"The projection operator technique is used to generate electronic wave functions which are eigenfunctions of both spin and orbital angular momentum. All the functions which arise in the L-S coupling of any allowed system of electrons in a single s, p, d, or f shell are computed as well as some functions for a few electrons in the g-shell. In addition, functions arising in the coupling of electrons in different shells are obtained, and these eigenfunctions are of particular interest in configuration interaction studies of atomic structure. A few representative eigenfunctions are listed."

"The limitation of the speed and memory of calculating machines places an upper bound on the number of meshpoints that may be used in a finite difference calculation. This means that in problems involving many independent variables (and for present-day machines, three is many) the mesh employed is necessarily coarse. Therefore in order to get reasonably accurate final results one must employ highly accurate difference approximations. The purpose of this paper is to set up and analyze such difference schemes for solving the initial value problem for first order symmetric hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations in two space variable."

"A specific feature of the finite difference scheme proposed is that in it the boundary condition and the differential equation are treated simultaneously. The scheme results from a variational principle of the original differential equation problem, simply by using the Ritz method employing piecewise linear approximation functions. Thus a rather uniform treatment of boundary condition and differential equation will result. The coefficients of the substitute boundary condition will be given as the areas of sections of triangles cut out by the boundary; they are therefore not sensitive to variations of the direction of the boundary. An advantage of the approach is that the mean convergence of the solutions of the difference equations (including first difference quotients) to that of the differential equation is implied by the general theory and requires no special proof. Whether or not the scheme is useful in actual computation is still to be seen. The scheme for the Neumann problem of Laplace's equation is first described; then its extension to systems of second order is discussed. A lower estimate is given for the eigenvalues of the matrix involved. The method for extending the scheme to the Dirichlet problem is indicated."

"The one-dimensional propagation of disturbances in an inviscid conducting fluid of finite magnetic Reynolds number is investigated. The basic equations are not hyperbolic but nevertheless the slow wave has a domain of dependence determined by the sound velocity."

"The long wavelength modes of excitation of a two component plasma in a steady magnetic field are examined. Two linearized Boltzmann equations are given with collision terms which are coupled through the difference in temperatures and difference in velocities of the two gases. A formal means of classification of phenomena is described in terms of the nature of the roots about k = 0. Two types of behavior are uncovered: MHD, magnetohydrodynamics, which include finite phase speed phenomena near k = 0; and PEM, plasma electromagnetics, which includes infinite phase speed phenomena near k = 0. The dissipative effects of collisions are included. In the limit of vanishing collision frequency, roots previously obtained are recaptured. The relevance of the pertinent domains are discussed and the complex interplay between the fast and Alfven modes of MHD and the plasma- magnetic modes of PEM is demonstrated. Equations macroscopic in appearance are derived which include the effects of the initial configuration. In the limit of large collision frequency the equations reduce to standard forms. The dispersion of the Nth order Larmor resonance is given which includes the effect of the mass ratio. A discussion of the transfer equations of a plasma is included."

"A generalized discontinuous solution was found for the adiabatic two- fluid equations in the steady state: it covers the case of strong shocks and enables a complete account to be made of the steady state solutions of these equations. By considering a piston problem using numerical methods, time dependent solutions of the equations were also found; these rapidly steepened and converged to the discontinuous steady state solutions whenever these existed."

"Mathematical methods are being developed for calculations in fluid dynamics. The work to date on the Mach reflection calculation is summarized. In the flow, there are two curved shocks, a slip surface, a plane shock, and rigid walls. The desired solution of the fluid-dynamics equations is stationary in similarity variables; approximate initial data are therefore assumed, with the expectation that the flow will settle down to the desired one asymptotically. The Eulerian equations for the smooth parts of the flow are coupled to the jump and boundary conditions on the various surfaces. Two-dimensional fitting procedures were devised to apply the jump and boundary conditions. All parts of the code now appear to operate satisfactorily except for the treatment of the slip surface, which showed instabilities after about 50-70 cycles. The main problem was temporarily discontinued, in order to concentrate on the slip surface. A simplified problem of a nearly plane slip surface between parallel walls and with periodicity conditions along the surface is described. This problem uses all the machinery of the main code except for the parts having to do with the shocks, and it has additional subroutines for computing an analytic solution based on the linearized theory of …

