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Biodiesel Handling and Use Guidelines (open access)

Biodiesel Handling and Use Guidelines

Placeholder for an out-of-date document.
Date: September 5, 2001
Creator: Tyson, S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Relativistic Pseudopotentional Incorporating Core/Valence Polarization and Nonlocal Effects (open access)

Relativistic Pseudopotentional Incorporating Core/Valence Polarization and Nonlocal Effects

A relativistic pseudopotentional (RPP) for use in ab initio molecular electronic structure calculations is derived in the context of the relativistic effective core potential (REP) method of Lee et al. The resulting atom-specific RPP has salient features of the REP imbedded within it while retaining the form of a functional that is dynamically defined at runtime when used in calculations on molecules. The RPP is determined from Dirac-Fock wave functions for the isolated atom. Outercore two-electron interactions are incorporated into the RPP by means of variable coefficients that are defined in the context of the final molecular wave function. This form permits polarization of the outercore shells analogous to that occurring in all-electron molecular Hartree-Fock calculations while retaining these shells as part of the atomic pseudopotentional. Use of the RPP in post-Hartree-Fock molecular calculations permits the incorporation of core/valence correlation effects.
Date: April 5, 2001
Creator: Marino, M. M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Supplemental Modeling and Analysis Report, Atlas Corporation Moab Mill, Moab, Utah (open access)

Supplemental Modeling and Analysis Report, Atlas Corporation Moab Mill, Moab, Utah

The purpose of this report is to provide additional numerical modeling and data evaluation for the Atlas tailings pile near Moab, Utah. A previous report (Tailings Pile Seepage Model: The Atlas Corporation Moab Mill, Moab, Utah, January 9, 1998) prepared for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) by Oak Ridge National Laboratory/Grand Junction (ORNL/GJ) presented the results of steady-state modeling of water flow and subsequent discharge to the underlying groundwater system. At the request of the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), this model was expanded to evaluate the impact of drainage from the tailings pile in addition to recharge from precipitation in a transient mode simulation. In addition, the FWS requested transient simulations of contaminant transport in the alluvial aquifer. Subsequently, NRC requested an evaluation of additional hydrologic issues related to the results presented in the Tailings Pile Seepage Model (ORNL/GJ 1998a) and the Limited Groundwater Investigation (ORNL/GJ 1998b). Funding for the report was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy. The following section lists the individual tasks with subsequent sections providing the results. A map for the Atlas Moab Mill site is presented in Fig. 1.1.
Date: November 5, 2001
Creator: Easterly, CE
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
SuperShuttle CNG Fleet Study Summary: Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Information Series, Alternative Fuel Case Study (open access)

SuperShuttle CNG Fleet Study Summary: Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Information Series, Alternative Fuel Case Study

An account of the successful use of alternative fuels in a fleet of SuperShuttle passenger vans, which offer shared-rides between Boulder and Denver International Airport.
Date: March 5, 2001
Creator: Eudy, L.
Object Type: Book
System: The UNT Digital Library
Electron Acceleration in the Field-reversed Configuration (FRC) by Slowly Rotation Odd-parity Magnetic Fields (RMF[subscript o]) (open access)

Electron Acceleration in the Field-reversed Configuration (FRC) by Slowly Rotation Odd-parity Magnetic Fields (RMF[subscript o])

The trajectories of individual electrons are studied numerically in a 3D, prolate, FRC [field-reversed configuration] equilibrium magnetic geometry with added small-amplitude, slowly rotating, odd-parity magnetic fields (RMFos). RMFos cause electron heating by toroidal acceleration near the O-point line and by field-parallel acceleration away from it, both followed by scattering from magnetic-field inhomogeneities. Electrons accelerated along the O-point line move antiparallel to the FRC's current and attain average toroidal angular speeds near that of the RMFo, independent of the sense of RMFo rotation. A conserved transformed Hamiltonian, dependent on electron energy and RMFo sense, controls electron flux-surface coordinate.
Date: April 5, 2001
Creator: Glasser, A.H. & Cohen, S.A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Biofuels for Your State: Helping the Economy and the Environment (open access)

Biofuels for Your State: Helping the Economy and the Environment

A fact sheet that describes the advantages of using ethanol and biodiesel to solve local problems such as smog, ozone, and carbon monoxide.
Date: September 5, 2001
Creator: Brown, H.
Object Type: Book
System: The UNT Digital Library
Small Hydropower Systems: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Clearinghouse (open access)

Small Hydropower Systems: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Clearinghouse

