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Fracture mechanics evaluation of LOFT lower plenum injection nozzle
An analysis to establish whether or not a leak-before-break concept would apply to the LOFT lower plenum injection nozzle is described. The analysis encompassed the structure from the inlet side of valve V-2170 to the lower plenum nozzle-to-reactor vessel weld on the left side of the emergency core cooling system (ECCS). The defect that was assumed to exist was of such a size that the probability of its being missed by the applicable inspection technique was near zero. The Inconel 600 nozzle forging with an initial assumed defect size of 0.64 cm (0.25 in.) deep would behave as follows: (1) the axially oriented defect would result in leak before rupture (the number of cycles to rupture was 11,000), (2) the circumferentially oriented defect would result in a rupture before leak. The number of cycles to failure would be in excess of 14,000. Based on the conservative assumption that the thermal stresses were membrane stresses as opposed to a bending stress, the following were found. For the Inconel 82 weld metal (thickness of 1.3 cm (0.53 in.)) and AISI 316 SST valve body, with an initial assumed defect of 0.25 cm (0.1 in.), the crack would grow through the thickness in …
Date:
July 11, 1977
Creator:
Nagata, P.K. & Reuter, W.G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Underground muons from the direction of Cygnus X-3
We report on 3.2 years live time of underground muon observations taken between 1981 and 1989 using the Soudan 1 proportional tube detector, located at a depth of 1800 m water equivalent. The post-1984 observations are consistent with our earlier data on an excess signal apparently correlated with the Cygnus X-3 orbital period. The signal-to-background ratio in the entire data sample is 1 to 3 percent, depending on phase width. 10 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
September 11, 1989
Creator:
Johns, K.; Marshak, M. L.; Peterson, E. A.; Ruddick, K.; Shupe, M.; Ayres, D. S. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy planning and management in developing countries: thoughts concerning a conceptual framework
The unique characteristics of the energy situation in developing countries imposes a unique set of requirements on analytical techniques used for energy planning. The urgency of the situation requires the rapid development and use of simplified models which make maximum use of available data but which can reflect the international energy context. Those techniques must also be able to deal with central energy/development issues such as energy equity or the energy implication of social equity policies, centralized vs. decentralized development, and urbanization.
Date:
October 11, 1977
Creator:
Nathans, R. & Palmedo, P.F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reaction rate calculations via transmission coefficients
The transmission coefficient of a wavepacket traversing a potential barrier can be determined by steady state calculations carried out in imaginary time instead of by real time dynamical calculations. The general argument is verified for the Eckart barrier potential by a comparison of transmission coefficients calculated from real and imaginary time solutions of the Schroedinger equation. The correspondence demonstrated here allows a formulation for the reaction rate that avoids difficulties due to both rare events and explicitly time dependent calculations. 5 refs., 2 figs.
Date:
July 11, 1985
Creator:
Feit, M. D. & Alder, B. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Final report for hydrologic studies support: INTERCOMP code conversion
Mass and energy balance errors noted in a number of IBM-executed problems are caused by the lack of precision in computing total mass and energy values for a domain. This problem is evident in domains constructed with highly variable mesh sizes during the early time of simulation. The machine round-off was corrected by double-precisioning certain calculations for mass and energy balance. Small differences that exist between the improved INTERCOMP code operating on an IBM machine and the old version on a CDC machine seem unimportant. The noted differences are greatest at an onset of physical system perturbation. These differences diminish rapidly with each succeeding time step. Comparisons with numerical and analytical solutions appear to prove authenticity of code results. Numerical comparisons with the CCC computer code on the Mobile experiment data demonstrate the advantage of using aquifer influence functions in place of an infinitely large mesh. The one-dimensional heat transfer in the overburden and underburden appears sufficiently accurate to describe aquifer heat losses.
