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Pacific Northwest Laboratory, annual report for 1983 to the DOE Office of Energy Research. Part 4. Physical sciences (open access)

Pacific Northwest Laboratory, annual report for 1983 to the DOE Office of Energy Research. Part 4. Physical sciences

Part 4 of the Pacific Northwest Laboratory Annual Report for 1983 to the Office of Energy Research, includes those programs funded under the title Physical and Technological Research. The Field Task Program Studies reports in this document are grouped under the subheadings and each section is introduced by a divider page that indicates the Field Task Agreement reported in that section. These reports only briefly indicate progress made during 1983. The reader should contact the principal investigators named or examine the publications cited for more details.
Date: February 1, 1984
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Peregrine Falcon study. Final report (open access)

Peregrine Falcon study. Final report

Three papers are included. A separate abstract was prepared for each. (MHR)
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
NRC plan for cleanup operations at Three Mile Island Unit 2 (open access)

NRC plan for cleanup operations at Three Mile Island Unit 2

This NRC Plan, which defines NRC's functional role in cleanup operations at Three Mile Island Unit 2 and outlines NRC's regulatory responsibilities in fulfilling this role, is the first revision to the initial plan issued in July 1980 (NUREG-0698). Since 1980, a number of policy developments have occurred which will have an impact on the course of cleanup operations. This revision reflects these developments in the area of NRC's review and approval process with regard to cleanup operations as well as NRC's interface with the Department of Energy's involvement in the cleanup and waste disposal. This revision is also intended to update the cleanup schedule by presenting the cleanup progress that has taken place and NRC's role in ongoing and future cleanup activities.
Date: February 1, 1982
Creator: Lo, R. & Snyder, B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
First wall/blanket/shield design and optimization system (open access)

First wall/blanket/shield design and optimization system

First wall/blanket/shield design and optimization system (BSDOS) has been developed to provide a state-of-the-art design tool for fast accurate analysis. In addition, it has been designed to perform several other functions: (1) allowing comparison and evaluation studies for different concepts using the same data bases and ground rules, (2) permitting the use of any figure of merit in the evaluation studies, (3) optimizing the first wall/blanket/shield design parameters for any figure of merit under several design constraints, (4) permitting the use of different reactor parameters in the evaluation and optimization analyses, (5) allowing the use of improved eingineering data bases to study the impact on the design performance for planning future research and development, and (6) evaluating the effect of the data base uncertainties on the design performance. BSDOS is the first design and optimization system to couple the highly interacting neutronics, heat transfer, thermal hydraulics, stress analysis, radioactivity and decay-heat analyses, tritium balance, and capital cost. A brief description of the main features of BSDOS is given in this paper. Also, results from using BSDOS to perform design analysis for several reactor components are presented. 17 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.
Date: February 1, 1988
Creator: Gohar, Y.; Baker, C.; Attaya, H.; Cha, Y.; Majumdar, S. & Scandora, T.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Boundary element formulation for planar time-dependent inelastic deformation of plates with cutouts (open access)

Boundary element formulation for planar time-dependent inelastic deformation of plates with cutouts

A boundary element formulation for planar, time-dependent, inelastic deformation problems for bodies with cutouts is presented in this paper. A stress function description for these nonlinear problems leads to a nonhomogeneous biharmonic equation for the stress function rate. An integral representation of the solution uses modified kernels which guarantee that the cutout boundary is traction free for all time. This incorporation of the effect of the cutout on the stress field into the kernels leads to an accurate determination of stresses in the near field of the cutout. Illustrative analytical examples for circular plates with circular cutouts are presented in this paper. In a companion paper, numerical solutions are presented for problems of finite plates with very narrow elliptic cutouts. These problems are of considerable importance in inelastic fracture.
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Mukherjee, S. & Morjaria, M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Extracted current densities from surface conversion sources of negative ions (open access)

Extracted current densities from surface conversion sources of negative ions

The condition for extracting a maximum negative ion current density is found when the product of the radius of the negative ion conversion electrode, the cross-section for negative and positive ion recombination, and the density of positive ions in the ion source equals one. The optimum output is obtained at the highest positive ion density and the smallest electrode radius.
Date: February 10, 1982
Creator: Fink, J.H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy Program annual report (open access)

Energy Program annual report

The national economy is particularly dependent on efficient electrical generation and transportation. Electrical demand continues to grow and will increasingly rely on coal and nuclear fuels. The nuclear power industry still has not found a solution to the problem of disposing of the waste produced by nuclear reactors. Although coal is in ample supply and the infrastructure is in place for its utilization, environmental problems and improved conversion processes remain technical challenges. In the case of transportation, the nation depends almost exclusively on liquid fuels with attendant reliance on imported oil. Economic alternates---synfuels from coal, natural gas, and oil shale, or fuel cells and batteries---have yet to be developed or perfected so as to impact the marketplace. Inefficiencies in energy conversion in almost all phases of resource utilization remain. These collective problems are the focus of the Energy Program.
Date: February 1, 1988
Creator: Borg, I.Y. (ed.)
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Modeling studies on the precipitation of Kr after implantation into metals (open access)