This fact sheet introduces consumers to small hydropower systems, and includes information on how the systems work and how to assess a stream site for hydropower suitability.
Date: July 5, 2001
Creator: Nachman-Hunt, N.
Object Type: Book
System: The UNT Digital Library
NSTX Diagnostics for Fusion Plasma Science Studies (open access)

NSTX Diagnostics for Fusion Plasma Science Studies

This paper will discuss how plasma science issues are addressed by the diagnostics for the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX), the newest large-scale machine in the magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) program. The development of new schemes for plasma confinement involves the interplay of experimental results and theoretical interpretations. A fundamental requirement, for example, is a determination of the equilibria for these configurations. For MCF, this is well established in the solutions of the Grad-Shafranov equation. While it is simple to state its basis in the balance between the kinetic and magnetic pressures, what they are as functions of space and time are often not easy to obtain. Quantities like the plasma pressure and current density are not directly measurable. They are derived from data that are themselves complex products of more basic parameters. The same difficulties apply to the understanding of plasma instabilities. Not only are the needs for spatial and temporal resolution more stringent, but the wave parameters which characterize the instabilities are difficult to resolve. We will show how solutions to the problems of diagnostic design on NSTX, and the physics insight the data analysis provides, benefits both NSTX and the broader scientific community.
Date: July 5, 2001
Creator: Kaita, R.; Johnson, D.; Roquemore, L.; Bitter, M.; Levinton, F.; Paoletti, F. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Computational Design Studies for an Ion Extraction System for a ''volume-type'' ECR Ion Source (open access)

Computational Design Studies for an Ion Extraction System for a ''volume-type'' ECR Ion Source

Numerical studies have been performed for optimally extracting high-intensity, space-charged-limited multi-charged ion beams from an all-permanent-magnet, ''volume-type'' ECR ion source, equipped with a three-electrode extraction system. These studies clearly demonstrate the importance of being able to adjust the extraction gap in order to ensure high quality, minimum divergence (highly transportable) ion beams. Optimum extraction conditions are reached whenever the plasma meniscus has an optimum curvature for a given current density. Optimum perveance (optimum current) values are found to closely agree with those derived from elementary analytical theory for extraction of space-charge-dominated beams. Details of the electrode system design as well as angular divergence and RMS emittance versus extraction parameter data (e.g., perveance and extraction gap) are provided for ion beams of varying charge-state and mass, extracted under the influence of a mirror-geometry plasma confinement magnetic field.
Date: November 5, 2001
Creator: Zaim, H.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Options for Weatherization Programs in the NOx Tradable Emission Permit Program (open access)

The Options for Weatherization Programs in the NOx Tradable Emission Permit Program

In September 1998, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated a rule to address the regional transport of ground-level ozone by reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in states that were contributing significantly to air pollution problems for downwind states. One element of this program is a NOx tradable emission rights system, to be implemented by individual states. Large, stationary emission sources such as utilities and large cement plants will be issued certain quantities of emission rights, but EPA has encouraged states to set aside some proportion of these rights for energy-efficiency and renewable energy (EE/RE) programs, which could sell rights and use the proceeds to further support their programs. States have considerable leeway in specifying which EE/RE programs will receive emission rights. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Weatherization Assistance Program wanted to know whether the funding that could be derived from the sale of NOx emission rights would be large enough to justify the effort of verifying NOx reductions from its weatherization activities. This study projected the scope for NOx emission reductions from electricity-intensive weatherization measures in the twenty-two states, and the District of Columbia, included in the EPA ruling. The twenty-two states covered by the rule could expect …
Date: April 5, 2001
Creator: Jones, D.W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Steel--Industry of the Future; Industrial Partnerships: Advancing Energy and Environmental Goals (open access)

Steel--Industry of the Future; Industrial Partnerships: Advancing Energy and Environmental Goals

This tri-fold brochure describe the partnering activities of the Office of Industrial Technologies' (OIT) Industries of the Future (IOF) for Steel. Information on what works for the Steel industry, examples of successful partnerships, and benefits of partnering with OIT are included.
Date: February 5, 2001
Creator: Jones, A.
Object Type: Book
System: The UNT Digital Library
Super Energy Savings Performance Contracts: Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) Program Overview (revision) (open access)

Super Energy Savings Performance Contracts: Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) Program Overview (revision)