Date:
January 11, 1982
Creator:
Ichimura, V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal alteration of sediments in the Salton Sea scientific drill hole: Petrophysical properties and mass changes during alteration: Final report
This report has been divided into two sections. The first deals with the results of the petrophysical measurements, and the second concentrates on the distribution of alteration minerals and textures, and on a series of calculations of geochemical changes that occurred during alteration. 32 refs., 23 figs., 10 tabs.
Date:
December 11, 1987
Creator:
McDowell, S.D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
EPROM-based LSI-11 for distributed instrumentation control
The LLNL Nuclear Chemistry Counting Facility (NCCF) is being converted to a modern production facility. A computer network has been designed and built to implement this conversion. The outermost node of the computer network is a dedicated EPROM-based controller. The controller handles the details of driving the attached nuclear instrumentation, providing a standard interface to the remainder of the network. This paper addresses the design and the implementation of the dedicated instrumentation controller.
Date:
November 11, 1981
Creator:
Hunt, D.N.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Stability and disturbance of large dc superconducting magnets
This paper addresses the stability aspects of several successful dc superconducting magnets such as large bubble chamber magnets, and magnets for the Mirror Fusion Test Facility and MHD Research Facility. Specifically, it will cover Argonne National Laboratory 12-Foot Bubble Chamber magnets, the 15-foot Bubble Chamber magnets at Fermi National Laboratory, the MFTF-B Magnet System at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the U-25B Bypass MHD Magnet, and the CFFF Superconducting MHD magnet built by Argonne National Laboratory. All of these magnets are cooled in pool-boiling mode. Magnet design is briefly reviewed. Discussed in detail are the adopted stability critera, analyses of stability and disturbance, stability simulation, and the final results of magnet performance and the observed coil disturbances.
Date:
November 11, 1981
Creator:
Wang, S. T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cytometry of mammalian sperm
Male germ cells respond dramatically to a variety of insults and are important reproductive dosimeters. Semen analyses are very useful in studies on the effects of drugs, chemicals, and environmental hazards on testicular function, male fertility and heritable germinal mutations. The accessibility of male cells makes them well suited for analytical cytology. We might automate the process of determining sperm morphology but should not do so solely for increased speed. Rather, richer tangible benefits will derive from cytometric evaluation through increased sensitivity, reduced subjectivity, standardization between investigators and laboratories, enhanced archival systems, and the benefits of easily exchanged standardized data. Inroads on the standardization of assays for motility and functional integrity are being made. Flow cytometric analysis of total DNA content of individual sperm is an insensitive means to detect exposure to reproductive toxins because of the small size and low frequency of the DNA content errors. Flow cytometry can be applied to determine the proportions of X- and Y-sperm in semen samples.
Date:
October 11, 1983
Creator:
Gledhill, B.L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fusion devices
Three types of thermonuclear fusion devices currently under development are reviewed for an electric utilities management audience. Overall design features of laser fusion, tokamak, and magnetic mirror type reactors are described and illustrated. Thrusts and trends in current research on these devices that promise to improve performance are briefly reviewed. Twenty photographs and drawings are included. (RME)
Date:
October 11, 1977
Creator:
Fowler, T.K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Separation of products from mild coal gasification processes
The primary mild coal gasification product mixture containing noncondensible gas, high-boiling hydrocarbon vapors and entrained fines is difficult to process into the desired pure products: gas, liquids, and dry solids. This challenge for mild coal gasification process development has been studied by surveying the technical literature for suitable separations processes and for similar issues in related processes. The choice for a first-stage solids separation step is standard cyclones, arranged in parallel trains for large-volume applications in order to take advantage of the higher separation efficiency of smaller cyclones. However, mild gasification pilot-plant data show entrainment of ultrafine particles for which standard cyclones have poor separation efficiency. A hot secondary solids separation step is needed for the ultrafine entrainment in order to protect the liquid product from excessive amounts of contaminating solids. The secondary solids separation step is similar to many high-temperature flue-gas applications with an important complicating condition: Mild gasifier vapors form coke on surfaces in contact with the vapors. Plugging of the filter medium by coke deposition is concluded to be the main product separation problem for mild gasification. Three approaches to solution of this problem are discussed in the order of preference: (1) a barrier filter medium made …
Date:
September 11, 1991
Creator:
Wallman, P. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Insulator materials in high power lasers for inertial fusion: present and future
A summary is given of the important characteristics of currently used insulator materials. Figures of merit for materials needed in future systems are identified. A methodology for identifying and evaluating new materials meeting the stringent performance requirements of future fusion laser systems is outlined.
