In this work we have investigated the performance of an antibody-based fiberoptics sensor for the detection of the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene and its DNA-adduct product BP-tetrol. The excellent sensitivity of this device - femtomole limits of detection for BP - illustrates that it has considerable potential to perform analyses of chemical and biological samples at trace levels in complex matrices. The results indicate that fiberoptics-based fluoroimmunosensors can be useful in a wide spectrum of biochemical and clinical analyses. 17 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

A free-electron laser user facility for scientific experimentation in the extreme ultraviolet is being developed at Los Alamos. A series of laser oscillators and amplifiers, driven by a single, rf linear accelerator, will generate broadly tunable, picosecond-pulse, coherent radiation from 1 nm to 400 nm. The design and output parameters of this facility are described, comparison with synchrotron radiation sources is made, and recent progress in developing the three primary components (electron beam, undulator, and resonator mirrors) is reviewed, and various categories of scientific applications are indicated.

For four decades the US Department of Energy and its predecessors have been the lead federal agency in supporting radiation biology research. Over the years emphasis in this program has gradually shifted from dose-effect studies on animals to research on the effects of radiations of various qualities on cells and molecules. Mechanistic studies on the action of radiation at the subcellular level are few in number and there is a need for more research in this area if we are to gain a better understanding of how radiation affects living cells. The intent of this workshop was to bring together DOE contractors and grantees who are investigating the effects of radiation at the cellular and molecular levels. The aims were to foster the exchange of information on research projects and experimental results, promote collaborative research efforts, and obtain an overview of research currently supported by the Health Effects Research Division of the Office of Health and Environmental Research. The latter is needed by the Office for program planning purposes. This report on the workshop which took place in Albuquerque, New Mexico on March 10-11, 1987, includes an overview with future research recommendations, extended abstracts of the plenary presentations, shorter abstracts …

Although C/sub 3//sup +/ is considered to be the fundamental building block of the larger carbon clusters, the geometry of this molecule is unknown. Several authors have reported results of ab initio calculations in which the optimized geometry of the ion is deduced, assuming a linear configuration, in agreement with the structure of the neutral C/sub 3/ molecule. We report here the results of a series of measurements exploiting the Coulomb Explosion Method (CEM) to study the geometric structure of the C/sub 3//sup +/ ion. Our results indicate a cyclic structure for this ion. For comparison, measurements were also made of the carbon geometries of small hydrocarbon cations of the form C/sub 3/H/sub n//sup +/ (n = 1-4). Ring structures, of varying rigidities, are observed for all of these except C/sub 3/H/sub 4//sup +/ which exhibits a linear geometry. We also present results for doubly-charged species. 21 refs., 2 figs.

The wavelength of the fine structure transition 1s2s /sup 3/S/sub 1/ - 1s2p /sup 3/P/sub 2/ in Ni XXVII has been measured using fast-ion spectroscopy. The transition energy is sensitive to relativistic and Lamb shift corrections in this high-Z two-electron system. Comparison is made with measurements in other high-Z ions and with recent theoretical calculations. A preliminary measurement of the 1s/sup 2/2s /sup 2/S/sub 1/2/ - 1s/sup 2/2p /sup 2/P/sub 1/2/ find structure transition in Ni XXVI is also reported. 18 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.

The National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory is active in the development of high energy data bases for space applications. Validated data and methods of interaction analysis are needed to explain and predict radiation patterns. The NNDC uses methods consisting of nuclear systematics and nuclear model codes to provide neutron and proton induced reaction data from 1 MeV and 1 GeV. The data can placed in convenient form for use by radiation transport codes. In addition to cross-sections, nuclear structure and radioactive decay data are also stored in data bases. Data are distributed by the NNDC in a variety of ways including on-line access through computer networks or telephone lines. 7 refs., 7 figs.

