The backscattering of energetic hydrogen particles, 1-1000 eV, from alkali metal surfaces provides for a relatively large yield of negative hydrogen ions. These yields are enhanced by particle reflection from surfaces consisting of partial alkali coatings over high-Z transition-metal substrates. The theoretical data supporting these observations are reviewed. The parameters leading to optimum reflection yields are summarized. In the volume of a hydrogen discharge with electron temperatures of about one electron volt, negative ions are formed by dissociative attachment to vibrationally excited molecules. The vibrational distribution is determined by e-V collisions between low energy electrons and vibrationally excited molecules, E-V singlet electron excitation processes caused by high energy (100 eV) electrons colliding with ground state molecules exciting to electronic states followed by radiative decay to higher vibrational levels, and V-T collisions between molecules resulting in transfer of vibrational excitation to translational energy. The role of these different processes as they bear on the vibrational distribution is discussed. The possibility of a volume-surface interaction leading to a high volume density of negative ions is considered.

A program to provide the basis for designing a practical electrochemical solar cell based on the II-VI compound semiconductors is described. Emphasis is on developing new electrolyte redox systems and electrode surface modifications which will stabilize the II-VI compounds against photodissolution without seriously degrading the long-term solar response. Work on redox couple stabilization of n-CdX photoanodes has focused on fast metal-based one-electron couples in various nonaqueous solvents which represent an extension of work with the methanol/ferro-ferricyanide system, which, although stabilizing for n-CdSe photoanodes, has been found to be photolytically unstable. Very promising results which were obtained for the FeCl/sub 4//sup 1-/2-/ couple in acetonitrile suggest that related chloro-couples should be considered, including the colorless two-electron tin (II, IV) and antimony (III, V) systems. Conducting polymer films of polyrrole photoelectrochemically deposited onto n-type semiconductors were previously shown to protect these electrode materials from photodecomposition while permitting electron exchange with the electrolyte, but poor adhesion has remained a key problem. Recently, improved adhesion has been attained for roughened semiconductor surfaces. It now appears that polypyrrole films are to some extent permeable to solvent/solute species since the film stability depends on the nature of the redox electrolyte, and semiconductor decomposition products seem to …

One of the end plug configurations we have investigated for use in a tandem mirror reactor is the axisymmetric cusp. We show that because of non-adiabaticity, the containment of 3.5 MeV alpha particles in this configuration is insufficient for the attainment of acceptable plasma performance.

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has the necessary equipment and trained personnel to respond to a large number of hazardous material spills and fires or other emergencies resulting from these spills including injured personnel. This response capability is further expanded by the agreements that LLNL has with a number of outside response agencies. The Hazards Control Department at LLNL functions as the central point for coordinating the response of the equipment and personnel. Emergencies involving hazardous waste are also coordinated through the Hazards Control Department, but the equipment and personnel in the Toxic Waste Control Group would be activated for large volume waste pumpouts. Descriptions of response equipment, hazardous waste locations communication systems, and procedures for personnel involved in the emergency are provided.

The hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of commercial 2-1/4 Cr-1Mo steels has been investigated, using H/sub 2/S as the primary environment. After it was found that low strength steels, which had been given a post weld heat treatment, were immune to the test techniques developed, the effect of strength level was studied to establish a lower limit for embrittlement. Similar tests on the peak hardness zone in the heat affected zone of a weld showed that the crack preferred to move to the far heat affected zone where the strength level was below the lower limit established above. It is suggested that residual stresses may account for the anomaly, although other factors such as structural change could be important. In order to assess the low strengh steels, the environment was changed to include saturated water vapor in the H/sub 2/S. It was found that the low strength steels could be readily tested in this environment, thus providing a means of ranking Cr-Mo steels for hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility. Tests on one steel were included to show that the variability in the data using the H/sub 2/S + H/sub 2/O environment was small enough to make the screening test results significant.

Fiber-reinforced composite materials are being widely used in engineered structures. This report examines how the general form of the Weibull Criterion, including the evaluation of the parameters and the scaling of the parameter values, can be used for the prediction of component failure.