Date:
November 11, 1983
Creator:
Krupke, W. F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy-beam processing studies on Ta/U and Ir/Ta systems. [Laser-and electron-beam melting]
Films of Ta metal on uranium and of Ir metal on tantalum have been irradiated and melted by pulses from Q-switched Ruby and frequency-doubled Nd:YAG lasers to investigate the nature of the resulting mixtures in light of the very different binary-phase diagrams of the two systems. In addition, a two-phase Ir-Ta alloy has been surface-processed with CW CO/sub 2/-laser radiation and with an electron beam in order to study microstructure refinement and test the advantage of using alloys as opposed to film-on-substrate combinations for the development of claddings.
Date:
November 11, 1983
Creator:
Kaufmann, E. N.; Peercy, P. S.; Jacobson, D. C.; Draper, C. W.; Huegel, F. J.; Echer, C. J. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Framework for Analyzing Safeguards Alarms and Response Decisions
This paper describes a quantitative approach to help evaluate and respond to safeguards alarms. These alrms may be generated internally by a facility's safeguards systems or externally by individuals claiming to possess stolen Special Nuclear Material (SNM). This approach can be used to identify the most likely cause of an alarm - theft, hoax, or error - and to evaluate alternative responses to alarms. Possible responses include conducting investigations, initiating measures to recover stolen SNM, and replying to external threats. Based on the results of each alarm investigation step, the evaluation revises the likelihoods of possible causes of an alarm, and uses this information to determine the optimal sequence of further responses. The choice of an optimal sequence of responses takes into consideration the costs and benefits of successful thefts or hoaxes. These results provide an analytical basis for setting priorities and developing contingency plans for responding to safeguards alarms.
Date:
June 11, 1982
Creator:
Al-Ayat, R. A.; Judd, B. R. & McCord, R. K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SNAP 19 Viking Program. Bimonthly Technical Progress Report, December 1980-January 1981
Monitoring of power systems performance data for Pioneer 10 and Pioneer Saturn spacecrafts continued. Net power output for either system during mid-January of 1981 was 112 watts. Power degradation has, for several years, been stable between 4 and 5 watts per year. Viking 1 Lander data acquisition has been resumed following the conclusion of Saturn encounter activities. Figures show the Mars Lander performance history of Viking 1. These data include both the minimum and maximum data for each of the SOL days plotted to show the range of performance experienced on the Martian surface.
Date:
March 11, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Linear-induction-motor slide drive
A linear-induction-motor drive system to position machine tool slides has been developed on a test bed that utilizes an air-bearing slide, laser interferometer feedback, and a microprocessor-based servo system. Static and dynamic positioning accuracies of +-16 nm (+-0.6 ..mu..in) have been demonstrated.
Date:
October 11, 1977
Creator:
Barkman, W. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary experiments with a carbon fiber tuft cathode
This work reports initial tests of a carbon brush or tuft cathode intended for use by the Beam Research Program. It was found that electric fields of approximately 100 kV/cm were required to produce current densities above 20 A/sq cm. The beam extracted from the cathode consisted of many beamlets - one for each tuft. The beamlets were found to be quite uniform in peak current density and the cathode operation was microscopically repeatable. The turn-on time was estimated to be 200 ns.
