Bench-scale and pilot-scale experiments have been conducted to measure the mass transfer and kinetic rates at simulated duct injection conditions. Section 2 describes the tank reactor test results. The stirred tank reactor was used to study absorption of SO{sub 2} into saturated Ca(OH){sub 2} solutions with varied ionic strengths. The results of current experiments were compared with previous tests using saturated Ca(OH){sub 2} solution and 0.1 M CaCl{sub 2}. Section 3 summarizes the status of the Short-Time Differential Reactor (STDR) tests for Task 2.3. The effect of CO{sub 2} on reactivity of Mississippi Ca(OH){sub 2} with SO{sub 2} was investigated. The extent of carbonation was measured for a commercial Mississippi Ca(OH){sub 2} and laboratory-produced sorbents. Section 4 presents pilot plant testing conducted to evaluate various operating conditions and process schemes to support large-scale field testing at Meredosia and Beverly (Task 3). Consistent data were obtained from pilot testing of in-duct dry injection downstream of the humidifier. Section 5 reports differential reactor (Task 4) tests. The differential reactor has been modified to determine the effect of initial water content on the sorbent reactivity. An experimental method has been developed to prepare solid samples containing reproducible, predictable quantities of water. The experiments …

In fiscal year 1994, the new states of the former Soviet Union became collectively the second largest recipient of U.S. foreign assistance made available from all sources. Whether and how the assistance program is helping to bring about democratic systems and free market economies is increasingly a question of interest to Congress and the public at large.

The purpose of this analysis is to design structural foundations for the Compressed Air System (CAS), and the Condensate Receiver Tank.

The purpose of the fire hazard analysis is to comprehensively assess the risk from fire within the individual fire areas. This document will only assess the fire hazard analysis within the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) Design Package ID, which includes the fuel storage system area of the North Portal facility, and evaluate whether the following objectives are met: 1.1.1--This analysis, performed in accordance with the requirements of this document, will satisfy the requirements for a fire hazard analysis in accordance with U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Order 5480.7A. 1.1.2--Ensure that property damage from fire and related perils does not exceed an acceptable level. 1.1.3--Provide input to the ESF Basis For Design (BFD) Document. 1.1.4 Provide input to the facility Safety Analysis Report (SAR) (Paragraph 3.8).

The purpose of this analysis is to determine the life-cycle costs of several options relevant to the Condensate Removal System serving the Compressed Air System (CAS) at the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project (YMP) Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF). The best option (least present value) will be selected as the preferred configuration to construct.

We introduce a new spatial discretization scheme for transport on arbitrary spatial grids in XY geometry. Our arbitrary'' spatial grid is composed of arbitrarily-connected polygons, each of which may have an arbitrary number of sides. We begin our derivation by imposing particle balance on every corner'' of each cell (Consequently, we call our scheme the corner-balance (CB) method.) We complete the derivation by introducing simple closure formulas that relate volume-averaged unknowns to surface-averaged unknowns in each corner. We discuss the relationship of the new scheme to discontinuous finite-element methods and to multiple-balance methods. We demonstrate that on simple grids, the method reduces to very robust schemes that have been studied previously. We discuss the theoretical performance of the method in the thick diffusion limit, and provide numerical results for that limit. We present additional numerical results from simple problems that test the new scheme in other limits. Finally, we offer some concluding remarks about the method. 9 refs., 6 figs.

Design studies for recombination x-ray lasers based on plasmas ionized by high intensity, short pulse optical lasers are presented. Transient lasing on n = 3 to n = 2 transitions in Lithium-like Neon allows for moderately short wavelengths ({le} 100{angstrom}) without requiring ionizing intensities associated with relativistic electron quiver energies. The electron energy distribution following the ionizing pulse affects directly the predicted gains for this resonance transition. Efficiencies of 10{sup {minus}6} or greater are found for plasma temperatures in the vicinity of 40 eV. Simulation studies of parametric heating phenomena relating to stimulated Raman and Compton scattering are presented. For electron densities less than about 2.5 {times} 10{sup 20} cm{sup {minus}3} and peak driver intensity of 2 {times} 10{sup 17} W/cm{sup 2} at 0.25 {mu}m with pulse length of 100 fsec, the amount of electron heating is found to be marginally significant. For Lithium-like Aluminum, the required relativistic ionizing intensity gives excessive electron heating and reduced efficiency, thereby rendering this scheme impractical for generating shorter wavelength lasing ({le} 50{angstrom}) in the transient case. Following the transient lasing phase, a slow hydrodynamic expansion into the surrounding cool plasma is accompanied by quasi-static gain on the n = 4 to n = …