Modeling studies on the precipitation of Kr after implantation into metals

A rate-theory approach is applied to interpreting observations on the precipitation of Kr injected into Ni at temperatures between 25 and 560/degree/C. At temperatures of 400/degree/C or higher, the implanted Kr precipitates evolve into a bi-modal size distribution containing small solid precipitates and an additional population of larger, faceted bubbles. The calculations explore the dependence of the observed bi-modal distribution on the maximum size of the solid Kr precipitates and the effect of this dependence on bubble mobility. The analysis suggests that during the irradiation, whereas the large bubbles move by surface diffusion, the solid Kr precipitates are immobile. The relevance of the Kr-Ni interaction on the solid Kr precipitates size cutoff is discussed. 18 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.
Date: February 1, 1988
Creator: Rest, J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
EPICS System: An Overview (open access)

EPICS System: An Overview

This paper presents an overview of the EPICS control system at FERMILAB. EPICS is a distributed, multi-user, interactive system for the control and monitoring of particle beamlines at a high-energy experimental physics laboratory. The overview discusses the operating environment of the control system, the requirements which determined the design decisions, the hardware and software configurations, and plans for the future growth and enhancement of the present system. This paper is the first of three related papers on the EPICS system. The other two cover (1) the system structure and user interface and (2) RSX implementation issues.
Date: February 1, 1984
Creator: Bartlett, J. F.; Bobbitt, J. S.; Kramper, B. J.; Lahey, T. E.; MacKinnon, B. A. & West, R. E.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Structural materials for breeder reactor cores and coolant circuits (open access)

Structural materials for breeder reactor cores and coolant circuits

The structural components of principal interest in LMFBR cores and cooling circuits include the reactor vessel, primary and secondary piping, intermediate heat exchanger (IHX), and steam generator. Load-bearing components inside the vessel, among these the fuel cladding and duct, are also included. The operating conditions present in a fast-breeder nuclear reactor impose a number of requirements on the mechanical, physical, and neutronic properties of the materials used to construct these components.
Date: February 1, 1984
Creator: Diercks, D. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Statistical fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions (open access)

Statistical fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions

The relevance of the statistical equilibrium limit to the description of substantially relaxed degrees of freedom is discussed. Fluctuations are considered specifically in the following processes: the correlation between entrance-channel angular momentum and exit-channel kinetic energy; the sharing of the dissipated kinetic energy between the two fragments; the magnitude and the alignment of the fragment angular momentum including the effect of shell structure. It is found that statistical fluctuations play a major role and that the statistical equilibrium limit seems to have been reached for a number of degrees of freedom.
Date: February 1, 1982
Creator: Moretto, Luciano G.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fusion energy development: Breakeven and beyond: Keynote address (open access)

Fusion energy development: Breakeven and beyond: Keynote address

The scientific feasibility, technological inevitability, and economic necessity of fusion as an energy source are discussed.
Date: February 1, 1988
Creator: Furth, H.P.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Thermophysical properties of argon (open access)

Thermophysical properties of argon

The entire report consists of tables of thermodynamic properties (including sound velocity, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, Prandtl number, density) of argon at 86 to 400/degree/K, in the form of isobars over 0.9 to 100 bars. (DLC)
Date: February 1, 1988
Creator: Jaques, A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Management and organizational assessments: a review of selected organizations (open access)

Management and organizational assessments: a review of selected organizations

This report is part of a larger project designed to assist the NRC in its responsibilities for assessing the management and organization of utilities applying for an operating license for a nuclear power plant. This report reviews the processes and criteria used by other organizations that conduct management and organization audits and evaluations. It was undertaken in order to provide data and a basis for future analysis by taking a comparative perspective. When considering changes in criteria and procedures as the NRC is doing, a standard benchmark is the performance of other organizations that are similarly situated. It was our goal to directly inform the NRC about the activities of other organizations so that a reconsideration of NRC activities could benefit from the perspective of organizations with a longer, broader, and different experience than the NRC has in the management and organization area. Data collected for this report has provided useful information in designing organization and administration guidelines and assessment procedures for consideration by the NRC.
Date: February 1, 1984
Creator: Nadel, M. V. & Kerwin, C. M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
DAS performance analysis (open access)

