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35,642 Matching Results
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Estimates of SASE power in the short wavelength region
Given a sufficiently bright electron beam, the self-amplified-spontaneous emission (SASE) can provide gigawatts of short wavelength coherent radiation. The advantages of SASE approach are that is requires neither optical cavity nor an imput seed laser. In this note, we estimate the peak power performance of SASE for wavelengths shorter than 1000 {Angstrom}. At each wavelength, we calculate the saturated power from a uniform parameter undulator and the enhanced power from a tapered undulator. The method described here is an adaptation of that discussed by L.H. Yu, who discussed the harmonic generation scheme with seeded laser, to the case of SASE.
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
Kim, Kwang-Je.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Simulating the operation of a port contender with SIM 4: applying Monte Carlo techniques to the Gandalf PACX IV
A simulation program, SIM 4, has been written which utilizes usage statistics to project PACK IV performance. Using this program, system managers can allocate scarce resources in an efficient manner.
Date:
March 1, 1982
Creator:
Totendino, L.F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Microwave longitudinal coupling impedance in ISABELLE vacuum chamber
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the modes above the cutoff frequency of the ISABELLE vacuum chamber, and to measure some typical values of the longitudinal coupling impedance. (The investigation was limited to only those modes that have fields in the beam pipe.) Measurements show that the impedance, Z, between 2.6 and 2.8 GHz, can be as high as 10 x n ohms, where n is the ratio of the excitation frequency of the beam divided by the fundamental rotational frequency of the ISABELLE ring. Future work calls for an investigation of the coupling impedance above 2.8 GHz; preliminary work indicates that these impedances Z/n, can be considerably higher than 10 ohms.
Date:
March 1, 1980
Creator:
Giordano, S. & Votruba, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The demand-side management program development process: A utility perspective
This report describes an aspect of DSM that has received little attention, namely, how utilities develop DSM programs. The selection of utilities to study purposely was biased in favor of those with reputations for being experienced DSM program developers so as to optimize the chances to obtain detailed information. The DSM planning process is affected by organizational factors and external influences: (1) the location of the demand-side planning department within the utility; (2) the demand-side planning group's functional responsibilities; (3) upper management participation in the DSM program development process; and (4) the organizational relationship between (or, separation of) supply-side and demand-side planning. Organizational factors reflect utilities' views of DSM programs and thus can affect the adoption of a technology- or customer-oriented approach. Despite repeated claims of the uniqueness of the demand- side planning process and its resistance to standardization, two general approaches to program development were discerned, namely technology- or customer-orientation. Although utilities consider customer related and technological factors in their DSM program development process, utilities can be differentiated by their emphasis on one or the other approach. 25 refs.
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
Wolfe, A.K. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)) & Yourstone, N.E. (Yourstone (Evelin), Albuquerque, NM (United States))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High-temperature turbine technology program hot-gas path development test. Part II. Testing
This topical report of the US Department of Energy High-Temperature Turbine Technology (DOE-HTTT) Phase II program presents the results of testing full-scale water-cooled first-stage and second-stage turbine nozzles at design temperature and pressure to verify that the designs are adequate for operation in a full-scale turbine environment. Low-cycle fatigue life of the nozzles was demonstrated by subjecting cascade assemblies to several hundred simulated startup/shutdown turbine cycles. This testing was accomplished in the Hot-Gas Path Development Test Stand (HGPDTS), which is capable of evaluating full-scale combustion and turbine nozzle components. A three-throat cascade of the first-stage turbine nozzle was successfully tested at a nozzle inlet gas temperature of 2630/sup 0/F and a nozzle inlet pressure of 11.3 atmospheres. In addition to steady-state operation at the design firing temperature, the nozzle cascade was exposed to a simulated startup/shutdown turbine cycle by varying the firing temperature. A total of 42 h at the design point and 617 thermal cycles were accumulated during the test periods. First-stage nozzle test results show that measured metal and coolant temperatures correspond well to the predicted design values. This nozzle design has been shown to be fully satisfactory for the application (2600/sup 0/F), with growth capability to 3000/sup …
Date:
March 1, 1982
Creator:
Horner, M. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hot-ion distribution function in ORMAK, the Oak Ridge Tokamak
A distortion of the Maxwellian ion-energy distribution function in tokamak-produced plasmas may be revealed in the spectral-line radiation. We report experimental evidence that (1) a change in the value of Z/sub eff/, (2) delayed gas injection, (3) neutral beam injection, and (4) liner cleaning procedures can alter the profile of the Balmer-..cap alpha.. (6563 A) line of hydrogen. The distortion is analyzed in terms of an effective toroidal-drift velocity, ion-temperature relation.
