier. Other applications may exist which can use this amplifier or a modified version of this amplifier. For example, another design is now in progress for a wire chamber amplifier, QPA03, to be reported later. Only a relatively small effort was required to modify the design and layout for this application. 11 figs.

Maywood Chemical Works (MCW) of Maywood, New Jersey, generated process wastes and residues associated with the production and refining of thorium and thorium compounds from monazite ores from 1916 to 1956. MCW supplied rare earth metals and thorium compounds to the Atomic Energy Commission and various other government agencies from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s. Area residents used the sandlike waste from this thorium extraction process mixed with tea and cocoa leaves as mulch in their yards. Some of these contaminated wastes were also eroded from the site into Lodi Brook. At the request of the US Department of Energy (DOE), a group from Oak Ridge National Laboratory conducts investigative radiological surveys of properties in the vicinity of MCW to determine whether a property is contaminated with radioactive residues, principally /sup 232/Th, derived from the MCW site. The survey typically includes direct measurement of gamma radiation levels and soil sampling for radionuclide analyses. The survey of this site, 99 Garibaldi Avenue, Lodi, New Jersey (LJ064), was conducted during 1987. Results of the survey demonstrated radionuclide concentrations in excess of the DOE Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program criteria. The radionuclide distributions are typical of the type of material originating …

We investigate the electromagnetic penguin contribution to /epsilon//prime///epsilon/ when the top quark mass is large. We find it depends sensitively on the top quark mass. 6 refs., 2 figs.

We show how to construct a topological quantum field theory which corresponds to a given moduli space. This method is applied to several cases. In particular we discuss the moduli space of flat gauge connections over a Riemann surface which is related to the phase space of the Chern-Simons theory. The observables of these theories are derived. Geometrical properties are invoked to prove that the global invariants are not trivial. 14 refs., 3 tabs.

This paper describes the design and preliminary testing of a cryogenic cooling loop that uses a thermomechanical pump to circulate superfluid liquid helium. The cooling loop test apparatus is designed to prove forced liquid helium flow concepts that will be used on the Astromag superconducting magnet facility. 3 refs., 2 figs.

ICRF power levels of up to 2.8 MW were achieved during the 1988 experimental run on TFTR. Metal impurity concentrations (Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni) and Z/sub eff/ were monitored during ICRF heating by x-ray pulse height analysis and uv spectroscopy. Antenna phasing was the key variable affecting ICRF performance. No increase in metallic impurities was observed for P/sub rf//approx lt/ 2.8 MW with the antenna straps 0-/Pi/, while a measurable increase in titanium (Faraday screen material) was observed for P/sub rf/ /approx gt/ 1.0 MW with 0-0 phasing. 18 refs., 8 figs.

Horizontal flying wire measurements give beam profiles from which information about the beam momentum distribution and betatron distribution can be extracted. When calculating these beam characteristics in the past, for the matter of simplicity, the beam has been assumed Gaussian. For beam profiles which may not be Gaussian, an algorithm to obtain the general beam momentum distribution is developed using the Fourier transform to the beam profiles. Since the profile is the convolution of the momentum distribution and the betatron distribution, using a Fourier transform method makes calculations easier. 6 figs.

An experiment to test the effect of charged Higgs exchange in /tau/ decay is proposed. It is pointed out that in the decay /tau//sup /minus///yields//nu//sub /tau// + /pi//sup/minus// + /pi//sup 0/ the effect due to Higgs exchange can be obtained by observing the angular distribution of the /pi//sup /minus// in the rest frame of the /pi//sup /minus// + /pi//sup 0/. For each value of invariant mass of the /pi//sup /minus// + /pi//sup 0/ system, the /pi//sup/minus// must have a unique p-wave angular distribution independent of the strong interaction if it is due to W/sup/minus// exchange alone. Any s-wave interference with this p-wave angular distribution can be attributed to the scalar exchange. 9 refs., 1 fig.

