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Solar energy system economic evaluation: final report for SEMCO-Loxahatchee, Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Palm Beach County, Florida
The economic analysis of the solar energy system that was installed at Loxahatchee, Florida Operational Test Site (OTS) is developed for Loxahatchee and four other sites typical of a wide range of environmental and economic conditions in the continental United States. This analysis is accomplished based on the technical and economic models in the f-Chart design procedure with inputs based on the characteristics of the installed system and local conditions. The results are expressed in terms of the economic parameters of present worth of system costs over a projected twenty year life, life cycle savings, year of positive savings and year of payback for the optimized solar energy system at each of the analysis sites. The sensitivity of the economic evaluation to uncertainties in constituent system and economic variables is also investigated. The results demonstrate that the solar energy system is economically viable at all of the five sites for which the analysis was conducted.
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Theory of drift, trapped-particle, and Alfven instabilities and anomalous plasma transport
Separate abstracts were prepared for each of the two included sections. (MOW)
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
Chen, L.; Chance, M. S. & Cheng, C. Z.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Technical evaluation of the proposed design modifications and technical specification changes on grid voltage degradation for the H. B. Robinson Nuclear Generating Plant, Unit 2
This report documents the technical evaluation of the proposed design modifications and technical specification changes on grid voltage degradation for the H. B. Robinson Nuclear Generating Plant Unit 2. The review criteria are based on IEEE Std. 279-1971, IEEE Std. 308-1974, and General Design Criterion 17 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 50, Appendix A requirements for determining the acceptability of the proposed system to protect the Class 1E equipment from degradation of grid voltages.
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
Selan, J.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Calculation of particulate dispersion in a design-basis tornadic storm from the Atomics International Nuclear Material Development Facility, Santa Susana, California
A three-dimensional numerical model is used to calculate ground-level air concentration and deposition (due to precipitation scavenging) after a hypothetical tornado strike at the Atomics International Nuclear Material Development Facility at Santa Susana, California. Plutonium particles less than 20 ..mu..m in diameter are assumed to be lifted into the tornadic storm cell by the vortex. The rotational characteristics of the tornadic storm are embedded within the larger mesoscale flow of the storm system. The design-basis translational wind values are based on probabilities associated with existing records of tornado strikes in the vicinity of the plant site. Turbulence exchange coefficients are based on empirical values deduced from experimental data in severe storms and from theoretical assumptions obtained from the literature. The method of moments is used to incorporate subgrid-scale resolution of the concentration within a grid cell volume. This method is a quasi-Lagrangian scheme which minimizes numerical error associated with advection. In all case studies, the effects of updrafts and downdrafts, coupled with scavenging of the particulates by precipitation, account for most of the material being deposited within 50 km downwind of the plant site. Ground-level isopleths in the x-y plane show that most of the material is deposited behind and …
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
Pepper, D.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sampling and analysis of trace-organic constituents in ambient and workplace air at coal-conversion facilities
A review of the recent literature reveals that current sampling procedures involve the use of glass fiber filters for particulate-sorbed organics and sorbent resins such as Tenax GC and XAD-2 for vapor-phase organics. Ultra trace-organic analysis of air pollutants or particulates may require the collection of a large (1000 to 3000 m/sup 3/) sample by a high volume air sampler. Personal air sampling requires a smaller (approx. = 0.5 m/sup 3/) and a portable collection apparatus. Trapped organic chemicals are recovered by solvent extraction or thermal desorption of the collector. Recovered organics are separated by using liquid chromatography or gas chromatography and are identified by ultraviolet or fluorescence spectroscopy, gas chromatography, or mass spectrometry. For quantification, standards are added to the air stream during sampling or to the filter or resin following sampling. Analysis of the requirement for air sampling in and around coal conversion plants, coupled with the findings of the literature review, indicates that a combined particulate-filter and solvent-extractable-resin sampling unit should be used to collect both particulate-sorbed organics and vapor-phase organics from workplace or ambient plant air. Such a sampler was developed for stationary, moderate-to-high-volume air sampling. Descriptions of the sampler are provided together with sampling efficiency …
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
Flotard, R D
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
/sup 56/Ni and the light curve of Type I supernova