This four-page publication describes the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) streamlined energy savings performance contracting, or ''Super ESPC,'' process, which is managed by DOE's Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP). Under a Super ESPC, a qualifying energy service company (ESCO) from the private sector pays for energy efficiency improvements or advanced renewable energy technologies (e.g., photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, or geothermal heat pumps, among others) for a facility of a government agency. The ESCO is then repaid over time from the agency's resulting energy cost savings. Delivery orders under these contracts specify the level of performance (energy savings) and the repayment schedule; the contract term can be up to 25 years, although many Super ESPCs are for about 10 years or less.
Date: July 5, 2001
Creator: Pitchford, P.
Object Type: Book
System: The UNT Digital Library
Solvent Extraction External Radiation Stability Testing (open access)

Solvent Extraction External Radiation Stability Testing

Personnel irradiated a number of samples of calixarene-based solvent. Analysis of these samples indicated that measurable loss of the calixarene occurred at very high doses (-16 Mrad). No measurable loss of the Cs-7SB modifier occurred at equivalent doses. The primary degradation product, 4-sec-butylphenol, observed during analysis of the samples came from degradation of the modifier. Also, TOA proved more susceptible to damage than the other components of the solvent. The total degradation of the solvent proved relatively minor. The consistent solvent performance, as indicated by the measured D Cs values, after exposure at high total doses serves as evidence of the relatively low degree of degradation of the solvent components. Additional tests employing internal irradiation of solvents with both simulants and SRS tank waste will be completed by the end of March 2001 to provide confirmation of the results presented herein.
Date: January 5, 2001
Creator: Peterson, R.A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Thermal and mechanical effects of quenches on Nb{sub 3}Sn high field hadron collider magnets (open access)

Thermal and mechanical effects of quenches on Nb{sub 3}Sn high field hadron collider magnets

Thermal and its resulting mechanical stress due to quenches inside short and long epoxy impregnated Nb{sub 3}Sn high field magnets are studied with a quench simulation program, Kuench, and ANSYS program. For the protection of a long high field magnet, we have to use heaters to dump the stored energy uniformly inside the magnet, after detection of a spontaneous quench. The time delay of starting a forced quench with heaters, is estimated using ANSYS. Using this information, the thermal distribution in two-dimensional magnet cross section is studied. First a one meter model magnet with a dump resistor is used to estimate the effects and then a 10 meter long magnet is studied. The two-dimensional temperature distributions in the magnet cross sections are recorded every 5 ms, and visually displayed. With this visual animation displays we can understand intuitively the thermal and quench propagation in 2-dimensional field. The quenching cables get heated locally much more than the surrounding material and non-quenching conductor cables. With a one meter magnet with a dump resistor of 30 m{Omega}, typically only the quench starting cables and its neighbor cables get heated up to 100 K without significant effects from the heaters. With a10 meter magnet, …
Date: November 5, 2001
Creator: al., Ryuji Yamada et
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Letter Report on the Issue of Noble Metals in the DWPF Melter (open access)

Letter Report on the Issue of Noble Metals in the DWPF Melter

This report presents some historical data from the radioactive operation of the DWPF melter. Some of the data seem to indication that the melter is displaying symptoms that may be linked to accumulation of noble metal or other conductive material on the melter floor. The complex and often competing effects of waste composition, glass pool temperatures, and operating conditions must also be considered.
Date: September 5, 2001
Creator: Hutson, N. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Effusive-flow characterization of arbitrary size and geometry target/vapor transport systems: radioactive ion beam applications (open access)

Effusive-flow characterization of arbitrary size and geometry target/vapor transport systems: radioactive ion beam applications

The principal factors that severely limit intensities of short-lived radioactive ion beams produced by the Isotope Separator On-Line (ISOL) technique are time delays due to diffusion of radioactive species from solid or liquid target materials and their effusive-flow transport to the ion source. Although diffusion times can be reduced by proper design of short diffusion length, highly refractory targets, effusive-flow times are more difficult to assess. After diffusion from the target material, the species must travel through the target material and vapor transport system to the ion source. The time required for effusive-flow transport to the ion source depends on the conduction path, chemical reactions between the species and target material and materials of construction as well as the physical size and geometry of the transport system. We have developed a fast-valve (1 ms closing time) for introducing gaseous or vapor-state species into the target/vapor transport/ion source/system th at permits measurement of effusive-flow times for any gaseous or vaporous species (chemically active or chemically inactive) through any vapor transport system, independent of size and geometry. Characteristic times are determined from the exponential decay of the momentum analyzed ion beam intensity for the species.during effusive-flow through the vapor transport system under …
Date: November 5, 2001
Creator: Bilheux, J.-C.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Optimization of the Ion-Cut Process in Si and SiC (open access)