The application of synchrotron radiation to an x-ray microprobe for trace element analysis is a complementary and natural extension of existing microprobe techniques using electrons, protons, and heavier ions as excitation sources for x-ray fluorescence. The ability to focus charged particles leads to electron microprobes with spatial resolutions in the sub-micrometer range and down to 100 ppM detection limits and proton microprobes with micrometer resolution and ppM detection limits. The characteristics of synchrotron radiation that prove useful for microprobe analysis include a broad and continuous energy spectrum, a relatively small amount of radiation damage compared to that deposited by charged particles, a highly polarized source which reduces background scattered radiation in an appropriate counting geometry, and a small vertical divergence angle of approx.0.2 mrad which allows for focussing of the light beam into a small spot with high flux. The features of a dedicated x-ray microprobe beam line developed at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) are described. 4 refs., 3 figs.

The data acquisition system assembled to study magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity on the Impurity Study Experiment (ISX-B) tokamak at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is being revised for use on the Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF). The new hardware and software architectures are based on ISX-B experience and will feature different modes of operation for storing various subsets of available data, a user interface that requires less routine activity than the earlier system, and continued support of calibration and testing measurement used on ISX-B. The new hardware organization and software components are described in detail. 2 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.

Finite dimensionality is shown to exist in the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation periodic on the interval (0,1). A cone condition is derived and explained which gives upper bounds on the number of Fourier modes required to span the universal attractor and hence upper bounds on the attractor dimension itself. In terms of the parameter R these bounds are not large. For instance, when vertical bar ..mu.. vertical bar less than or equal to ..sqrt..3, the Fourier spanning dimension is 0(R/sup 3/2/). Lower bounds are estimated from the number of unstable side-bands using ideas from work on the Eckhaus instability. Upper bounds on the dimension of the attractor itself are obtained by bounding (or, for vertical bar ..mu.. vertical bar less than or equal to ..sqrt..3, computing exactly) the Lyapunov dimension and invoking a recent theorem of Constantin and Foias, which asserts that the Lyapunov dimension, defined by the Kaplan-Yorke formula, is an upper bound on the Hausdorff dimension. 39 refs., 7 figs.

We have now seen the first results from experiments with high energy nuclear beams at Brookhaven and CERN. These experiments, which began about a year ago, use fixed targets at the AGS and SPS. These programs have begun with relatively light ions (A less than or equal to 32 amu) to explore states of compressed nuclear matter in which high energy density is achieved in an environment of high baryon density at energies near the maximum for nuclear stopping. The widespread interest and excitement which these experiments have generated is due in large part to the fact that they are providing the first glimpse of what is expected to be an entire new regime of physical phenomena, and that these experiments will be followed in the near future by measurements with much higher beam masses and much higher collision energies. This is the mission of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) project now being prepared for construction at Brookhaven. In this presentation the author briefly describes the experiments which are now being carried out with ions accelerated in the AGS and the plans for heavier beams in the near future with the completion of the AGS Booster Synchrotron, which is …

The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Solar Dynamic Power System (SDPS) is one of the candidates for Space Station prime power application. In the low earth orbit of the Space Station approximately 34 minutes of the 94-minute orbital period is spent in eclipse with no solar energy input to the power system. For this period the SDPS will use thermal energy storage (TES) material to provide a constant power output. Sundstrand Corporation is developing a ORC-SDPS candidate for the Space Station that uses toluene as the organic fluid and LiOH as the TES material. An integrated heat-pipe thermal storage receiver system is being developed as part of the ORC-SDPS solar receiver. This system incorporates potassium heat pipe elements to absorb and transfer the solar energy within the receiver cavity. The heat pipes contain the TES canisters within the potassium vapor space with the toluene heater tube used as the condenser region of the heat pipe. During the insolation period of the earth orbit, solar energy is delivered to the heat pipe in the ORC-SDPS receiver cavity. The heat pipe transforms the non-uniform solar flux incident in the heat pipe surface within the receiver cavity to an essentially uniform flux at the …

The objective of this study is to determine the optimum electrolyte composition for molten carbonate fuel cells. To accomplish this, the contractor will provide: (1) Comprehensive reports of on-going efforts to optimize carbonate composition. (2) A list of characteristics affected by electrolyte composition variations (e.g. ionic conductivity, vapor pressure, melting range, gas solubility, exchange current densities on NiO, corrosion and cathode dissolution effects). (3) Assessment of the overall effects that these characteristics have on state-of-the-art cell voltage and lifetime.