Date:
January 11, 1984
Creator:
Fessenden, T.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Coupling impedance of laminated magnets in the booster
The magnets in the Fermilab Booster Synchrotron are laminated in order to minimize the eddy current losses and associated field distortions expected at a 15 Hz operating frequency. To further reduce the eddy current losses, the vacuum chamber is outside the magnet, hence allowing the beam induced wall currents to see the laminations directly. This note estimates the coupling impedances and beam energy loss per turn caused by the exposed laminations.
Date:
July 11, 1986
Creator:
Shafer, R. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Summary of Thomson-scattering data from the Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX)
We provide a synthesis of our Thomson-scattering measurements of electron temperature (T/sub e/) and density (n/sub e/) for the Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX). TMX operated in two modes - high and low T/sub e/. When performing in the high T/sub e/ mode (in general > 100 eV), heating the central-cell ions with neutral beams raised T/sub e/ in the end plug. We achieved a maximum T/sub e/ of 260 eV in the east end plug. Specifically, our experiments demonstrated that in the end plug, the radial T/sub e/ profiles were flat to r = 5 cm; the ratio of potential (phi/sub p/) to T/sub e/ ranged between four and six. In addition, we found that although T/sub e/ in the central cell was generally comparable to that in the plug, it was often not constant along a magnetic field line. Under some conditions a non-Maxwellian electron distribution may have been present.
Date:
January 11, 1982
Creator:
Goodman, R.K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fusion Breeder Program interim report
This interim report for the FY82 Fusion Breeder Program covers work performed during the scoping phase of the study, December, 1981-February 1982. The goals for the FY82 study are the identification and development of a reference blanket concept using the fission suppression concept and the definition of a development plan to further the fusion breeder application. The context of the study is the tandem mirror reactor, but emphasis is placed upon blanket engineering. A tokamak driver and blanket concept will be selected and studied in more detail during FY83.
Date:
June 11, 1982
Creator:
Moir, R.; Lee, J. D. & Neef, W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Target factory in perspective
A target factory diagram has been constructed for an analysis of the shell coating process system in relation to target production. The number of deposition units needed to achieve the coating requirements will be a major target production operating cost.
Date:
April 11, 1980
Creator:
Sherohman, J.W. & Hendricks, C.D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Systematic efficiency enhancement in Monte Carlo applications. Final progress report, July 1, 1976-January 31, 1980
Research performed under the grant period has been undertaken as part of the principal investigator's long-term efforts to develop new, more efficient estimators for application to a wide variety of practical problems. Two rather different approaches have characterized the work: (1) the use of a multistage analysis (1) to optimize the efficiencies (variances) of families of estimating random variables in a traditional statistical Monte Carlo framework, and (2) the development of parallel quasi-random sampling techniques and corresponding deterministic error bounds.
Date:
June 11, 1980
Creator:
Spanier, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Parametric economic studies for inertial confinement fusion electric power plants
We have conducted parametric economic studies for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) electric power plants using an economic model to estimate the cost of electricity. We found that the economy of scale of the reactor is an important factor in determining the combination of target gain, driver efficiency, and electric conversion efficiency required for an economically competitive system. A strong economy of scale allows a significant reduction in these performance parameters for a given cost of electricity. The degree of reduction is dependent, however, on the maximum achievable chamber pulse rate.
Date:
June 11, 1986
Creator:
Meier, W. R. & Hogan, W. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Magnetic-mirror principle as applied to fusion research
A tutorial account is given of the key physics issues in the confinement of high temperature plasma in magnetic mirror systems. The role of adiabatic invariants and particle drifts and their relationship to equilibrium and stability are discussed, in the context of the various forms of mirror field geometry. Collisional effects and the development and the control of ambipolar potentials are reviewed. The topic of microinstabilities is discussed together with the means for their control. The properties and advantages for fusion power purposes of various special embodiments of the mirror idea, including tandem mirrors, are discussed.
Date:
August 11, 1983
Creator:
Post, Richard F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library