This program is a continuation of the Liquid Phase Methanation/Shift Program (EX-76-C-01-2036) which was completed on November 30, 1978. One of its primary goals is to study the rates of carbon formation during methanation over a wide range of process conditions and determine the effect of the carbon deposition on catalyst activity and selectivity. The second goal is to perform an engineering design of a hydrodynamic cold-flow unit of scale equivalent to the LPM/S pilot plant reactor for evaluation of the 3-phase reaction system hydrodynamics. Work to date has concentrated on the first task - Rates of Carbon Formation. The existing reaction units and analytical system have been refurbished and calibrated. Five nickel-based methanation catalysts were chosen as representative of the types available commercially. Carrier materials for the catalysts are alumina, kieselguhr and calcium aluminate. Nickel contents vary from 35 to 60% Ni. The first experimental scan, 100 hours - without steam, has been successfully completed. The second scan is in progress, 300 hours - without steam. Samples of both spent and virgin reduced catalysts have been sent out for analysis.

In a novel application of the multiwire proportional counter we have imaged a collimated neutron beam. Although preliminary, the results are of sufficient import to be described here because of the potential wide application of the multiwire proportional counter to Laboratory problems. The counter was operated with a counting gas pressure of 20 Torr; the counting gas was pure C/sub 4/H/sub 10/. The radiator was a /sup 235/U foil. Under these conditions, the counter is (1) relatively insensitive to charged particles (other than fission fragments), (2) insensitive to ..gamma..-radiation, and (3) has an efficiency for the detection of fission fragments independent of incident neutron energy over a wide range of neutron energies.

The High-Field Test Facility (HFTF) being built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) consists of a set of four Nb-Ti coils, inside of which there is a pair of multifilamentary Nb/sub 3/Sn coils. The outer coils are designed to generate 8 T in the 1-m bore; the Nb/sub 3/Sn coils will boost this to 12 T in a 40-cm bore. This paper describes the first operation of the complete set of Nb-Ti coils and describes and gives results from the data acquisition and analysis system that was used during the test.

The main results are in the following 3 areas: (1) static and dynamic properties of the hydrogen diffusion model; (2) exact asymptotic solutions of the model; (3) new physics of the lattice hydrogen. The progress made during this period has been particularly significant. The hydrogen diffusion model has brought to light a number of puzzling features of hydrogen metal systems. These advances have made it possible now to begin to study some of the long-range objectives put forth in the initial proposal.

A study is made of a scale model in three dimensions of a guiding center plasma within the purview of gyroelastic (also known as finite gyroradius-near theta pinch) magnetohydrodynamics. The (nonlinear) system sustains a particular symmetry called isorrhopy which permits the decoupling of fluid modes from drift modes. Isorrhopic equilibria are analyzed within the framework of geometrical optics resulting in (local) dispersion relations and ray constants. A general scheme is developed to evolve an arbitrary linear perturbation of a screwpinch equilibrium as an invertible integral transform (over the complete set of generalized eigenfunctions defined naturally by the equilibrium). Details of the structure of the function space and the associated spectra are elucidated. Features of the (global) dispersion relation owing to the presence of gyroelastic stabilization are revealed. An energy principle is developed to study the stability of the tubular screwpinch.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Mark White, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification;Construction of concurrent amendments to article 2.01b Texas Election Code Ann.

This paper describes a new approach for implementing personnel safety interlocks logic using industrial-type programmable controllers. The logic for all personnel safety interlocks except those totally internal to a subsystem is implemented in two non-redundant controllers. A high degree of fail-safe reliability is achieved by augmenting the protective features intrinsic to each controller with those provided by a small amount of external support hardware. The controllers are interfaced to the host computer system via fiber optic data links to enable display of interlock and overall system status on the control room graphic displays. When fully implemented, the controllers will perform the equivalent of over 2000 discreet relay functions.

Four sources or error (uncertainty) are studied in water content obtained from neutron logs calibrated in partially saturated media for holes up to 3 m. For this calibration a special facility was built and an algorithm for a commercial epithermal neutron log was developed that obtains water content from count rate, bulk density, and gap between the neutron sonde and the borehole wall. The algorithm contained errors due to the calibration and lack of fit, while the field measurements included uncertainties in the count rate (caused by statistics and a short time constant), gap, and density. There can be inhomogeneity in the material surrounding the borehole. Under normal field conditions the hole-size-corrected water content obtained from such neutron logs can have an uncertainty as large as 15% of its value.