Optimization of the Ion-Cut Process in Si and SiC

None
Date: January 5, 2001
Creator: Holland, O.W.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Effects of 2D and Finite Density Fluctuations on O-X Correlation Reflectometry (open access)

Effects of 2D and Finite Density Fluctuations on O-X Correlation Reflectometry

The correlation between O-mode and X-mode reflectometer signals is studied with a 1D and 2D reflectometer model in order to explore its feasibilities as a q-profile diagnostic. It was found that 2D effects and finite fluctuation levels both decrease the O-X correlation. At very low fluctuation levels, which are usually present in the plasma core, there is good possibility to determine the local magnetic field strength and use that as a constraint for the equilibrium reconstruction.
Date: July 5, 2001
Creator: Kramer, G. J.; Nazikian, R. & Valeo, E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear power plant life extension using subsize surveillance specimens. Performance report (4/15/92 - 4/14/98) (open access)

Nuclear power plant life extension using subsize surveillance specimens. Performance report (4/15/92 - 4/14/98)

A new methodology to predict the Upper Shelf Energy (USE) of standard Charpy specimens (Full size) based on subsize specimens has been developed. The prediction methodology uses Finite Element Modeling (FEM) to model the fracture behavior. The inputs to FEM are the tensile properties of material and subsize Charpy specimen test data.
Date: March 5, 2001
Creator: Kumar, Arvind S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Performance and cost of particle air filtration technologies (open access)

Performance and cost of particle air filtration technologies

None
Date: May 5, 2001
Creator: Fisk, William J. & Faulkner, David
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development of laser-based resonance ionization techniques for 81-Kr and 85-Kr measurements in the geosciences, II. December 1, 1994 through December 31, 2000 reporting period. Final technical report for Grant No. DE-FG05-95ER14497 (open access)

Development of laser-based resonance ionization techniques for 81-Kr and 85-Kr measurements in the geosciences, II. December 1, 1994 through December 31, 2000 reporting period. Final technical report for Grant No. DE-FG05-95ER14497

A facility for measurement of rare Kr-81 and Kr-85 isotope concentration in hydrogeologic samples, and isotopic composition of minute quantities of krypton and xenon from extraterrestrial samples, was established, requiring refinement of an emerging mass spectrometric-based analytical technique and securing of laboratory space and equipment. The analytical process consists of (1) collecting a groundwater sample, (2) degassing the water, (3) separating Kr from the recovered gases, (4&5) two isotopic enrichments to reduce interfering isotopes by E9, and (6) detecting the rare krypton isotope in a unique time-of-flight mass spectrometer detecting as few as 100 Kr atoms. All equipment is installed and operating, with only some additional adjustment and testing of the last step (6, above) remaining to be completed. Collaborations have been established with a number of researchers and organizations world wide, and both groundwater and extraterrestrial samples have been collected. Completion of analyses awaits full operation of step 6.
Date: February 5, 2001
Creator: Thonnard, Norbert; McKay, Larry D. & Labotka, Theodore C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Final report for Frequency selective surfaces for rugged thermophotovoltaic emitters (open access)

Final report for Frequency selective surfaces for rugged thermophotovoltaic emitters

Ion Optics created an array of regularly spaced holes in a thin conductive surface film on a dielectric substrate. When heated, this pattern behaved as a selective emitter, with more than 50% of total radiation in a well-defined peak with a center frequency determined by geometrical spacing. Peak wavelength did not alter with change in temperature, and materials easily survived 10 hours at 1000 C in air. The selective emitter will increase efficiency of thermophotovoltaic power converters.
Date: April 5, 2001
Creator: Daly, James
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Limited Groundwater Investigation of The Atlas Corporation Moab Mill, Moab, Utah (open access)

Limited Groundwater Investigation of The Atlas Corporation Moab Mill, Moab, Utah

The project described in this report was conducted by personnel from Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Grand Junction Office (ORNL/GJ). The purpose was to refine information regarding groundwater contamination emanating from the Atlas Corporation's former uranium mill in Moab, Utah.
Date: November 5, 2001
Creator: Easterly, CE
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Rice Thresher, Vol. 89, No. 8, Ed. 1 Friday, October 5, 2001 (open access)

The Rice Thresher, Vol. 89, No. 8, Ed. 1 Friday, October 5, 2001

A weekly student newspaper from the Rice University in Houston, Texas that includes campus news and commentaries along with advertising.
Date: October 5, 2001
Creator: Liu, Leslie & Reichle, Robert
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History