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Environmental monitoring at major U. S. Energy Research and Development Administration contractor sites: calendar year 1976. Volume 2
The purpose of this compilation is to present, in a central reference document, all of the individual annual reports summarizing the results of the environmental monitoring programs conducted at each of the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) sites having a potential for environmental impact or which release a significant quantity of radioactivity or nonradioactive pollutants. Data on the levels of radioactivity and nonradioactive pollutants in effluents and the environs at each site are given, and effluent and environmental measurements and sampling results are evaluated in relation to the appropriate standards for environmental protection, including estimates of potential radiation exposures offsite. It is noteworthy that, in most cases, the potential offsite exposures are so low they cannot be determined by direct measurement methods but must be estimated by calculational techniques. All potential offsite exposures to members of the public from routine effluent releases in 1976 were less than 5 mrem/yr (i.e., less than one percent of the established radiation protection guidelines for exposure of the public). Additionally, the estimated collective man-rem dose potential to all members of the public within an 80 Km radius at all ERDA sites is less than .02 percent of the estimated man-rem dose due to …
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Calorimetric and optical beam diagnostics on the LBL 120-keV neutral beam test facility
The 120-keV Neutral Beam Test Facility at LBL is fitted with several types of instrumentation to determine the properties of the 10- to 15-A hydrogen and deuterium beams produced in this facility. These include a neutral particle dump for measuring the temperature profile generated by the beam, and a fixed and a moveable ion dump to measure the temperature profiles generated by the various ion components after they have been swept out of the neutral beam by a bending magnet. These several dumps provide enough information to determine the power density profiles and divergences of the neutral beam and the various ion beams for comparison with theoretical calculations, the beam composition, and the neutralization efficiency. The optical beam diagnostic consists of a high-resolution spectrometer coupled with a commercial optical multichannel analyzer. These instruments analyze Doppler-shifted optical radiation from the moving neutral atoms in the beam. Analysis of data so obtained provides the aiming directions and divergences of the various energy components in the neutral beam, as well as the beam composition.
Date:
October 1, 1977
Creator:
Burrell, C. F.; Cooper, W. S.; Steele, W. F. & Smith, R. R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
LLL total flow geothermal program: summary of two-phase nozzle tests for scale control and materials performance
A series of nozzle and wearblade tests to evaluate scale control and materials performance under total flow nozzle inlet conditions and simulated turbine blade environments was completed using Magmamax No. 1 well fluid. Brine acidification was effective in preventing scale in nozzles and on wearblade flow surfaces. Acid consumption measurements indicate that acid cost will be less than 2 mills/100 lb. brine. Measured erosion rates were low and the results indicate that available materials will allow successful turbine operation for many years. Stress corrosion cracking was not observed in specimens of the leading candidate turbine material (Ti-6A1-4V) after up to 60-hours operation at stresses similar to those expected in an operating turbine system.
Date:
December 1, 1977
Creator:
Tardiff, G.E. (ed.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ACORN: a computer program for plotting fault trees. [In FORTRAN for CDC Cyber 74]
A description and user instructions are presented for ACORN, a FORTRAN computer program for drawing fault trees. ACORN analyzes the input logical structure of a fault tree and provides data for CalComp plot of the tree. AND, OR, and INHIBIT gates are permitted, and basic events are drawn as diamonds, circles, or houses. Each component (gate or basic event) can have a descriptive label within a rectangle attached to the top of its respective symbol. Tree logic is input as a set of FORTRAN statements, each defining a gate in terms of logical operations of the components input to it. ACORN develops the logical structure of the tree from the input statements. The tree's physical structure is developed by assigning relative spatial coordinates to the logical relationships between a gate and its inputs. ACORN provides input data checking, a printer plot of the fault tree, and plotting data for a CalComp model 763 plotter. The program is operational on a CONTROL DATA CYBER 74 computer. 2 figures, 1 table.