"A new 350 KV power supply was installed, and major modifications of the accelerator were completed. The changes include the installation of new focusing and extractor supplies, an extension of the accelerator column, and the replacement of the isolation transformer by a motor generator set. Improved performance at voltages up to 200 KV was obtained, but a modification of the electrostatic lens system will be required for operation at 350 KV. The results of an investigation of the C/sup 12/(n, alpha )Be/sup 9/ reaction and a search for an excited state in He/sup 5/ are discussed. Work in progress includes: N/sup 14/ and O/sup 16/ (n, alpha ) angular distribution measurements with counters; studies of I/sup 127/ (n,d)Te/sup 126/ using counters and I/sup 127/(n,p)Te/sup 127/ using emulsions; and the development of an E x dE/dx pulse height multiplier."

"The modified accelerator performed well at voltages up to 200 kv, and construction of a 350-kv acceleration tube was initiated. An all-solid-state telescope was completed, and a (dE/dx x E) pulse multiplier was almost finished. These instruments will be used with a new analyzer to permit simultaneous recording of (n,p), (n,d), and (n,t) spectra. An analysis of previous data on LiT/sup 7/d, alpha) He/sup 5*/ yields alpha + n showed that the first He/sup 5/ excited state is at 2.6 plus or minus 0.4 Mev with a width of 4.0 plus or minus 1.0 Mev. The intensity of the excited state relative to that of the ground state was found to be 1.45 plus or minus 0.50. Preliminary angular distributions for the N/sup 14/ (n, alpha) B/sup 11/ and O/sup 16/ (n, alpha) C/sup 13/ reactions were obtained Modifications were made to the counters for these experiments, and electronic equipment associated with the counters and detectors was constructed. (D.C.W.) Aluminum targets evaporated under a variety of conditions all showed a Lewis peak on the thick-target gamma-ray yield curves over the Al/sup 27/(p, gamma) Si resonance reaction at 992 kev. The peaks of all targets prepared at pressures below 4 x …

"The probability of accidents to tractor semitrailers is developed through analysis of accident frequency data in relation to season; geographical factors; road type, traffic, and population density; and type of carrier business. Maximum likelihood rates are developed for the potential carriers of radioactivity. Impact characteristics of accidents are studied through the analysis of mass, speed, and energy relations, and the effect of these on vehicle and cargo damages is explored."

"The natural exponential decay of a radioisotope used as a heat source for a thermoelectric generator makes the use of a power flattening'' device highly desirable, especially when the duration of the mission is large compared to the half-life of the radioisotope. Power-flattening devices are considered which either dump excess heat outside the thermoelectric generator or use the characteristics of the generator to absorb the excess heat and thereby regulate the hot junction temperature. A number of power-flattening devices were studied both analytically and experimentally with a view toward operability in space. The most promising concepts are (a) to utilize a secondary radiator of variable area; (b) to provide thermal shunts that are sequentially removed during the mission; (c) to use a secondary radiator coupled to the heat source through a slowly evaporating thermal connection."

"Helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other gases suitable as reactor coolants were evaluated. It is shown that because of the helium conservation program, recently authorized by legislation, sufficient helium will become available for domestic power plants and for the requirements of the Euratom group. Tables of thermodynamic properties for helium and molecular nitrogen were computed from the Beattie-Bridgman equation of state. Specific enthalpy, specific entropy, isobaric specific heat, specific heat ratio, compressibility factor, specific volume, and acoustic velocity are tabulated over the range helium and molecular nitrogen are given."

"Activities in an investigation of basic phenomena associated with particle interactions at surfaces are reported. Development of components, which may be of interest to others working in ultrahigh vacuum research, for use in the research program is described. Work in development of components and techniques was directed toward investigations of non-refrigerated traps, a cryogenic pump using liquid He, and development of electron sources. Research on interaction of particles at surfaces was devoted to photodesorption studies, O adsorption on W, and H interaction with system walls. The study of basic phenomena limiting the attainment of ultrahigh vacuums is being approached by mass spectrometric studies, negative ion formation in H and H/sub 2/O, and outgassing of stainless steel systems."