The explanation of SN Type I by radioactive decay of /sup 56/Ni requires a relatively small value of the transparency function M/sub ej//v/sub 9//sup 2/ = 0.22 in units of M/sub solar/'s and 10/sup 9/ cm s/sup -1/ to explain the light curve. A minimum mass of /sup 56/Ni is required to explain the peak and near peak luminosity. Subsequent radioactive decay energy must escape in some other form than optical light in order to explain the rapid early and late time decay. Early ultraviolet and infrared radiation are excluded as sinks of energy by observations. PdV work is excluded by theory. The energy loss due to the escape of gamma rays and ..beta../sup +/'s with the above value of M/sub ej//v/sub 9//sup 2/ gives good agreement with the light curve after maximum, provided essentially all the trapped energy is converted to optical light. The peak of SN 1972e is explained with the above transparency value M/sub ej//v/sub 9//sup 2/ = 0.22 and mass of /sup 56/Ni of 0.25 M/sub solar/ or 0.4 M/sub solar/, and a distance of 3.2 Mpc or 4 Mpc, respectively. These values depend critically upon the prediscovery report of Austin (1972), and the assumption again …
Date:
July 24, 1980
Creator:
Colgate, S.A. & Petschek, A.G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Summary of the carbon dioxide effects research and assessment program
A brief management-oriented summary is presented of the research program. Goals, strategies, selected facts and predictions are presented. (ACR)
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Renewable Resources: a national catalog of model projects. Volume 4. Western Solar Utilization Network Region
This compilation of diverse conservation and renewable energy projects across the United States was prepared through the enthusiastic participation of solar and alternate energy groups from every state and region. Compiled and edited by the Center for Renewable Resources, these projects reflect many levels of innovation and technical expertise. In many cases, a critique analysis is presented of how projects performed and of the institutional conditions associated with their success or failure. Some 2000 projects are included in this compilation; most have worked, some have not. Information about all is presented to aid learning from these experiences. The four volumes in this set are arranged in state sections by geographic region, coinciding with the four Regional Solar Energy Centers. The table of contents is organized by project category so that maximum cross-referencing may be obtained. This volume includes information on the Western Solar Utilization Network Region. (WHK)
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Studies of heavy ion reactions and transuranic nuclei. Progress report, August 1, 1979-July 31, 1980. [Univ. of Rochester, New York, 8/1/79-7/31/80]
The study of heavy-ion reaction mechanisms at the SuperHILAC and LAMPF is reported. Preprints of five articles and manuscripts of four recent conference papers are given, along with complete citations of publications and a list of personnel. Significant work was performed in the following areas: the bombarding energy dependence of the /sup 209/Bi + /sup 136/Xe reaction; the fragment yields for specific Z and A for projectile-like fragments produced in the reaction of 8.3-MeV/u /sup 56/Fe ions with targets of /sup 56/Fe, /sup 165/Ho, /sup 209/Bi, and /sup 238/U; and time distributions of fragments from delayed fission after muon capture for muonic /sup 235/U, /sup 238/U, /sup 237/Np, /sup 239/Pu, and /sup 242/Pu. (RWR)
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
Huizenga, J. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Potential of pyroprocessing for partitioning purex wastes
The processes are extremely compact. The process reagents are highly resistant to radiation damage and, therefore, can be used to handle short-cooled, highly concentrated waste with negligible degradation. Most reagents can be recycled back through the process many times, thereby minimizing the generation of waste products, and also reducing the process cost. Fission-product wastes are discharged from the process as concentrated, solid wastes, typically in a metal matrix suitable for permanent disposal. Long cooling periods are not needed prior to conversion to a suitable waste form. The recovered actinides are obtained as metals and cen be easily stored or shipped. Pyrochemical processing of nuclear fuels should be considered as a second generation technology.
Date:
July 23, 1980
Creator:
Coops, M. S. & Sisson, D. H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
/sup 3/H(p,n)/sup 3/He differential cross sections below 5 MeV and the n-/sup 3/He cross sections. [2. 5 and 4. 0 MeV]
Complete angular distributions for the /sup 3/H(p,n)/sup 3/He reaction were measured at 2.5 and 4.0 MeV with the /sup 1/H(t,n)/sup 3/He reaction used to obtain the backward yields. Because the distributions are peaked about 17% more strongly in the backward direction than the best previous elevation suggests (based on extrapolated data), the /sup 3/H(p,n)/sup 3/He reaction cross sections below 5 MeV were re-evaluated without the extrapolated data. The results were compared with recent total n-/sup 3/He cross-section results. 3 figures, 4 tables.
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
Drosg, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Photovoltaic module electrical termination design requirement study
Motorola Inc., in conjunction with ITT Cannon, has conducted a study to develop information to facilitate the selection of existing, commercial, electrical termination hardware for photovoltaic modules and arrays. This volume of the report contains the executive summary. Module and array design parameters were investigated and recommendations were developed for use in surveying, evaluating, and comparing electrical termination hardware. Electrical termination selection criteria factors were developed and applied to nine generic termination types in each of the four application sectors: remote, residential, intermediate and industrial. Existing terminations best suited for photovoltaic modules and arrays were identified. Cost information was developed to identify cost drivers and/or requirements which might lead to cost reductions. The general conclusion is that there is no single generic termination that is best suited for photovoltaic application, but that the appropriate termination is strongly dependent upon the module construction and its support structure as well as the specific application sector.