DAS performance analysis

This report begins with an overview of the Data Acquisition System (DAS), which supports several of PPPL's experimental devices. Performance measurements which were taken on DAS and the tools used to make them are then described.
Date: February 1, 1984
Creator: Bates, G.; Bodine, S.; Carroll, T. & Keller, M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The safety record at the tritium systems test assembly (open access)

The safety record at the tritium systems test assembly

This work addresses an important objective of the TSTA-demonstrating that the large tritium inventories required for fusion reactors can be routinely handled, without radiation exposure to operating personnel and without significant environemtnal releases. The techniques by which TSTA has achieved low releases and personnel exposures include high-integrity primary piping systems that exclude contact between tritium and organic materials, a secondary containment system that encloses all primary tritium piping in a controlled environment, an efficient, all-purpose tritium waste-treatment plant with 100% availability, and ultrasensitive, real-time diagnostics for anticipating and preventing releases, and for detection and location of tritium leaks in a low-risk mode. 5 refs., 11 figs., 2 tabs.
Date: February 1, 1988
Creator: Coffin, D.O.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Blanket technology experiments at Argonne National Laboratory (open access)

Blanket technology experiments at Argonne National Laboratory

Argonne National Laboratory has the largest US program for the development of blanket technology. The goals of the program are to resolve critical issues for different blanket concepts, to develop the understanding and predictive capability of blanket behavior, and to develop the technology needed to build and operate advanced fusion blankets. The projects within the program are liquid metal MHD, breeder neutronics, tritium oxidation, transient electromagnetics, FLIBE chemistry, and insulator coatings. The present status and recent results of the projects are described.
Date: February 1, 1988
Creator: Mattas, R. F.; Reed, C. B.; Picologlou, B.; Finn, P.; Clemmer, R.; Porges, K. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Silicon mass transfer in sodium loops and the resulting/thermal hydraulic effects. [LMFBR] (open access)

Silicon mass transfer in sodium loops and the resulting/thermal hydraulic effects. [LMFBR]

The element silicon in the surface of new, 300 series stainless steel has been shown to rapidly dissolve in sodium above 525/sup 0/C. It deposits in slightly cooler regions as a crystalline compound with sodium and oxygen. In tests, the deposits have caused increases in hydraulic friction factor (hence, increased pressure loss) of up to 300% at Reynolds Numbers of 14/sup 4/ to 10/sup 5/.Also, they have contributed to local losses of heat transfer rate to 1/10 the original value, at a Reynolds Number of approximately 10/sup 4/. The crystals quickly decompose when out of sodium. Measurements made with a sodium loop (volume = 0.42 m/sup 3/) include compound solubility vs temperature, loop conditions vs source rates and deposit transfer rates. Laboratory examinations and analyses of the crystals have also been made. The effects of this material have been observed also in a number of other loops. With the data from these studies, such effects are now explained and can be controlled or eliminated by system design and operation.
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Yunker, W.H.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Middle Fork and Upper Salmon River Habitat Improvement Implementation Plan, FY 1988-1992. (open access)

Middle Fork and Upper Salmon River Habitat Improvement Implementation Plan, FY 1988-1992.

This document presents an implementation plan for completing the phase II portion of the Middle Fork and Upper Salmon River Habitat Improvement Agreement. Underseeding of spawning adult salmon and steelhead, high instream sediment levels, a lack of habitat diversity in the form of overhanging riparian vegetation and edge, and barriers to both adult and juvenile anadromous fish migration were identified as the principal factors limiting anadromous fish production in the project area. Underseeding is being addressed in other projects sponsored and funded by the Bonneville Power Administration while this implementation plan lays out a schedule for resolving the other identified limiting factors. The primary goal of this program is to increase the quality and quantity of anadromous fish habitat (spring chinook and summer steelhead) with an emphasis on the survival of the wild stocks. This goal will be achieved by reducing the impact of sediment loading, improving riparian vegetation, eliminating passage barriers, and increasing habitat diversity. Meeting the above goal will provide off-site mitigation under the manadate of the pacific northwest electric power planning and conservation act of 1980. Project implementation will follow measures in the Northwest Power Council's Columbia River Fish and Wildlife Program. 9 refs., 3 figs., 5 …
Date: February 1, 1988
Creator: Andrews, John & Everson, Larry B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Gamma rays from Cygnus X-1: Modeling and nonthermal pair production (open access)

Gamma rays from Cygnus X-1: Modeling and nonthermal pair production

The gamma-ray bump observed between 0.5 and 2 MeV in the spectrum of Cygnus X-1 can be interpreted as the thermal emissions from a hot (kT)approximately)400 keV) pair-dominated cloud. We argue that the X-rays and gamma rays are produced in separate emission regions, and calculate the photon-photon pair production rate from X-ray and gamma-ray interactions in the vicinity of Cyg X-1 by employing a simplified geometry for the two emitting regions.
Date: February 1, 1988
Creator: Dermer, C. D. & Liang, E. P.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Radioactive waste isolation in salt: peer review of the Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation's Geochemical Program Plan (open access)