"Further experiments with the zeolite traps using both nude'' and tubulated ion gages indicates an appreciable amount of untrapped vapors passing through the unrefrigerated zeolite. The exact nature of this vapor was not determined. Investigations of the all stainless steel vacuum system indicate that the large source of desorbed H/sub 2/ is that adsorbed in the walls. Other work is reported on low temperature cathodes and construction of an ionization gage incorporating a SiC emitter and an electron multiplier. A system to give semi-quantitative data on the solution of H/sub 2/ in W, as a function of temperature, was assembled and is being tested."

"Investigations were continued with zeolite traps. Results indicate that certain gases are not trapped by zeolite and must be removed by ion pumping. In experiments to obtain a cold electron source ion gage, output electron currents of several milliamperes were obtained using SiC in conjunction with an electron multiplier. Fundamental surface reaction studies were continued on photodesorption of CO from W, O adsorption on W, H solubility in W, and inelastic collisions of electrons at surfaces."

"The use of SiC in conjunction with an electron multiplier was found to offer good possibilities for a cold electron ion gage. A helium cryopump with 50 1/sec pumping speed was developed that is capable of maintaining a static system at pressures below approximates 5 x 10/sup -11/ torr with only about one liter of liquid helium every 8 hr. Additional results are reported in photon desorption experiments from tungsten and glass, hydrogen absorption on tungsten, and oxygen adsorption on tungsten. Studies were begun on photon desorption using a field emission microscope and on the interaction of electrons at surfaces. Studies are being continued on the outgassing characteristics of metal systems operating at elevated temperatures."

"Mass spectrometer monitoring of peaks upon flashing the target in measurement of CO photodesorption from W indicates bulk heating to be a main contribution to desorption. Study of auger electron ejection from absorption of O on W yields good agreement between calculated and measured values for electron ejection. Values for O adsorption on W are compared with other determinations, and wide variations in sticking probabilities are noted. Measurements of the conversion of O incident on W ribbons to WO/sub 3/ are found to differ considerably from other determinations. Efforts to eliminate spurious effects in the studies are discussed, and the probability of Auger electron emission is determined not to exceed 1.3 x 10/sup -9/ electrons per molecule absorbed, 10/sup 5/ less than earlier estimates. Difficulties in obtaining clearly defined flash filament adsorption data for CO on W permit only determination of an upper limit of 10/sup -8/ electrons per molecule adsorbed for the maximum efficiency. Studies of inelastic electron collisions with N/sub 2/, H/sub 2/, CO, H/sub 2/O, and CO/sub 2/ gases on W surfaces reveal inelastic and superelastic peaks for water vapor, only an inelastic peak for H, and unexpected absence of inelastic peaks in N/sub 2/ and CO."

"Gel contents of irradiated polyethylene previously swollen with fourteen different di- and tri-functional monomers were accurately measured. Eight of these monomers are useful in reducing the radiation dose required to induce gelation. Allyl acrylate and allyl methacrylate produce the largest gel fractions (approximately -40%) after a dose of 1.2 mrads on the Co/sup 60/ source; these two monomers also swell polyethylene to a greater extent than the others. The degree of desorption of the above monomers from polyethylene during irradiation were measured. Machine irradiation of polyethylene-- allyl acrylate and polyethylene -- allyl methacrylate systems give higher gel contents (approximately -60%) than are obtained under Co/sup 60/ irradiation conditions. This is probably due to the fact that desorption of these monomers is less under machine irradiation conditions. Continuous reswelling and reirradiation of polyethylene-- allyl acrylate and polyethylene-- allyl methacrylate systems give gel contents of about 80% after four cycles. After each cycle, an increased amount of monomer is incorporated into the Polymer by swelling, while the increase in gel content becomes smaller. Swelling ratios of irradiated polyethylene-monomer combinations were also measured."