Date:
March 1, 1978
Creator:
Neidigh, R.V. & Sigmar, D.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Estimates of the number of large amplitude gusts
Preliminary estimates are presented of the number of occurrences of large amplitude gusts for use in the design of wind energy conversion systems. Existing turbulence information has been combined with an assumed wind speed distribution to arrive at the estimates. The number of large amplitude gusts per year is treated as a function of the annual mean wind speed and terrain roughness. This treatment is based upon the assumptions that the atmosphere has neutral stability during high winds and that the gustiness is induced by flow over surface roughness elements. Large gusts during thunderstorms and other severe weather phenomena are not treated. The results of the study are presented in tabular form as a function of gust amplitude and hourly average wind speed.
Date:
March 1, 1978
Creator:
Ramsdell, J.V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal waste treatment biotechnology: Progress and advantages to the utilities
Development of biotechnology for treatment of geothermal residual waste is aimed at the application of low-cost biochemical processes for the surface treatment and disposal of residual geothermal sludges. These processes, in addition to the lowering of disposal cost, are designed to be environmentally acceptable. Recent studies at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) have shown that optimization of several process variables results in fast rates (<24h) of metal removal from residual sludges at acidic pH ({minus}1--2). Optimization of the process variables also enables the removal of radioactive isotopes. In addition, the aqueous phase produced during the bioprocessing which contains solubilized metals can be further treated in a manner which precipitates out the metals and renders the aqueous effluent toxic metal free. In this paper, the various process options will be discussed in terms of biotreatment variables. Chemical composition before and after biotreatment will also be discussed in terms of long-range effects, quality assurance and potential disposal costs.
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
Premuzic, E.T.; Lin, M.S. & Jin, J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Only source of energy
Various plants that might play a role in the energy mix of the future are discussed and illustrated. Included among them are the Euphorbias and Guayule. (JGB)
Date:
March 22, 1978
Creator:
Calvin, G. J. & Calvin, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
OTEC-1 Power System Test Program: test plan for first deployment
This report describes in detail all tests planned for the first eight-month deployment of OTEC-1, a test facility constructed by the US Department of Energy in order to test heat exchangers for closed-cycle power plants using ocean thermal energy. Tests to be performed during the first-deployment period are aimed primarily at determining (1) the effectiveness of countermeasures in preventing biofouling of the heat exchanters, (2) the extent of environmental impacts associated with operation of an OTEC facility, and (3) the performance of a 1-MWe, titanium shell-and-tube evaporator and condenser pair. The condenser to be tested has plain tubes, and the evaporator employs the Linde High Flux surface on the working-fluid (ammonia) side to enhance the heat-transfer rate. This plan provides a statement of the objectives and priorities of the test program, describes the test equipment, gives a detailed account of all tests to be performed and the test schedule, and discusses provisions for management of the test program.
Date:
March 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SUMP-TYPE SOLIDIFIED-METAL SEAL
A solidified-metal seal for possible use in moIten-saIt systems was fabricated and tested on a laboratory scale/su The seal consisted of an 80 Au-20 Cu (wt%) sealant alloy in contact with IN0R-8 base metal/su Eleven successive helium-leak-tlght sealings were effected before termination of the test due to a leak in one of the mating parts/su With better control over the heating cycle and slight modifications in seal design, it is expected that the useful life of a seal of this type could be extended even further. (auth)
Date:
March 15, 1962
Creator:
Donnelly, R.G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Criteria for the Design of the Thorium Fuel Cycle Development Facility
Criteria for the conceptual design of the proposed Thorium Fuel Cycle Development Facility to be located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory were established and are presented. In addition, conceptual layouts of the building and equipment are included. Reference fuel elements and processes that were selected as a basis for developing criteria for the facility are described. (auth)
Date:
March 1, 1962
Creator:
Irvine, A.R. & Lotts, A.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Direct spectroscopic observation of charge-exchange recombination of medium-Z elements in the PLT tokamak
We report the first observation of line emission resulting directly from charge-exchange recombination of medium-Z elements (Al, Sc) injected into a PLT discharge. Transitions due to the radiative cascade immediately following charge-exchange of He-like Al and Sc were observed by a VUV spectrograph and two air monochromators. In two cases, AlXI 3209 A and ScXIX 112.1 A, the observed transition had not previously been experimentally identified. Spatial scans provided information on the profile of the neutral beam in the plasma.