Radioactive waste isolation in salt: peer review of the Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation's Geochemical Program Plan

Describe the management program for coordinating subcontractors and their work, and integrating research results. Appropriate flowcharts should be included. Provide more information on the overall scope of the program. For each subcontractor, provide specific workscopes that indicate whether analytical activities are developmental or routine, approximate number of analyses to be made, and something of the adequacy of the analyses to meet program goals. Indicate interfaces with other earth-science disciplines like hydrology and with other groups doing relevant geochemical research and engineering design. Address the priorities for each activity or group of activities. High priority should be given to early development of a geochemical statement of what constitutes suitable salt for a repository. Reference standard procedures for sampling, sample preservation, and sample analysis wherever appropriate or, if not appropriate, indicate that any deviations from standard procedures will be documented. Ensure that appropriate quality assurance procedures will be followed for the procedures listed above. Include specific procedures for the choice, verification, validation, and documentation of computer codes related to the geochemical aspects of repository performance assessment. Include activities addressing regional hydrochemistry and make clear that each principal hydrogeologic unit at each site will be studied geochemically. Indicate that proposed plans for obtaining …
Date: February 1, 1984
Creator: Harrison, W.; Seitz, M.; Fenster, D.; Lerman, A.; Brookins, D. & Tisue, M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Existence of fcc TiCr/sub 1/ /sub 8/H/sub 5/ /sub 3/ (open access)

Existence of fcc TiCr/sub 1/ /sub 8/H/sub 5/ /sub 3/

Originally an orthorhombic structure was assigned to the non-stoichiometric hydride TiCr/sub 1/ /sub 8/H/sub 3/ /sub 6/. Recent neutron and x-ray diffraction data indicated, however, that an alternate interpretation was possible, i.e. the solid consists of two hydride phases, an ..cap alpha..' Laves phase having a composition of TiCr/sub 1/ /sub 8/H/sub 2/ /sub 8/ and an fcc phase with a much higher hydrogen content. This proved to be the case and it has been determined that the high concentration phase has a disordered fluorite structure with a/sub o/=4.27 A. Its hydrogen content, as estimated from diffraction peak intensities, corresponds to TiCr/sub 1/ /sub 8/H/sub 5/ /sub 3/. We have not been able to produce single phase fcc material but have prepared a mixed phase sample with an overall composition of TiCr/sub 1/ /sub 8/H/sub 4/ /sub 8/. The high-pressure reaction leading to the formation of the fluorite phase is very sluggish and irreversible. Pressure-composition-temperature (p-c-T) properties of this system have been determined and are discussed and a revised phase diagram is proposed.
Date: February 1, 1982
Creator: Johnson, J. R.; Reilly, J. J.; Reidinger, F.; Corliss, L. M. & Hastings, J. M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nonlinear gyrokinetic theory for finite-BETA plasmas (open access)

Nonlinear gyrokinetic theory for finite-BETA plasmas

A self-consistent and energy-conserving set of nonlinear gyrokinetic equations, consisting of the averaged Vlasov and Maxwell's equations for finite-..beta.. plasmas, is derived. The method utilized in the present investigation is based on the Hamiltonian formalism and Lie transformation. The resulting formation is valid for arbitrary values of k/perpendicular//rho//sub i/ and, therefore, is most suitable for studying linear and nonlinear evolution of microinstabilities in tokamak plasmas as well as other areas of plasma physics where the finite Larmor radius effects are important. Because the underlying Hamiltonian structure is preserved in the present formalism, these equations are directly applicable to numerical studies based on the existing gyrokinetic particle simulation techniques. 31 refs.
Date: February 1, 1988
Creator: Hahm, T. S.; Lee, W. W. & Brizard, A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of x-ray production in TMX upgrade (open access)

Analysis of x-ray production in TMX upgrade

TMX Upgrade (TMX-U), a tandem mirror experiment at LLNL, will use high power microwaves for electron cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH). As demonstrated on Elmo Bumpy Torus (EBT) and related experiments which use similar heating techniques, high energy electron populations are created. In these devices, which run CW, significant x-ray production occurs and adequate shielding must be provided for personnel protection. TMX-U is a pulsed experiment; however, significant x-ray production is expected from the 50 keV mean energy electron population. In this report the expected x-ray generation is calculated and the provisions for shielding are described. Based upon these calculations, as well as scaling estimates from other devices, the provided shielding is shown to be adequate for hot electron temperatures of interest for the experiment.
Date: February 4, 1982
Creator: Stallard, B. & Stephens, L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library