A paper pertaining to the trap dikes of the region around Lake Champlain.

Abstract: Uraniferous rock was discovered in the Phillips mine-Camp Smith area in 1953. Precambrian rocks of the Hudson Highlands of the New England physiographic province underlie the area.

Report describing the geology of Long Island based on surveys and research conducted 1903-1905, with a particular emphasis on glacial deposits and formations from the Pleistocene epoch. It includes a broad discussion, with tabular summaries.

From letter of transmittal: The present report includes special discussion of the faunas of the Hamilton group and of those below the black shales of the Genesee group is omitted.

Abstract: Based on the records of several hundred deep wells, contour maps have been prepared showing the monoclinal structure of part of western New York, and isopach lines have been drawn showing the westward convergence of the rocks. The mode of occurrence of natural gas in the Medina group is briefly discussed. The location of the gas fields has not been determined by structural traps, but rather stratigraphy and lithology are the controlling factors in trapping the gas, which occurs in porous lenses and streaks of sandstone sealed within impermeable beds. This mode of occurrences of the Medina gas makes the search for new fields in western New York more hazardous than in most natural gas regions. As structure has not formed traps for the gas there is no surface guide to favorable sites for testing, and new fields are found by haphazard drilling. It would be helpful, however, when wells are sunk, to study the lithology of the gas-bearing zone by an examination of the drill cuttings and core samples of the sand and to have electrical logs made of the wells to obtain measurements of permeability and porosity. Such tests may indicate the direction of greatest porosity in …

From introduction: Since the discovery of the Wayne-Dundee gas field in 1930 and the more recent discovery of large quantities of gas in the Oriskany sandstone about 2 miles north of the village of Greenwood the search for similar favorable structural features has been greatly stimulated in the Finger Lakes region and southwestward to the Pennsylvania line. To aid those interested in the area to gain a clearer understanding of the regional structure and its relation to the subsurface structure, parties in charge of the senior author were assigned during the field seasons of 1934 and 1935 to make a geologic study of Steuben County and parts of the adjacent counties.

From introduction: Geochemical studies of zinc-bearing peats in western New York State show them to be related genetically to underlying mineralized beds of the Lockport dolomite of Niagaran age. (...) Intermittent field work was begun in the area by the United States Geological Survey in September 1946; after some interruptions, field work was completed in June 1948. In 1950, 1,900 feet of diamond drilling was completed in the area.

The following report covers a reconnaissance for radioactive materials that was made in parts of Maine, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. It's primary objective was to examine the iron ore deposits and associated rocks in Adirondack Mountains of New York and the Highlands of New Jersey. Additionally, several deposits known or reported to contain radioactive minerals were examined to delimit their extent. However, most of the deposits examined are not significant as possible sources of radioactive elements and the data pertaining to them are summarized in tables provided.

Report discussing a 1948 geological examination of 7,662 miles of roadside rocks in Vermont, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and southeastern New York to find deposits of radioactive materials.

Report discussing reconnaissance for radioactive materials in parts of Maine, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania during 1952. From Abstract: "The primary objective was to examine the iron ore deposits and associated rocks in the Adirondack Mountains of New York and the Highlands of New Jersey."

Report discussing an investigation of intrusive igneous rocks for radioactivity in New Jersey, New York, and New England during August and September 1951. This was aimed at finding uranium contents of economic significance in these rocks and determining the geological cause for any radioactivity. Results of the investigation are given by region, and a summary is included.

Report discussing uranium that was discovered in uraniferous rock in the Phillips mine-Camp Smith area of New York in 1953.

Report discussing a geological examination of 3,750 miles of roads in the Hudson Valley and Adirondack Mountains in eastern and Central New York state to find deposits of radioactive materials. The examination took place in August 1949.

From introduction: This report describes the four zones, three well-marked and one subordinate, in the Upper Devonian rocks, each of which contained several species that are common in the typical Hamilton formation of the Cayuga Lake section and are associated with very few of the really characteristic species of the faunas normal to the formations in which they are found.