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
Mosna, F.J. Jr. & Donlinger, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Search for narrow states produced in the reaction. pi. /sup -/p. -->. n +. gamma. 's at 13 GeV/c
A double arm lead-glass lead-scintillator calorimeter system was used to search for narrow states, such as the eta/sub c/, produced in the exclusive reactions ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. ..gamma gamma..n, ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. ..pi../sup 0/..gamma..n, and ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. ..pi../sup 0/..pi../sup 0/n at 13 GeV/c. A 90% c.l. upper limit sigma.BR < 260 pb was found for ..gamma gamma.. states with masses from 2.6 to 3.1 GeV/c/sup 2/. Corresponding limits on narrow ..pi../sup 0/..gamma.. and ..pi../sup 0/..pi../sup 0/ states are also given.
Date:
July 7, 1980
Creator:
Chiang, I. H.; Johnson, R. A. & Kwan, B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Compact Toroid Theory Planning Workshop. A panel report to the Director, Division of Applied Plasma Physics, Office of Fusion Energy
The purpose of the Workshop was to identify the most important physics issues that need to be addressed in the near term in order to assure the optimal design and timely interpretation of Compact Toroid (CT) experiments. The Panel was also asked to assess the levels of effort required to obtain priority information on appropriate time scales compatible with DOE plans to design a CT proof-of-principle experiment. The fiscal year cost anticipated for the effort recommended by the Workshop Panel (excluding costs for computing) is estimated to be approximately $5.7M. CT theory is currently funded at a level of approximately $2.0M per year.
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Current generation by minority species heating
It is proposed that electric currents be generated from the preferential heating of ions traveling in one direction but with no net momentum injected into the system. This can be accomplished with, for example, traveling waves in a two-ion-species plasma. The current can be generated efficiently enough for the scheme to be of interest in maintaining steady-state toroidal currents in a reactor.
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
Fisch, N. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Basic research needs in seven energy-related technologies, conservation, conversion, transmission and storage, environmental fission, fossil, geothermal, and solar
This volume comprises seven studies performed by seven groups at seven national laboratories. The laboratories were selected because of their assigned lead roles in research pertaining to the respective technologies. Researches were requested to solicit views of other workers in the fields.
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
In-situ impurity measurements in PDX Edge plasma
The surface analysis station of PDX combines several surface analysis techniques (AES, XPS, SIMS) for in-situ measurement of impurity fluxes in the edge-plasma. The major impurities deposited on a sample surface during nondiverted PDX discharges are oxygen, titanium (limiter material) and chlorine. The impurity fluxes measured at different radial positions decreased by a factor of ten from the plasma edge to the wall. The sample surface collecting the impurity ions is located behind a circular aperture. The observed broadening of the deposition profile of Ti relative to the aperture diameter enables an estimate to be made of the ratio of charge state/energy of Ti ions in the edge plasma. Time-resolved analyses of the deposited impurities are presented which indicate that the time behavior for various impurities may be quite different for different impurity species. This aspect is discussed in relation to probable impurity release mechanisms.
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
Staib, P.; Dylla, H.F. & Rossnagel, S.M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Predicted temperature/time histories resulting from the burial of nuclear waste canisters in bedded salt
This report provides computed thermal mappings for bedded salt surrounding canisters containing nuclear waste. This information can be used to study the possible migration of fluids within bedded salt under the influence of thermal gradients created by the heat-generating nuclear waste. The results presented were obtained from CINDA thermal models. Three different drift/canister configurations were modeled. The thermal conductivity of the salt was assumed to be temperature dependent while both the density and specific heat were assumed to be constant. Thermal power densities of 30, 75, and 150 kW/acre were examined with canister powers of 0.581 kW (51.6 canisters/acre), 3.5 kW (21.4 canisters/acre), and 3.5 kW (42.9 canisters/acre) at emplacement, respectively. These three cases resulted in maximum salt temperatures of 55/sup 0/C, 117/sup 0/C, and 176/sup 0/C, respectively; and maximum thermal gradients of -15/sup 0/C/m, -63/sup 0/C/m, and -101/sup 0/C/m, respectively. Computer-generated plots of temperature versus distance in horizontal planes at the top, midpoint, and bottom of the canister were made for several times after emplacement. Logarithmic or linear equations (whichever provided the better fit) were used to describe these curves. Derivatives of temperature with respect to distance were then taken and results of the form x(dT/dx) and dT/dx for …
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
George, O.L. Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of explosively venting aerosol-sized particles through earth-containment systems on the cloud-stabilization height
A method of approximating the cloud stabilization height for aerosol-sized particles vented explosively through earth containment systems is presented. The calculated values for stabilization heights are in fair agreement with those obtained experimentally.
