An initial analysis of particulate effects on molten carbonate fuel cells has been conducted. The analysis has been applied to a conceptual fuel cell with operating parameters appropriate to use with future power generation plants. Particle transport due to several mechanisms has been considered and dominant mechanisms affecting particle delivery to anode channel surfaces and into anode pores have been identified. Thermophoresis and gas flow out from anode pores have been found to inhibit particle arrival on the anode and entry into pores so that neither anode channel blockage nor pore blockage are expected for particles with diameters smaller than about one micron. The analytical approach developed could be applied to other fuel cell types in addition to the molten carbonate fuel cells.

SYNROC is a titanate-based ceramic waste form being developed to immobilize high-level nuclear reactor wastes. SYNROC-D is a unique variation of SYNROC designed to contain high-level defense wastes, particularly those in storage at the Savannah River Plant (SRP). We review recent research and development on SYNROC-D processing options and report on work in progress on various unit operations. The overall immobilization process can be divided into three general parts: (1) slurry preparation (formulation, reactant addition and blending); (2) powder processing (spray drying, calcination/redox control); and (3) mineralization (densification). Powder processing research is directed toward development of a slurry-fed, fluidized-bed calciner based on the ICPP design. Densification research is focused on use of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) or hot uniaxial pressing (HUP). The successful use of both have been demonstrated.

Particulate deposition in molten carbonate fuel cell anodes is addressed for operation with future coal gasification power plants. Power plant systems factors affecting deposition are explored such as gas cleanup requirements for particulate removal and gasifier product gas composition differences for various gasifier types and operational modes (air blown versus oxygen blown). Effects of fuel cell characteristics (including average cell current density and fuel utilization) on anode deposition are also quantified. Particulate effects on molten carbonate fuel cell anode performance may not be as detrimental as perhaps perceived in the past. Gas cleanup to remove virtually all particles larger than one micron in diameter is expected to prevent or at least greatly reduce anode deposition. However, cathode deposition in molten carbonate fuel cells should be evaluated in the future since cathodes are likely more prone to deposition than anodes even though cathode channel particle concentrations are much lower.

The activities of the JPL Solar Thermal Power Systems Parabolic Dish Project are summarized for FY 1981. Included are discussions on subsystem designs of concentrators, receivers, engines, power converters, and thermal transport. Analyses and test results are also included along with progress on field tests, Small Community System development and the Parabolic Dish Test Site.

Two-phase turbines open the possibility of new types of power cycles operating with extremely wet mixtures of steam and water, organic fluids, or immiscible liquids and gases. Possible applications are geothermal power, waste-heat recovery, refrigerant expansion, solar conversion, transportation turbine engines, and engine bottoming cycles. A theoretical model for two-phase impulse turbines was developed. Apparatus was constructed for testing one- and two-stage turbines (using speed decrease from stage to stage). Turbines were tested with water-and-nitrogen mixtures and Refrigerant 22. Nozzle efficiencies were 0.78 (measured) and 0.72 (theoretical) for water-and-nitrogen mixtures at a water/nitrogen mixture ratio of 68, by mass; and 0.89 (measured) and 0.84 (theoretical) for Refrigerant 22 expanding from 0.02 quality to 0.28 quality. Blade efficiencies (shaft power before windage and bearing loss divided by nozzle jet power) were 0.63 (measured) and 0.71 (theoretical) for water-and-nitrogen mixtures and 0.62 (measured) and 0.63 (theoretical) for Refrigerant 22 with a single-stage turbine, and 0.70 (measured) and 0.85 (theoretical) for water-and-nitrogen mixtures with a two-stage turbine.

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Richard Crisp, ABC Director"

Photograph used for a newspaper owned by the Oklahoma Publishing Company. Caption: "Richard Crisp ( Alcoholic Beverage Control Board Director)"

Photograph used for a newspaper owned by the Oklahoma Publishing Company. Caption: "Richard Crisp ( Alcoholic Beverage Control Board Director)"

Photograph used for a story in the Oklahoma Times newspaper. Caption: "Broker Don Close, of Farmers Grain and Livestock Corporation, 7300 NW 23, analyzes incoming market data on the office's sophisticated electronic equipment."

Objectives of this project are to evaluate benefits associated with control of the surface energetic properties of materials used in heat exchangers; and to identify preferred ranges of these surface conditions that minimize deposits of biological fouling known to deteriorate heat exchange efficiencies in cooling water systems. The technical approach employed uses special diagnostic plates in novel flow cells where fluid flow conditions can be well-controlled, modifying the surface chemistry and surface energy of the plates with very thin coatings and examining the earliest events of biofouling caused by macromolecules and microbial organisms. For the present phase of the project (Year 2), attention is focussed on biofouling in a freshwater/brackish water system.

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Seven-year-old Melissa Goodman takes time out for a sucker while awaiting judging results."

Photograph used for a story in the Oklahoma Times newspaper. Caption: "Fifth-graders Julie Gulikers, left, and Kathy Smith are in deep concentration as they follow the music."

Photograph used for a story in the Oklahoma Times newspaper. Caption: "Its exterior restored, The Victor in Guthrie approaches its territorial splendor."

Photograph used for a story in the Oklahoma Times newspaper. Caption: "Protesters, dissatisfied over Reagan's budget cuts affecting Indians, congregate outside the Skirvin Plaza Hotel where the president stayed Monday Night."

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Mrs. Peter J. Gootos, center, Barbara Stacey, treasurer of the reception and Jo Stansberry, far right, find tickets to the closely guarded event for Terry Ann Johnson, left, her mother Mrs. Herbert W. Johnson and Dennis Bradford."

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Awaiting the president are , from left, jack Hodges, Jack Thomas, Ralph Harvey and Mrs. Ralph Harvey."

Photograph used for a newspaper owned by the Oklahoma Publishing Company.

Photograph used for a newspaper owned by the Oklahoma Publishing Company. Caption: "Lawrence Burton"

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Ed Moler, Phil Boyle, Delores Boyle and Donna Moler the Oklahoma City Golf and Country Club's annual President's Ball."

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Duski Morrow was among more than 300 Indians who greeted President Reagan in downtown Oklahoma City Monday with signs protesting his budget cuts."

Photograph used for a story in the Oklahoma Times newspaper. Caption: "Barbara Mosbacher in her shop."

Photograph used for a newspaper owned by the Oklahoma Publishing Company.

This work presents an estimate of the energy distribution of the neutrals formed in the ion beam accelerator. However it does not determine the fraction of those neutrals which leave the neutral beam injector and go on into the reactor. To do that, more details of the beam line performance are needed.

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "President Ronald Reagan gives a wave to the small entourage of state Republican leaders on hand to greet him at Tinker Air Force Base Monday evening."