The preparation and study of an intense source of neutrinos in the form of neutron irradiated materials which are enriched in Cr-50 for use in the GALLEX solar neutrino experiment are discussed. Chromyl fluoride gas is enriched in the Cr-50 isotope by gas centrifugation and subsequently converted to a very stable form of chromium oxide. The results of neutron activation analyses of such chromium samples indicate low levels of any long-lived activities, but show that short-lived activities, in particular Na-24, may be of concern. These results show that irradiating chromium oxide enriched in Cr-50 is preferable to irradiating either natural chromium or argon gas as a means of producing a neutrino source to calibrate the GALLEX detector. These results of the impurity level analysis of the enriched chromyl fluoride gas and its conversion to the oxide are also of interest to work in progress by other members of the Collaboration investigating an alternative conversion of the enriched gas to chromium metal. 35 refs., 12 figs., 5 tabs.

This project is a step in the Department of Energy's program to show that ultra-clean fuel can be produced from selected coals and that the fuel will be a cost-effective replacement for oil and natural gas now fueling boilers in this country. The replacement of premium fossil fuels with coal can only be realized if retrofit costs are kept to a minimum and retrofit boiler emissions meet national goals for clean air. These concerns establish the specifications for maximum ash and sulfur levels and combustion properties of the ultra-clean coal. The primary objective is to develop the design base for prototype commercial advanced fine coal cleaning facilities capable of producing ultra-clean coals suitable for conversion to coal-water slurry fuel. The fine coal cleaning technologies are advanced column flotation and selective agglomeration. A secondary objective is to develop the design base for near-term commercial integration of advanced fine coal cleaning technologies in new or existing coal preparation plants for economically and efficiently processing minus 28-mesh coal fines. A third objective is to determine the distribution of toxic trace elements between clean coal and refuse when applying the advance column flotation and selective agglomeration technologies. The project team consists of Amax Research …

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

Letter opinion issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Dan Morales, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Whether the Orange County Commissioners Court must order payment in accordance with a district court order adjusting salaries of court administration personnel within the amount approved and budgeted (ID# 33340)

Letter opinion issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Dan Morales, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Whether article XVI, section 40 of the Texas Constitution excepts a county commissioner from the common-law doctrine of incompatibility (request for reconsideration of Attorney General Opinion DM-311 (1994)) (ID# 31414)

Letter opinion issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Dan Morales, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Constitutionality, as applied to independent and major party candidates, of the provisions of Election Code section 141.063(2)(B), which requires that a peititon filed in connection with a candidate's application for a place on the ballot contain each peition signer's voter registration number (ID# 35318)

We present an overview of the experimental evidence for a role of the lattice in the mechanism of high temperature superconductivity. It appears unlikely that a solely conventional electron-phonon interaction produces the pairing. However, there is ample evidence of strong electron and spin to lattice coupling and observations of a response of the lattice to the electronic state. We draw attention to the importance of the local structure in discussions of lattice effects in high-{Tc} superconductivity.

This plan outlines the approach to be taken on obtaining the second core from 241-BY-106, riser 10B, using the Rotary Mode Core Sample Truck (RMCST). The purpose for obtaining the second core is to retrieve the final segments to determine ferrocyanide content. The first core acquired from riser 10B resulted in inadequate sample recovery for the labs to perform the required analysis. Thirteen samples were taken, with recovery varying from 0 to 100%. The most likely contributors to poor sample recovery have been identified and explained on a sample-by sample basis as outlined in this report. This information has been used to devise the approach to be taken in obtaining the second core.

Our work on single election transfer in coals led us to the knowledge that the energetics of bond cleavage in radical cations is 20-40 kcal/mole lower than the corresponding homolytic bond cleavage energies. Having made excellent progress in the other areas covered by this proposal, we are extending our studies to the investigation of the formation and cleavage reaction of radical cations in coals. The formation of a radical cation requires the transfer of an electron from a neutral molecule to an appropriate electron acceptor (oxidant). As a first step, we seek oxidants which will form radical cations from functional groups typical of those in coals. We must also study the decomposition behavior of bonds typical of those found in coals. Alkyl and alkoxy aromatic compounds were chosen as the electron donors because of their common occurrence in coals.