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
Dyckes, G.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Model validation and sensitivity analysis of solar collector loops. Final technical report
The experimental solar collector systems at Middlebury College have been modified to permit short time resolution studies of solar collector loop performance. A variety of experiments have been performed to measure the following system properties: (a) collector efficiency, (b) collector response to step changes in insolation, (c) collector response to the introduction of cold inlet water, and (d) pump cycling as a function of control sensor location and set points. Data from these experiments have been supplied to the solar group at Drexel for validation of their analytical collector loop model.
Date:
July 30, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Numerical analysis of laminar forced convection in a spherical annulus
Calculations of steady laminar incompressible fluid-flow and heat transfer in a spherical annulus are presented. Steady pressures, temperatures, velocities, and heat transfer coefficients are calculated for an insulated outer sphere and a 0/sup 0/C isothermal inner sphere with 50/sup 0/C heated water flowing in the annulus. The inner sphere radius is 13.97 cm, the outer sphere radius is 16.83 cm and the radius ratio is 1.2. The transient axisymmetric equations of heat, mass, and momentum conservation are solved numerically in spherical coordinates. The transient solution is carried out in time until steady state is achieved. A variable mesh is used to improve resolution near the inner sphere where temperature and velocity gradients are steep. It is believed that this is the first fully two-dimensional analysis of forced flow in a spherical annulus. Local and bulk Nusselt numbers are presented for Reynolds numbers from 4.4 to 440. Computed bulk Nusselt numbers ranged from 2 to 50 and are compared to experimental results from the literature. Inlet flow jetting off the inner sphere and flow separation are predicted by the analysis. The location of wall jet separation was found to be a function of Reynolds number, indicating the location of separation depends …
Date:
July 21, 1980
Creator:
Tuft, D.B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Operational, control and protective system transient analyses of the closed-cycle GT-HTGR power plant
This paper presents a description of the analyses of the control/protective system preliminary designs for the gas turbine high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (GT-HTGR) power plant. The control system is designed to regulate reactor power, control electric load and turbine speed, control the temperature of the helium delivered to the turbines, and control thermal transients experienced by the system components. In addition, it provides the required control programming for startup, shutdown, load ramp, and other expected operations. The control system also handles conditions imposed on the system during upset and emergency conditions such as loop trip, reactor trip, or electrical load rejection.
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
Openshaw, F.L. & Chan, T.W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Combined shift and methanation in a fluidized-bed reactor. Quarterly progress report, 1 April-30 June 1980
Only one bench-scale reactor test was completed. The Harshaw Ni/Cu/Mo and UCI (composition undisclosed) catalysts were evaluated over a 12-day period at 800 F and a feed gas H/sub 2//CO ratio of 2/1. Initial conversions with both catalysts were about 33 percent; and the activities of both samples declined steadily during the test, with final conversion values in the 15 to 20 percent range. During this test, problems were experienced with water carryover into the Drierite traps, necessitating some major design changes in the water letdown system. Two subsequent attempts to initiate a second test at 950 F with these catalysts were unsuccessful for the reasons given. A 5-day PEDU test (Test SM-2) was conducted using the spent Harshaw Ni/Cu/Mo catalyst from Test SM-1 in February. The purpose was to continue the data period at H/sub 2//CO = 1/1 that was terminated prematurely during the earlier PEDU test. After a brief baseline period (H/sub 2//CO = 3/1), during which catalyst activity appeared to be normal, the feed gas was changed to approximately 31 percent H/sub 2/, 31 percent CO, 22 percent CO/sub 2/, and 16 percent CH/sub 4/; and steam was added to the feed. Some difficulty was experienced in …
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
Streeter, R C
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Borehole-inclusion stressmeter measurements in bedded salt
Sandia purchased borehole-inclusion stressmeters from a commercial supplier to measure in situ stress changes in bedded salt. However, the supplied stressmeters were difficult to set in place and gave erratic results in bedded salt. These problems were overcome with a new extended platen design. Also a straingaged transducer was designed which can be read with a conventional data logger. Due to the nonlinear behavior of bedded salt under uniaxial loading, a new empirical calibration scheme was devised. In essence, the stressmeters are calibrated as force transducers and this calibration curve is then used to determine the relationship between uniaxial stress changes in bedded salt and the gage's output. The stressmeter and calibration procedures have been applied under mine conditions and produced viable results. Future work will involve finite element analysis to calculate the observed behavior of the stressmeters. The response of the stressmeters in bedded salt is neither that of a true stressmeter or of a true strainmeter. However, repeatable calibrations make the gages very useful.
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
Cook, C.W. & Ames, E.S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library