Date:
March 1, 1984
Creator:
Skinner, C. H.; Suckewer, S.; Cohen, S. A.; Schilling, G.; Wilson, R. & Stratton, B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Studies of nuclear-waste migration in geologic media. Annual report, November 1976--October 1977
The confinement of nuclear wastes in geologic formations is being considered as a method of permanently disposing of the waste. Laboratory experiments (column infiltration, static absorption, and batch partitioning experiments) were performed with nuclides of Cs, Pu, Np, and Am to examine the migratory characteristics of long-lived radionuclides that could be mobilized by groundwaters infiltrating a nuclear waste repository and the surrounding geologic body. In column infiltration experiments, the positions of peak concentrations of Cs in chalk or shale columns; Pu in limestone; Am in limestone, sandstone, or tuff; and Np in a limestone column did not move when the columns were infiltrated with water. However, fractions of each of the nuclides were seen downstream from the peaks, indicating that there was a large dispersion in the relative migration rates of each of the trace elements in the lithic materials studied. The results of static absorption experiments indicate that Pu and Am are strongly absorbed from solution by the common rocks studied and that their migration relative to ground-water flow is thereby retarded. In addition, the reaction rates of dissolved nuclides with rocks were found to vary considerably in different rock-element systems. Batch partitioning experiments were performed to test whether …
Date:
March 1, 1978
Creator:
Seitz, M.G.; Rickert, P.G.; Fried, S.M.; Friedman, A.M. & Steindler, M.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Shear alfven resonances in Tokapole II
It has been suggested that efficient heating can occur by coupling energy through the shear Alfven resonance that is predicted to occur at particular locations within inhomogeneous plasmas. This heating mechanism should be applicable to tokamaks; however, the existence of the resonances in tokamaks has not yet been established experimentally. We present here direct observations of localized enhancement in the driven wave magnetic field which are compatible with theoretical predictions for the shear Alfven resonance in tokamak geometry. These resonance studies at low absorbed power will be followed by higher power heating (approx. 1 MW) presently being developed.
Date:
March 1, 1982
Creator:
Witherspoon, F.D.; Prager, S.C. & Sprott, J.C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Costs and benefits of automotive fuel economy improvement: A partial analysis
This paper is an exercise in estimating the costs and benefits of technology-based fuel economy improvements for automobiles and light trucks. Benefits quantified include vehicle cots, fuel savings, consumer's surplus effects, the effect of reduced weight on vehicle safety, impacts on emissions of CO{sub 2} and criteria pollutants, world oil market and energy security benefits, and the transfer of wealth from US consumes to oil producers. A vehicle stock model is used to capture sales, scrappage, and vehicle use effects under three fuel price scenarios. Three alternative fuel economy levels for 2001 are considered, ranging from 32.9 to 36.5 MPG for cars and 24.2 to 27.5 MPG for light trucks. Fuel economy improvements of this size are probably cost-effective. The size of the benefit, and whether there is a benefit, strongly depends on the financial costs of fuel economy improvement and judgments about the values of energy security, emissions, safety, etc. Three sets of values for eight parameters are used to define the sensitivity of costs and benefits to key assumptions. The net present social value (1989$) of costs and benefits ranges from a cost of $11 billion to a benefit of $286 billion. The critical parameters being the discount …
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
Greene, D.L. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)) & Duleep, K.G. (Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington, VA (United States))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
(NLUF user-application of a high-density gas laser target to the physics x-ray lasers and coronal plasmas)
None
Date:
March 13, 1992
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
HIVELITE propellant characterization
None
Date:
March 14, 1975
Creator:
Finger, M. & Hayes, B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Field characterization and personal dosimetry at a high energy ion accelerator
The response of a variety of dosimeters was evaluated in the radiation field outside the shielding of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Bevalac Biomedical Facility. The primary beam was 580 MeV/center dot/A neon ions, incident upon a 30.5-cm polyethylene cube. The field was characterized by a neutron spectrometer consisting of Bonner spheres and other detectors and by estimates of charged particle fluences in NTA film and in the Berklet spectrometer. The responses of American Acrylics CR-39 track-etch plastic detectors and AECL (Canada) type BD-100 Bubble Detectors were compared to those of NTA film, Andersson-Braun remmeter and recombination-chamber results as well as to reference dose equivalents based upon the unfolded neutron spectrum. Evaluations of these dosimeters are discussed. 7 refs., 4 figs.