"Gel contents can be obtained with polyethylene swollen with inhibitor- free allyl acrylate or inhibitor-free allyl methacrylate at a dose of only 0.05 Mrads Using Co/sup 60/ as the radiation source, allyl methacrylate gives higher gel content than allyl acrylate under similar conditions. icant and continues after Co/sup 60/ irradiation has been completed. Monomer desorption after a dose of 1.2 Mrads is less than after 0.05 Mrads, and does not continue after irradiation is stopped. Gel contents can be obtained without prior equilibrium swelling of polymer--monomer mixtures by irradiating the polymer in the presence of the monomer in a nitrogen atmosphere. By irradiating under these conditions with prior equilibrium swelling, gel fractions appear to be higher than those normally obtained. Gel contents of irradiated equilibrium-swollen polyethylene/ allyl acrylate and polyethylene/allyl methacrylate increase with increasing radiation dose from 0.05 to 1.2 Mrads. Gel contents of 1.2 Mrad irradiated polyethyleneallyl methacrylate systems containing various initial amounts of monomer, increase with increasing monomer content. Polypropylene can be radiation crosslinked to give over 40% gel by prior equilibrium swelling with allyl acrylate or allyl methacrylate. "

"Work accomplished in incorporating plutonium oxide in glass and glass fibers between July 1960 and March 1961 is summarized. The purpose of producing plutonium bearing glass and glass fibers was to eliminate or reduce the radiological and toxicological hazards associated with plutonium. Initial results using "wipe" tests showed no removable alpha contaminant in freshly prepared samples. Leaching studies were made using water, dilute HCl, and HNO/ sub 3/. The amount of PuO/sub 2/ leached from the glass can be greatly reduced by substituting Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, CaO, and K/sub 2/O for much of the Na/sub 2/O component in the glass composition."

"Results of molecular studies showed that, depending on the chemical composition, polyphosphates are either linear or branched flexible chain molecules. The branch points were easily destroyed by hydrolysis. Hydrolytic stability studies showed that the rate constants are much smaller for the splitting of internal bonds than for the hydrolysis near the chain ends, where both monomeric and trimeric rings are formed. The kinetic study of the degradation of sodium pentaphosphate was continued. Preliminary results indicated that, in the absence of calcium, the formation of each trimeric ring is accompanied by the formation of two orthophosphate rather than one pyrophosphate molecule. The influence of different univalent cations on the behavior of polyphosphates was studied by electrophoresis, conductivity, membrane equilibrium, and viscosity measurements. The effects of divalent ions were also studied."

"The experimental technique was checked out and the equipment put in working order for the study of the capacity and efficiency of the hydraulic cleaning of coal by water fluidization. The method to determine operating capacity consists of determining the segregation rate by dynamic tracing of radioactive mineral impurities of various size and density ranges, that are injected into the fluidized bed of coal. The equilibrium position of the injected tracer in the fluidized bed of solids is also determined. Obtaining capacity and efficiency data, as needed for design of commercial units, is very much less expensive and much more rapid than operation of a continuous flow pilot plant to get the same data. The required tracer solids were prepared by neutron irradiation of selected fractions of mineral impurities and the experimental work with these tracers is now in progress."

"Experiments are continuing to determine the cleaning efficiency and rate of cleaning of fine size bituminous coals by the water fluidization method. By radio-tracing neutron activated pyrites, data were obtained on the rate of segregation of mineral impurities from the coal as a function of particle size and density in a 48 x 0 mesh hydraulic fluidized coal bed. Two methods of radio- tracing were demonstrated. The ultimate cleaning efficiency of the above size coal is also reported."

"Expressions were derived for cycle thermal efficiency, work ratio, related useful work, and relative temperatures, and pressures at significant stations, all for a representative direct closed gas-turbine cycle. A parametric study of this cycle was performed for He and N/sub-2/ as coolants. Results of this parametric study are given in tables and charts. Four different cycles, corresponding to the maximum cycle temperatures equal to 1300, 1500, 1700, and 2000 deg F, were established for each of the gases. On the basis of these cycles, consistent form sheets were prepared for inquiries to manufacturers regarding their capabilities and availability of components."