Short summaries of thirty-seven investigations in progress in radiation chemistry and photochemistry are presented. Abstracts of twenty-three reports published are also presented. Some of the research in progress are: hyperfine coupling constants in methyl radical; theoretical calculations on 4-membered heterocyclic ring systems; absorption spectra of solvated electrons in THF; electron thermalization in liquid argon; electron capture in rare gases in competition with thermalization; electron spin densities for LiOH/sub 2/ in argon matrices; CO desorption and adsorption on Pt(III); radical reactions in combustion chemistry; laser photolysis of aqueous systems; laser flash photolysis study of hydrogen bending equilibria involving phenols; charge transfer interaction in the lowest singlet excited state of all-trans twenty-two carbon homologue of retinal; photoinduced redox transformations in macrocyclic complexes; photochemical properties of molybdenum complexes of dithiocarbamato ligands; scavenging reactions in the radiolysis of cyclopentane; determination of the products of oxidation of aniline by Ag(II); hydroxyl radical reactions with Ni(II) macrocyclic complexes.

The hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of commercial 2 1/4Cr - 1Mo steels has been investigated, using H/sub 2/S as the primary environment. After it was found that low strength steels, which had been given a post weld heat treatment, were immune to the test techniques developed, the effect of strength level was studied to establish a lower limit for embrittlement. Similar tests on the peak hardness zone in the heat affected zone of a weld showed that the crack preferred to move to the far heat affected zone where the strength level was below the lower limit established above. It is suggested that residual stresses may account for the anomaly, although other factors such as structural change could be important. In order to assess the low strength steels, the environment was changed to include saturated water vapor in the H/sub 2/S.

Progress has been ahead of planned expectations in three instances: (a) achievement of 4 mA/cm/sup 2/, short circuit current density in a MIS structure solar cell under AM1 illumination; (b) fabrication of large area (4 cm/sup 2/) MIS cells with external J/sub sc/ > 3 mA/cm/sup 2/; and (c) deposition of p/sup +/ layers by B/sub 2/H/sub 6/ gas phase doping. A program status table is included. Reproducible n layers are now routinely deposited by sputtering in Ar, H/sub 2/, and PH/sub 3/ gases. The major remaining obstacle to the goal of a 3.5% cell is the deposition of a quality i-layer. Although information deduced from infrared absorption and Raman data indicates that most of the hydrogen is bonded in the SiH configuration, the photoconductivity of the intrinsic material requires marked improvement. Two forms of magnetron sputtering, planar and cylindrical, are being exploited. The planar deposition system has the advantage that experimental costs are low; the cylindrical system is easily scalable to large product throughput. Schematic illustrations of the two systems and descriptions of apparatus modifications incorporated are included.

This report

The present paper represents the first effort to date in which a combined experimental and theoretical approach has been used to study the effects of several inhibitors on hydrocarbon-air flames. This work is part of an attempt to build a consistent picture of chemical kinetic flame inhibition, beginning with a simple halogen molecule such as HBr and progressing sequentially towards more complex and more practical inhibitors such as CF/sub 3/Br. Inhibition efficiency can be defined as the rate of flame speed reduction, the amount of flame speed change per unit inhibitor added. Both the numerical model and the flame tube measurements found that the inhibition efficiency gradually decreases as the amount of inhibitor is increased. The present experimental and modeling results are shown, together with earlier data for CF/sub 3/Br-CH/sub 4/-air and CF/sub 3/Br-C/sub 3/H/sub 8/-air as well as HBr-CH/sub 4/-air, CH/sub 3/Br-CH/sub 4/-air and CF/sub 3/Br-CH/sub 4/-air. In the numerical study it was found that a stoichiometric methane-air mixture with up to 8% methyl bromide could support a flame, propagating at a speed of about 5 cm/sec, even though the addition of the first 1% of CH/sub 3/Br had reduced the flame speed from 38 cm/sec to about 26 …