Date:
November 1, 1977
Creator:
Carter, J. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Photovoltaic systems concept study. Volume IV. Final report
This report has been prepared in nine sections plus appendices, separated into five separate volumes. This volume contains three sections. Separate abstracts were prepared for each section. (MHR)
Date:
April 1, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of impurity radiation from a well diganosed, laser heated plasma sample. Final report
The results are described of an experimental and theoretical program designed to measure the relative intensities of line radiation from various ionization stages of carbon and helium impurities added to a deuterium plasma, and to relate the observed line intensity ratios to the plasma temperature. A deuterium sample plasma is produced and heated to a temperature of 2 to 7 eV at an electron density of 5 x 10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/. The plasma parameters are monitored at various discrete times during the plasma decay using the Thomson scattering system. Simultaneously, the same sample volume is observed in the visible region of the spectrum using a streak camera coupled to a spectrograph. A continuous record of the plasma visible spectrum is thus obtained during the plasma time history, with at one specific time a data point on the plasma parameters, n/sub e/ and T/sub e/. Modifications were made to the plasma sample facility to shorten the duration of the preionization current and to increase its magnitude. This modification accomplished the desired effect of increasing the electron density in the heated plasma to 5 x 10/sup 16/, essentially obtaining full filling density. Additional insulation was added to the solenoid and satisfactory …
Date:
November 1, 1977
Creator:
Crawford, E.; Quimby, D.; Hoffman, A. & Pietrzyk, Z.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Estimate of the longitudinal self electric field of an ion beam
The self electric field on the axis of an ion beam of radius a in a conducting cylinder of radius b is given. The formula assumes that the radius of the conducting cylinder is much smaller than the length of the ion beam (b much less than L) and that E/sub z/ is calculated away from the edge of the beam (vertical bar z vertical bar less than vertical bar L/2 vertical bar). For the HIDE parameters, i.e., loosely speaking a 50 TW, 100 JK, multi-GeV heavy ion beam, the assumption b much less than L is no longer valid and hence this equation cannot be used. Since for an unneutralized heavy ion beam it is necessary to apply ramp voltages to compensate for the longitudinal self fields it is desirable to know exactly what these fields are. Here, exact expressions for E/sub z/ on the axis of the ion beam are obtained and are compared under different circumstances with the approximate results given by the equation.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Irani, A.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
General multi-configuration Hartree--Fock program: MCHF77. [In FORTRAN (double precision) for IBM 360 and 370]
This technical report contains a listing of a general program for multi-configuration Hartree--Fock (MCHF) calculations, including its documentation. Several examples are given showing how the program may be used. Typical output for several cases is also presented. This program has been tested over an extended period of time for a large variety of cases. This program is written for the IBM 360 or 370 in double-precision arithmetic.
Date:
November 1, 1977
Creator:
Fischer, C F
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of induced unimolecular decomposition for development of visible chemical lasers. Final report, 1 May 1976--30 April 1977
This report summarizes the results of a study of azide decomposition for possible application in a visible chemical laser. Task 1 of the subject contract involved thorough review of the chemical literature pertaining to azide decomposition. Covalently bonded azides decompose directly into an electronically excited nitrene (RN) and ground-state molecular nitrogen. Ionic azides decompose to metal atoms and azide radicals. The azide radicals subsequently recombine to form electronically excited nitrogen molecules. Task 2, the experimental phase of this program, involved the study of azide-radical reactions. A flow reactor was built in which large concentrations (up to 10/sup 13/ molec cm/sup -3/) of N/sub 3/ could be produced from the thermal decomposition of NaN/sub 3/. The kinetics of and chemiluminescent products from several reactions of N/sub 3/ have been studied, and a method for obtaining absolute concentrations of N/sub 3/ is described. The potential utility of azide decomposition for the production of excited electronic states suitable for a laser device and further areas of research germane to this goal are discussed briefly.
Date:
May 1, 1977
Creator:
Piper, L G & Taylor, R L
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cruise Report: R/V KNORR 54 Leg 6, Ostend to Reykjavik, May--June 1976
Samples of seawater and sediments collected from various locations of the Atlantic Ocean and North Sea were analyzed for phosphates and silicates. Results are discussed.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of energy constraints on transportation systems. [Twenty-six papers]
Twenty-six papers are presented on a variety of topics including: energy and transportaton facts and figures; long-range planning under energy constraints; technology assessment of alternative fuels; energy efficiency of intercity passenger and freight movement; energy efficiency of intracity passenger movement; federal role; electrification of railroads; energy impact of the electric car in an urban enviroment; research needs and projects in progress--federal viewpoint; research needs in transportation energy conservation--data needs; and energy intensity of various transportation modes--an overview. A separate abstract was prepared for each of the papers for inclusion in Energy Research Abstracts (ERA) and in Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis (EAPA).