The physics opportunities in e/sup /plus//e/sup /minus// collisions with /radical/s /approx equal/ 1-2 GeV and e/sup /minus//e/sup /minus// collisions with /radical/s /approximately/5 GeV at Tau-Charm Factory are being explored. The low-energy e/sup /plus//e/sup /minus// option allows precise measurements of e/sup /plus//e/sup /minus// cross sections into /pi/'s and /eta/'s and hence stringent tests of the conserved-vector-current (CVC) hypothesis in /tau/ decays. Precise measurement of the total hadronic cross section also permits a more precise calculation of the muon anomalous magnetic moment (g-2). The e/sup /minus//e/sup /minus// option provides an opportunity for a sensitive search for lepton-number violating processes e/sup /minus//e/sup /minus// /yields/ /mu//sup /minus///mu//sup /minus//, /tau//sup /minus///tau//sup /minus//, /mu//sup /minus///tau//sup /minus// .... The e/sup /minus//e/sup /minus// collider also provides an ideal laboratory for two-photon physics with no one-photon background and the direct measurement of the two-photon background in one-photon physics 19 refs., 4 figs.

A time-dependent zero-dimensional code has been developed to assess the pulse length and auxiliary heating requirements of Compact Ignition Tokamak (CIT) designs. By taking a global approach to the calculation, parametric studies can be easily performed. The accuracy of the procedure is tested by comparing with the Tokamak Simulation Code which uses theory-based thermal diffusivities. A series of runs is carried out at various levels of energy confinement for each of three possible CIT configurations. It is found that for cases of interest, ignition or an energy multiplication factor Q /approx gt/ 7 can be attained within the first half of the planned five-second flattop with 10--40 MW of auxiliary heating. These results are supported by analytic calculations. 18 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.

A modified binary collision approximation (BCA) was developed to allow explicit evaluation of the times at which projectiles in a collision cascade reach significant points in their trajectories, without altering the ''event-driven'' character of the model. The modified BCA was used to study the temporal development of cascades in copper and gold, initiated by primary atoms of up to 10 keV initial kinetic energy. Cascades generated with time-ordered collisions show fewer ''distant'' Frenkel pairs than do cascades generated with velocity-ordered collisions. In the former, the slower projectiles tend to move in less-damaged crystal than they do in the latter. The effect is larger in Au than in Cu and increases with primary energy. As an approach to cascade nonlinearities, cascades were generated in which stopped cascade atoms were allowed to be redisplaced in later encounters. There were many more redisplacements in time-ordered cascades than in velocity-ordered ones. Because of the additional stopping introduced by the redisplacement events, the cascades in which they were allowed had fewer defects than occurred otherwise. This effect also was larger in Au than in Cu and larger at high energies although most of the redisplacement encounters involved only low-energy particles. 13 refs., 5 figs., 4 …

Experimental test of the existence of the right-hand W boson and the charged Higgs particle is suggested. The experiment involves measurement of muon polarization from the decay of polarized /tau/'s. 8 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

We calculate the emissivity for the pair production of helicity-flipped neutrinos, in a way that can be used in supernova calculations. We also present some simple estimates which show that such processes can act as an efficient energy-loss mechanism in the shocked supernova core, and we use this fact to extract neutrino mass limits from SN1987A neutrino observations. 24 refs., 2 figs.

Analyses of gamma and beta dose in selected regions in PWR and BWR containment buildings have been performed for a range of fission product releases from selected severe accidents. The objective of this study was to determine the radiation dose that safety-related equipment could experience during the selected severe accident sequences. The resulting dose calculations demonstrate the extent to which design basis accident qualified equipment could also be qualified for the severe accident environments. Surry was chosen as the representative PWR plant while Peach Bottom was selected to represent BWRs. Battelle Columbus Laboratory performed the source term release analyses. The AB epsilon scenario (an intermediate to large LOCA with failure to recover onsite or offsite electrical power) was selected as the base case Surry accident, and the AE scenario (a large break LOCA with one initiating event and a combination of failures in two emergency cooling systems) was selected as the base case Peach Bottom accident. Radionuclide release was bounded for both scenarios by including spray operation and arrested sequences as variations of the base scenarios. Sandia National Laboratories used the source terms to calculate dose to selected containment regions. Scenarios with sprays operational resulted in a total dose comparable …