Experimental charged particle inclusive and exclusive parameters for several nuclear systems are compared with microscopic model predictions based on the Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation, for various density-dependent nuclear equations of state (EOS). Inclusive variables and multiplicity distributions are in good agreement, and are not sensitive to the EOS. Rapidity spectra show evidence of being useful in determining whether the model uses the correct sections for binary collisions in the nuclear medium, and whether momentum dependent interactions are correctly incorporated. Sideward flow parameters do not favor the same nuclear incompressibility at all multiplicities, and there are indications that the present model may provide only an upper limit on the true stiffness of the EOS. Findings relating to impact parameter averaging and the mass and energy dependence of transverse flow are also presented. 24 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

SAMS performs much of the synchronization of the distributed data acquisition system for the Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF). SAMS is responsible for propagating shot information and managing te data system directories and logical names. This paper describes how SAMS communicates with other processes, both within the VAX cluster that supports most of the ATF data acquisition and on VAXes that are connected to the cluster via DECnet. 3 refs.

A beamport is currently being instrumented to utilize high energy synchrotron radiation from the superconducting wiggler magnet on the x-ray at the National Synchrotron Light Source. Two independent programs are being developed to run in tandem, non-concurrently, on the central beamline: material sciences on X17B1 and medical research/angiography on X17B2. A high pressure research program will run independently on a side station, X17C. Considerations in the design of the beamline include handling severe power loading, radiation shielding protection and beam energy filtering.

The philosophy and numerical implementation of hybrid algorithms are reviewed. In the hybrid approximation, a plasma is described by a set of discrete equations, equivalent to a Vlasov-fluid system. The dynamics of one or more species are modeled using moment equations, while the remaining species are treated as a large number of individual macro-particles. In this paper the hybrid method will be compared to fluid and particle-in-cell algorithms, and the strengths and weaknesses of the various methods will be discussed. A specific limit of the hybrid model, that of macro-particle ions and massless, charge-neutralizing fluid electrons, will be analyzed in detail with particular emphasis on multi-dimensional codes.

The advent of sophisticated window and operating system tools during the past several years has made it possible to provide user interfaces that are not as card- or line-oriented as previous interfaces. In addition, networking software has made it possible to distribute work among several computers so that optimal use is made of existing facilities. The computer Research and Application Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory uses these tools to access, control, and animate solutions to mathematical algorithms and to provide a simplified interface to large mathematical documentation databases. A mouse-driven menu system provides access to these documentation databases. Mathematical routines have been distributed between Sun Microsystems workstations and CRAY XMP Supercomputers. Controls of these algorithms is accomplished by using windows and panels that control input to computational modules executing on the cray. These modules return solutions to the workstation in real time. The solutions are then animated by using standard graphics. Evolution of time-dependent problems can be viewed by buffering solution data through the memory of the workstation. 7 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.