From abstract: In 1948, 7,662 miles of roadside rocks and soils in Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and southeastern New York were traversed with a car-mounted Geiger-Mueller counter. The observed distribution of the abnormally radioactive rocks and soils is limited to certain areas, herein called "radioactive provinces," that are separated from each other by areas of essentially nonradioactive rock.

Purpose and scope: The purpose of this report is to quantify the base flow of 19 continuously gaged Long Island streams during 1960-75, which includes the 1962-66 drought. These base-flow data will be used in calibrating computer models designed to predict the response of Long Island streams to hydrologic stresses such as the lowering of ground-water levels in response to large-scale sanitary sewering. The data will also be used to assess the long-term impact expected to result from storm- and sanitary-sewer systems on base flow of streams.

This report uses a digital model to predict the projected increase in ground-water use caused by a population influx for September 1976 in Cortland, New York. It contains maps, tables, and other figures.

From purpose and scope: This report is the first in a three-part series describing the U.S. Geological Survey's efforts in the detailed hydrologic investigation of southern Nassau and southwest Suffolk Counties, which includes a ground-water modeling study to predict the effects of an extensive sewer network scheduled to be completed in 1985. As the introduction to the series, this report has four objectives: (1) to present a detailed description of the hydrologic system in the area, including newly acquired hydrogeologic information; (2) to define the hydrogeologic factors that will be affected by the sewer network; (3) to explain the modeling strategy and describe the techniques used to develop the ground-water models of the two adjacent areas studied; and (4) to present a preliminary evaluation of the effects of sewers as predicted by a regional ground-water flow model.

Purpose and scope: The Meadowbrook artificial-recharge project, a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Nassau County Department of Public Works (NCDPW) since 1975, is intended to demonstrate the feasibility of using reclaimed wastewater to replenish and improve the quality of Long Island's ground water. This report presents the results of geologic, hydrologic, and hydrochemical studies that were done at the Meadowbrook artificial-recharge site to define conditions prevailing before the start of recharge operations.

Purpose and scope: This report discusses the design, theory of operation, performance characteristics, and sampling implications if the inclined gravity lysimeter. This variation of a gravity lysimeter can be constructed to maximize capture efficiency and eliminate artificial filtration and is used most successfully in coarse, moist soils where access for installation is from a trench or observation manhole.

From abstract: Channel-routing models were used to route hypothetical releases from reservoirs in the upper Tioga River basin, Pennsylvania. These releases were routed northward down the Tioga River to Lindley, Erwins, and Corning, New York; combined with flows routed down the Cohocton River from Campbell to Corning, New York; and then routed southeastward down the Chemung River from Corning to Chemung, New York. The models used to route the flows of Cohocton and Chemung Rivers accounted for bank-storage discharge and streamflow depletion by well pumpage. In general, 17 years of concurrent streamflow data were available for model calibration and verification.

This report evaluates six public water-supple systems in Schenectady County to create a recommendation of how to monitor these sites. It contains maps and tables.

From abstract: "Water samples from two Hudson River floods in 1977--one originating mainly in shale sub-basins that produce high sediment loads, the other in soil-poor, crystalline rock terrane that yields little sediment--were analyzed to evaluate the relationship of iron, manganese, lead, phosphorous, and polychloride biphenyle (PCB's) to suspend-sediment concentration."

Abstract: A facility consisting of a circular recharge basin 6.10 meters in diameter with a central observation manhole was developed on Long Island to study the role of the unsaturated zone during aquifer recharge with tertiary-treated sewage. The manhole extends through most of the 7.5-meter-thick unsaturated zone, which is composed of glacial outwash sand and gravel, and enables collection of water samples and monitoring of dynamic characteristics of the unsaturated zone during recharge experiments. The system contains instrumentation for monitoring infiltration rate, pressure-head distribution, soil-moisture content, ground-water levels, and soil gases. The 24.55-square-meter recharge basin has operated in all seasons intermittently since April 1975 and, as of April 1978, has transmitted 62 million liters of tertiary-treated effluent to the water-table aquifer. Overall performance of the facility indicates that it is suitably designed for monitoring the unsaturated zone during artificial-recharge experiments.