Recent results on hadronic D/sub s/ and D decays from the Mark III collaboration are presented. The absolute branching ratio B(D/sub s//sup +/ /yields/ /phi//pi//sup +/) is studied by searching for fully reconstructed e/sup +/e/sup /minus// /yields/ D/sub s/*/sup /plus minus//D/sub s//sup /minus plus// events using seven hadronic decay modes of the D/sub s//sup +/. A limit of B(D/sub s//sup +/ /yields/ /phi//pi//sup +/) < 4.1% at 90% C.L. is obtained. Evidence is presented for the decay D/sub s//sup +/ /yields/ f/sub 0/(975)/pi//sup +/ which agrees with a recent experimental observation. Upper limits are set for the relative branching ratios B(D/sub s//sup +/ /yields/ /eta//pi//sup +/)/B(D/sub s//sup +/ /yields/ /phi//pi//sup +/) < 2.5 and B(D/sub s//sup +/ /yields/ /eta//prime//pi//sup +/)/B(D/sub s//sup +/ /yields/ /phi//pi//sup +/) < 1.9, where the /eta/ is studied in both the /gamma//gamma/ and the /pi//sup +//pi//sup /minus///pi//sup 0/ decay modes and the /eta//prime/ in the /eta//pi//sup +//pi//sup /minus//, /eta/ /yields/ /gamma//gamma/ decay chain. The resonant substructure of D/sup 0/ /yields/ K/sup /minus///pi//sup +//pi//sup /minus///pi//sup +/ and D/sup +/ /yields/ /bar K//sup 0//pi//sup +//pi//sup /minus///pi//sup +/ is studied. The branching ratio of D/sup 0/ /yields/ /bar K/*/sup 0//rho//sup 0/ is found to be smaller than the theoretically …

Maywood Chemical Works (MCW) of Maywood, New Jersey, generated process waste and residues associated with the production and refining of thorium and thorium compounds from monozite ores from 1916 to 1956. MCW supplied rare earth metals and thorium compounds to the Atomic Energy Commission and various other government agencies from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s. Areas residents used the sandlike waste from this thorium extraction process mixed with teas and cocoa leaves as mulch in their yards. Some of these contaminated wastes were also eroded from the site into Lodi Brook. At the request of the US Department of Energy (DOE), a group from Oak Ridge National Laboratory conducts investigate radiological surveys of properties in the vicinity of MCW to determine whether a property is contaminated with radioactive residues, principally /sup 232/Th, derived from the MCW site. The survey typically includes direct measurement of gamma radiation levels and soil sampling for radionuclide analyses. The survey of this site, 9 Redstone Lane, Lodi, New Jersey (LJ069), was conducted during 1987. Measurements at the private property located at 9 Redstone Lane indicate slightly elevated gamma exposure rates in association with cinder-like material observed in logging holes. These elevated levels result from …

Considerable effort has been spent by the US Department of Energy and its contractors over the last few years to develop composite phase-change materials (CPCMs) for thermal energy storage (TES). This patented TES medium consists of a phase-change material (typically a salt or metal alloy) that is retained within the porous structure of a supporting material (typically a ceramic). The objectives of this study were to (1) introduce CPCMs to industries that may not otherwise be aware of them, (2) identify potentially attractive applications for CPCM in industry, (3) determine technical requirements that will affect the design of CPCM&#x27;s for specific applications, and (4) generate interest among industrial firms for employing CPCM TES in their processes. The approach in this study was to examine a wide variety of industries using a series of screens to select those industries that would be most likely to adopt CPCM TES in their processes. The screens used in this study were process temperature, presence of time-varying energy flows, energy intensity of the industry, and economic growth prospects over the next 5 years. After identifying industries that passed all of the screens, representatives of each industry were interviewed by telephone to introduce them to CPCM …