Date:
December 1, 1977
Creator:
Mittal, R. K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Avalanche transistor pulser for fast-gated operation of micro-channel plate image-intensifiers
Transistors operated in the avalanche mode are employed to generate a 1000 volt 10 to 30 nsec wide pulse with less than 4 nsec rise and fall times. This pulse is resistively attenuated to approximately equal to 270 volts and drives the image intensifier tube which is a load of approximately equal to 200 pf. To reduce stray inductance and capacitance, transistor chips were assembled on a thick-film hybrid substrate. Circuit parameters, operating conditions, and coupling to the microchannel plate image-intensifier (MCPI/sup 2/) tube are described. To provide dc operating voltages and control of transient voltages on the MCPI/sup 2/ tube a resistance-capacitance network has been developed which (a) places the MCPI/sup 2/ output phosphor at ground, (b) provides programmable gains in ''f-stop'' steps, and (c) minimizes voltage transients on the MCPI/sup 2/ tube.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Lundy, A.; Parker, J. R.; Lunsford, J. S. & Martin, A. D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermodynamic properties of SeS
Mass-spectrometry and Knudsen effusion experiments were used to study the equilibrium partial pressure of SeS formed by reaction of S/sub 2/ and Se/sub 2/ which were produced by thermally decomposing a mixture of In/sub 2/S/sub 3/ and In/sub 2/Se/sub 3/ in a Knudsen effusion cell. The heat of formation of SeS(g) was determined by the second law method to be -0.6 +- 3 kcal/mole. The entropy of formation of SeS(g) was calculated from spectrographic data in Ahmed and Barrow to be 1.5 cal/degree-mole at 298/sup 0/K.
Date:
December 1, 1977
Creator:
Huang, M.D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Solar Pilot Plant, Phase I. Preliminary design report. Volume II. System description and system analysis. CDRL item 2
Honeywell conducted a parametric analysis of the 10-MW(e) solar pilot plant requirements and expected performance and established an optimum system design. The main analytical simulation tools were the optical (ray trace) and the dynamic simulation models. These are described in detail in Books 2 and 3 of this volume under separate cover. In making design decisions, available performance and cost data were used to provide a design reflecting the overall requirements and economics of a commercial-scale plant. This volume contains a description of this analysis/design process and resultant system/subsystem design and performance.
Date:
May 1, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
HIDE working groups. A. Synchrotron based system
A summary is given of a week's discussions on an ion source to target scenario for a synchrotron for heavy ion fusion. Topics considered include: the number of beams on the target; beam dynamics; and a number of areas explicitly identified as needing further work. (PMA)
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Barton, M. Q.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Vapor phase spectroscopy of complex lanthanide halide--aluminum halide molecular species
The absorption spectrum of ErCl/sub 3/ (AlCl/sub 3/)/sub x/ vapor complex was measured and analyzed using the Judd-Ofelt theory. Structural correlations in other AlCl/sub 3/ vapor complexes and radiation emission are discussed. Fluorescence of TbCl/sub 3/ (AlCl/sub 3/)/sub x/ vapor complex and in the NdCl/sub 3/ (AlCl/sub 3/)/sub x/ system were studied. (DLC)
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Carnall, W T; Hessler, J P; Williams, C W & Hoekstra, H R
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Stirling total energy systems study. Final report, May 15, 1976--June 13, 1977
The application of Stirling cycle prime movers to total energy power generation systems was investigated. Electrical, heating, and cooling demand profiles for a typical residential complex, hospital, and office building were studied, and alternative Stirling total energy systems were conceptualized for each site. These were analyzed in detail and contrasted with purchased-power systems for these sites to determine fuel-energy savings and investment attractiveness. The residential complex and hospital would be excellent candidates for total energy systems, and prime movers in the 1000 kW output range would be required. Stirling engines with so large an output have not been built to date, although there would be no fundamental technical barrier to prevent this. However, careful consideration must be given to the following technological decision areas before arriving at a final design, if its potential is to be realized: engine configuration, hotside heat exchange interface, engine control system, internal gas seals, and advanced coal combustion technology. The principal advantage of a Stirling prime mover in this application, in view of national concern over present and future dependence on oil, is that it could utilize low-grade liquid fuels and coal.
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Lehrfeld, D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigations of the Natural Fission Reactor Program. Progress report, October 1976--September 1977
During Fiscal Year 1977, efforts of the Natural Fission Reactor Program have been directed toward (1) further measurements and predictions of reactor product migration at Oklo, (2) uraninite solubility studies, (3) radiogenic equilibria studies of natural Pu, Ra, and Th in U ores, (4) search for evidence of other natural fission reactors, and (5) supportive analytical measurements and procedures development.
