The most severe limitation to the muon production for a large-energy muon collider is the short time allowed for cooling the beam to dimensions small enough to provide reasonably high luminosity. The limitation is caused by the short lifetime of the particles that, for instance, at the energy of 100 GeV is of only 2.2 ms. Moreover, it appears to be desirable to accelerate the beam quickly, with very short bunches of about a millimeter so it can be made immediately available for the final collision. This paper describes the requirements of single-pass, fast stochastic cooling for very short bunches. Bandwidth, amplifier gain and Schottky power do not seem to be of major concern. Problems do arise with the ultimate low emittance that can be achieved, the value of which is seriously affected by the front-end thermal noise. Since mixing within the beam bunches is completely absent, methods are required for the regeneration of the beam signal with external and powerful magnetic-lenses. The feasibility of these methods are crucial for the development of the muon collider. These methods will be studied in a subsequent report.

Neutron multiplication factors (k{sub eff}) have been calculated for arrays of three standard sizes of waste receptacles: 5, 30, and 55 gallon drums containing either 2% or 5% enriched uranium compounds mixed with either water or oil. The calculations demonstrate the effect of both the array pitch and the uranium concentration on k{sub eff} No container was subcritical for all possible sets of concentration and pitch. All were safe for both very low and very high uranium concentrations. Accident condition calculations, for which an extra drum is added to the system, show little effect on criticality.

Components are being developed for plutonium casting in support of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. A vendor used a proprietary process to grow a nitrocarburized surface layer on a titanium alloy shot sleeve to be used in a prototype die casting machine. The shot sleeve was significantly out-of-round upon return from the vendor and could not be used. Purpose of this study was to determine whether the shape change could have been caused by this surface treatment. Visual observation of disk and ring samples exposed first to surface treatment alone temperature and then the actual nitrocarburizing environment revealed no gross warping in either case. Dimension measurements of each sample before and after both the thermal treatment and the nitrocarburizing revealed no significant changes. Visual examination of the shot sleeve revealed a surface flaw likely made during handling after machining at SRS and before the part was nitrocarburized. The out-of-roundness of the shot sleeve could be related to the damage observed on the surface, but the possibility of warping during the nitrocarburizing cannot be excluded. Nitrocarburization should remain a candidate method to protect titanium alloys from molten metals.

The CZD process involves injecting a finely atomized slurry of reactive lime into the flue gas duct work of a coal-fired utility boiler. The principle of the confined zone is to form a wet zone of slurry droplets in the middle of the duct confined in an envelope of hot gas between the wet zone and the duct walls. The lime slurry reacts with part of the SO{sub 2} in the gas, and the reaction products dry to form solid particles. A solids collector, typically an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) downstream from the point of injection, captures the reaction products along with the fly ash entrained in the flue gas. The goal of this demonstration is to prove the technical and economic feasibility of the CZD technology on a commercial scale. The process is expected to achieve 50% SO{sub 2} removal at lower capital and O&M costs than other systems. To achieve its objectives, the project is divided into the following three phases: Phase 1: Design and Permitting, Phase 2: Construction and Start-up, Phase 3: Operation and Disposition. Phase 1 activities were completed on January 31, 1991. Phase 2 activities were essentially concluded on July 31, 1991, and Phase 3a, Parametric …

This report investigates the derivation of the Fokker-Planck equation which is commonly used to evaluate the evolution with time of an ensemble of particles under the effect of external rf forces, cooling and forces of stochastic nature like intrabeam scattering. The conventional approach based on the classical work by Chandrasekhar is first exposed, where the phase delay and the momentum error of the particle are used. The method is then extended to the case the distribution function is expressed in terms of the amplitude of motion instead of the original rectilinear variables. The new Fokker-Planck equation is obtained with an averaging process over the phase distribution instead of the time-averaging as it was usually performed earlier, to avoid the appearance of a singularity behavior. The solution of the Fokker-Planck equation is chosen in the proper form which makes easier the evaluation of the beam lifetime in the presence of the separatrix of the rf buckets. Finally the numerical applications apply the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC).

The Natural Gas Monthly (NGM) is prepared in the Data Operations Branch of the Reserves and Natural Gas Division, Office of Oil and Gas, Energy Information Administration (EIA), US Department of Energy (DOE). The NGM highlights activities, events, and analyses of interest to public and private sector organizations associated with the natural gas industry. Volume and price data are presented each month for natural gas production, distribution, consumption, and interstate pipeline activities. Producer-related activities and underground storage data are also reported. From time to time, the NGM features articles designed to assist readers in using and interpreting natural gas information.

This work had as its original goals the theoretical evaluation of a unique method of performing mixed field dosimetry by using focused and unfocused laser heating to extract dose information from the superficial layers, followed by the deeper layers, of a single, thick thermoluminescent detector (TLD). This report will review the original stated goals for this award, then review the results obtained during the first year of the grant. Software tools required to accomplish these goals were completed during the first year of the grant, and preliminary simulated data were obtained. A modification to the approach, utilizing sequential laser heating with different pulse powers and durations and deconvolution of the resulting glow curves was devised as a method for obtaining more complete depth dose information. Optimization and error analysis of the method will be accomplished in detail during Year 2.