This project is a step in the Department of Energy`s program to show that ultra-clean fuel can be produced from selected coals and that the fuel will be a cost-effective replacement for oil and natural gas now fueling boilers in this country. The replacement of premium fossil fuels with coal can only be realized if retrofit costs are kept to a minimum and retrofit boiler emissions meet national goals for clean air. These concerns establish the specifications for maximum ash and sulfur levels and combustion properties of the ultra-clean coal. The primary objective is to develop the design base for prototype commercial advanced fine coal cleaning facilities capable of producing ultra-clean coals suitable for conversion to coal-water slurry fuel. The fine coal cleaning technologies are advanced column flotation and selective agglomeration. A secondary objective is to develop the design base for near-term commercial integration of advanced fine coal cleaning technologies in new or existing coal preparation plants for economically and efficiently processing minus 28-mesh coal fines. A third objective is to determine the distribution of toxic trace elements between clean coal and refuse when applying the advance column flotation and selective agglomeration technologies. The project team consists of Amax Research …

Letter opinion issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Whether the Alcoholic Bevergae Commission has rulemaking authority.

The project is for the design, construction, and testing of a 2MW carbonate fuel cell power plant in the City of Santa Clara, California. The report is divided into sections which describe the progress in various program activities. Section 2.0 provides an overview of the program, including the project objectives, site location, and schedule.

In a large-bore copper vapor laser (CVL), excessive gas heating at the axial region of the discharge lowers its efficiency by thermally populating the metastable lower laser levels. The associated lower gas density also lengthens the discharge field-diffusion time, leading to weaker axial pumping and undesired beam characteristics. The authors` laboratory has developed a novel approach to circumvent this obstacle by cooling the plasma radiatively via a series of segmented metal plates (septa) placed vertically along the length of the tube. This improved tube design significantly lowers the average gas temperature and shortens the radial delay. A 27% increase in laser power was observed with the addition of septa. The authors have characterized the beam intensity profile, spatial and temporal pulse variation, and beam polarization through extensive laboratory measurements. A detailed computational model of the laser has been used to characterize and interpret the laboratory results.

The effects of reaction residence time, presence of inert particles and moisture content on the SO{sub 2} removal and the product particle size distributions have been determined. Results indicated that both gas phase and particle phase reach equilibria in a very short time. The presence of inert particles increases the SO{sub 2} removal efficiency slightly, with a greater increase in removal efficiency at higher surface areas. Moisture content is the most important parameter affecting SO{sub 2} removal. Increasing the moisture content from 1.6% to 6.4% by volume results in a 30% increase of the SO{sub 2} removal at a reaction temperature of 51{degree}C. The products at near anhydrous conditions were concluded to be NH{sub 3}SO{sub 2}, (NH{sub 3}){sub 2}SO{sub 2} and (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}S{sub 2}O{sub 5}. While the products at humid conditions could be either the 1:1 sulfites, NH{sub 4}HSO{sub 3} and (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}S{sub 2}O{sub 5}, or the 2:1 sulfites, (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 3} and (NH{sub 4}){sub 2}SO{sub 3} {minus}H{sub 2}O, or a mixture of the 1:1 and 2:1 sulfite. Those sulfite particles could subsequently oxidize to form the more stable sulfate particles. A gas-to-particle formation model has been developed to simulate the NH{sub 3}-SO{sub 2} system in the …

This analysis was prepared to determine the viability of the MPC PWR-12 waste package concept with respect to criticality regulatory requirements in compliance with the goals of the Waste Package Implementation Plans for conceptual design.

INEL5 is designed for the study of relatively high energy cooperative excitations in single crystals. Figure 1 provides a schematic representation of INEL5, and Table 1 gives the parameters for this instrument. The use of linear position sensitive detectors provides good vector Q resolution, and the coverage of a large solid angle at low scattering angles permits sampling of the necessary regions of reciprocal space to follow the dispersion of these excitations. The instrument is optimized for studies with relatively high incident energies (tens to hundreds of meV), but can also be used with incident energies as low as 10 meV. Provision is made to allow addition at a later date of a detector bank at higher scattering angles in order to enhance the capabilities for the lower energy transfer studies.