Dissolution of nuclear waste glass occurs by corrosion mechanisms similar to those of metallurgical and mineralogic systems albeit on different time scales. The effects of imposed pH and oxidation potential (Eh) conditions existing in natural environments on metals and minerals have been quantitatively and phenomenologically described in compendiums of Pourbaix (pH-potential) diagrams. Construction of Pourbaix diagrams to quantify the response of nuclear waste glasses to repository specific pH and Eh conditions is demonstrated. The expected long-term effects of groundwater contact on the durability of nuclear waste glasses can then be unified. 40 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

Achieving less than 0.1 micrometer defect and close thickness tolerances with parylene coatings has proven a challenge. Los Alamos has investigated how some parameters of coater design and operation affect coating quality. Numerous coater configurations (home-built and commercial) are being used at our Laboratory and elsewhere. In an effort to evaluate the ability of these various types of units to meet desired tolerances, we ran a round robin evaluation involving six coating operations (US and UK). Each participant received an identical and precharacterized set of targets. Results of both the round robin and coater design/operation evaluation are presented.

This paper contains a listing of more than 150 programs that have been used in the design and analysis of accelerators. Given on each citation are person to contact, classification of the computer code, publications describing the code, computer and language runned on, and a short description of the code. Codes are indexed by subject, person to contact, and code acronym. (LEW)

Radiological monitoring at the WSS during 1987 measured uranium, Radium-226, and Thorium-230 concentrations in surface water, groundwater, and sediment; radon gas concentrations in air; all long-lived natural series isotopes in air particulates; and external gamma radiation exposure rates. Potential radiation doses to the public were calculated based on assumed exposure periods and the above measurements. Radon concentrations, external gamma exposure rates, and radionuclide concentrations in groundwater and surface water at the site were generally equivalent to previous years' levels. The maximum calculated annual radiation dose to a hypothetically exposed individual at the WSRP and WSCP area was 1 mrem, or 1 percent of the DOE radiation protection standard of 100 mrem. The maximum calculated annual radiation dose to a hypothetically exposed individual at the WSQ was 14 mrem, or about 14 percent of the standard. Thus the WSS currently complies with DOE Off-site Dose Standards. Chemical contamination monitoring at the WSS during 1987 measured nitroaromatics, total organic carbon and the inorganic anions chloride, nitrate, fluoride and sulfate in surface water, groundwater and sediment. 22 refs., 26 figs., 21 tabs.

The major components of the Instant Graphics Package (IGP) have been integrated with the Dynamic Debugging Tool (DDT). IGP and DDT can produce 1D, 2D, and 3D plots; 2D contour plots; and array-versus-array plots at run time for a CTSS controllee memory image. These plots can be used to graphically inspect any array and to satisfy many of the user community's routine graphics requirements. A brief overview of the USERPORT feature, which can dynamically interface to any fragment of a CTSS controllee, will be presented. 7 refs., 17 figs.

The Sodium Waste Technology (SWT) Program was established to resolve long-standing issues regarding disposal of sodium-bearing waste and equipment. Comprehensive SWT research programs investigated a variety of approaches for either removing sodium from sodium-bearing items, or disposal of items containing sodium residuals. The most successful of these programs was the design, test, and the production operation of the Sodium Process Demonstration Facility at ANL-W. The technology used was a series of melt-drain-evaporate operations to remove nonradioactive sodium from sodium-bearing items and then converting the sodium to storable compounds.

Stibine and arsine evolution from lead-acid cells in a 36-kWh Exide load-leveling module was measured as this module approached 1900 cycles of operation. A specially prepared gas-collection apparatus enabled us to determine the maximum and average rates for evolution of both toxic hydrides. Hydride generation began once the cell voltage exceeded 2.4 V. The maximum rate for arsine occurred just above 2.5 V and consistently preceded the peak rate for stibine for each sampled cell. When adjusted for size effects, the degree of stibine and arsine evolution was greater than found in a continuous overcharge study conducted by Exide. The average rates of hydride generation were found to be 175 microgm/min for stibine and 12.6 microgm/min for arsine. The former rate proved to be the critical value in determining safe ventilation requirements for cell off-gases. The minimum airflow requirement was calculated to be 340 L/min per cell. Projections for a hypothetical 1-MWh Exide battery without an abatement system indicated that the normal ventilation capacity in the Battery Energy Storage Test facility provides nearly five times the airflow needed for safe hydride removal.