Date:
November 1, 1977
Creator:
Apt, K.E. (ed.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Basic linear algebra subprograms for FORTRAN usage. [BLAS, in FORTRAN and assembly language for IBM 360/67, CDC 6600 and 7600, and Univac 1108]
A package of 38 low-level subprograms for many of the basic operations of numerical linear algebra is presented. The package is intended to be used with FORTRAN. The operations in the package are dot products, elementary vector operations, Givens transformations, vector copy and swap, vector norms, vector scaling, and the indices of components of largest magnitude. The subprograms and a test driver are available in portable FORTRAN. Versions of the subprograms are also provided in assembly language for the IBM 360/67, the CDC 6600 and CDC 7600, and the Univac 1108.
Date:
October 1, 1977
Creator:
Lawson, C.L.; Hanson, R.J.; Kincaid, D.R. & Krogh, F.T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
TFTR coil case design
The TFTR (TOKAMAK Fusion Test Reactor) TF (Toroidal Field) coil cases are highly loaded structures designed within severe constraints. Foremost among these are basic machine geometry, material characteristics of both the case and the copper/epoxy matrix it supports, and overall cost. Scoping and parametric studies have been performed continuously since conceptual design. The progression of design decisions including coil shape, support locations and their stiffnesses, material selection, and element sizing are described. The significant variables are identified for each of the studies. The current coil case design is presented in detail along with aspects of the design still under consideration. Questions that remain involve the effects of limitations placed upon the coil materials (copper, epoxy) themselves. Resolution of these questions is to be accomplished by development tests of coil elements similar to those in the current design. Two alternate designs have been held in reserve pending completion of the development tests. Each is briefly described as to its basic configuration, potential for improvement, and its effect on the overall device.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Pusateri, J.; Barnes, G. & Citrolo, J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Survey of selected agencies conducted to determine the extent to which the nation's coals are adequately characterized
A survey was conducted to determine the extent to which the nation's coals were adequately characterized. Questionnaires were sent to 81 agencies in the coal community selected to form a representative cross section of the organizations concerned with coal characterization. Fifty-nine completed questionnaires were received. Respondents included representatives of the agencies with the longest experience in characterization and those in the best position to know the status of our knowledge of the composition and properties of the coals comprising the country's coal fields. Analysis of the responses to the questionnaire resulted in the following conclusions: The nation's coals are inadequately characterized for their efficient and effective use, particularly in relation to coal conversion technology and maintaining environmental quality; the number of agencies conducting coal characterization programs is too small to meet the nation's needs within the time frame required; and the scope of coal characterization programs should be expanded to develop a broader spectrum of basic compositional and performance data.
Date:
October 1, 1977
Creator:
Hower, J. M.; Davis, A.; Dolsen, C. P. & Spackman, W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Low energy components from charge transfer in neutral beams for fusion
The MFTF/TFTR injector system is studied. The LLL double charge exchange system is also studied. The stripping problem in surface-production negative ion systems producing beam energies up to 1000 keV is also investigated. (MOW)
Date:
March 1, 1977
Creator:
Anderson, O. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Western gas sands project status report
The Western Gas Sands Project Plan, Project Implementation Plans, Project Plan Document FY 78 and the Quarterly Basin Activities Report are in various stages of preparation. Information gathering by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) of the initial data base for many of the project activities is continuing. Some base maps are complete and field investigations in the principal areas of interest are being conducted. Investigation of tight gas sands with scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction techniques and an X-ray spectrometer is proceeding. Research and Development by Energy Research Centers and National Laboratories funded by DOE has been directed toward the development of new tools and instrumentation systems, rock mechanics experiments, mathematical modeling and data analysis. The positive results of system development and data analysis techniques by Sandia and USGS/Menlo Park in determining fracture orientation have been very encouraging. The Field Test and Demonstrations section reports primarily on joint Government/Industry experiments. The Uinta Basin in Utah and Piceance Basin in Colorado have active massive hydraulic fracturing (MHF) experiments in the Upper Cretaceous tight gas formations. These are: Gas Producing Enterprises (GPE)--Natural Buttes No. 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22; Mobil Research and Development--F-31-13G; and Rio Blanco Natural Gas.
Date:
December 1, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Feasibility demonstration of the Sperry down-well pumping system. Final report
Advantages of down-well pumping (vs. free-flowing) of geothermal hot-water wells are presented, and criteria for such a system are discussed. The main body of the report is presented under the following section headings: the Sperry down-well pumping system; field test program; field operations; test results; and, conclusions and recommendations. The appendix includes a summary of boiler heat transfer and pressure drop calculations. (JGB)
Date:
May 1, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library