Date:
March 1, 1988
Creator:
Greenhouse, N. A.; Busick, D. D.; de Castro, T. M.; Elwyn, A. J.; Hankins, D. E.; Ipe, N. E et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
LIMB Demonstration Project Extension
The basic goal of the Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) demonstration is to extend LIMB technology development to a full- scale application on a representative wall-fired utility boiler. The successful retrofit of LIMB to an existing boiler is expected to demonstrate that (a) reductions of 50 percent or greater in SO{sub x} and NO{sub x} emissions can be achieved at a fraction of the cost of add-on FGD systems, (b) boiler reliability, operability, and steam production can be maintained at levels existing prior to LIMB retrofit, and (c) technical difficulties attributable to LIMB operation, such as additional slagging and fouling, changes in ash disposal requirements, and an increased particulate load, can be resolved in a cost-effective manner. The primary fuel to be used will be an Ohio bituminous coal having a nominal sulfur content of 3 percent or greater.
Date:
March 15, 1989
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lecture notes for criticality safety
These lecture notes for criticality safety are prepared for the training of Department of Energy supervisory, project management, and administrative staff. Technical training and basic mathematics are assumed. The notes are designed for a two-day course, taught by two lecturers. Video tapes may be used at the options of the instructors. The notes provide all the materials that are necessary but outside reading will assist in the fullest understanding. The course begins with a nuclear physics overview. The reader is led from the macroscopic world into the microscopic world of atoms and the elementary particles that constitute atoms. The particles, their masses and sizes and properties associated with radioactive decay and fission are introduced along with Einstein's mass-energy equivalence. Radioactive decay, nuclear reactions, radiation penetration, shielding and health-effects are discussed to understand protection in case of a criticality accident. Fission, the fission products, particles and energy released are presented to appreciate the dangers of criticality. Nuclear cross sections are introduced to understand the effectiveness of slow neutrons to produce fission. Chain reactors are presented as an economy; effective use of the neutrons from fission leads to more fission resulting in a power reactor or a criticality excursion. The six-factor formula …
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
Fullwood, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Emission Characteristics of Tantalum, Tungsten, Rhenium, and Iridium in Plasma Diodes
Experimental determinations of the ionic and electronic emission characteristics of Ta, W, Re, and lr cathodes in vapor thermionic converters are compared. It is shown that Ta provides superior thermal ionization qualities at high pressure compared with W, Re, and Lr. High electronic current densities may be obtained from Cs on Re and Cs on Ir at much lower Cs vapor pressures than from Ta or W. An over-all efficiency of 19% was achieved with a Re cathode at 2440 deg K. (auth)
Date:
March 15, 1962
Creator:
Gust, W. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
''Sensing'' the elliptical torus
A method is given for testing the location of an arbitrary point P=(x,y,z) relative to the toroidal surface generated by rotation of an ellipse (y - y-bar)/sup 2//b/sup 2/ + (z - z-bar)/sup 2//c/sup 2/ = 1, b,c,z-bar > o, about the Y axis. This includes the orientation of P with respect to both the outer and inner surfaces fo the degenerate torus generated by an ellipse with c > z-bar. 2 figures.
Date:
March 1, 1978
Creator:
Cashwell, E.D. & Everett, C.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Improved drilling: a part of the energy solution
None
Date:
March 1, 1975
Creator:
Alvis, R.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library