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Evaluation of borehole electromagnetic and seismic detection of fractures (open access)

Evaluation of borehole electromagnetic and seismic detection of fractures

Experiments were conducted to establish the feasibility of downhole high-frequency techniques for location of fractures in the vicinity of boreholes. An existing flame-cut slot in granite was filled with salt water to simulate a brine-filled fracture. The first method used an electromagnetic wave at 30 to 300 MHz, vhf frequencies. A transmitter consisting of a phased dual-dipole array arranged to provide a directional signal toward the fracture was installed in a borehole opposite the fracture. A receiver was also located in the same borehole. The radar returns from the simulated fracture were detectable in boreholes located at distances of up to 12 meters from the fracture. These results indicate for the first time the feasibility of a downhole vhf radar for use in a single borehole for detection of fractures located away from the borehole. Similar experiments were also conducted using seismic waves at 4.5 to 6 KHz. The transmitter and the receiver in this case were located in separate boreholes. During this experiment, reflections from the slot were obtained only with the transducers oriented for shear wave illumination and detection. These results suggest that a high-frequency shear wave can also be used to detect fractures away from a borehole.
Date: February 1, 1984
Creator: Chang, H. T.; Suhler, S. A. & Owen, T. E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
MHD Coal-Fired Flow Facility. Quarterly/annual technical progress report, October-December 1979 (open access)

MHD Coal-Fired Flow Facility. Quarterly/annual technical progress report, October-December 1979

In this Fourth Quarterly/Annual Report submitted under DOE contracts EX-76-C-01-1760 and DE-AC02-79ET10815, the University of Tennessee Space Institute (UTSI) reports on significant activity, task status, planned research, testing, and development, and conclusions for the Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Coal-Fired Flow Facility (CFFF) and the Research and Development Laboratory. Work on the CFFF progressed with only minor problems. Total construction activity for all site work presently awarded is nearly 98% complete. Water analysis shows that Woods Reservoir baseline conditions are within EPA or Tennessee drinking water standards. For the primary combustor, the vitiation heater and primary combustor fabrication drawings were completed and the nozzle design was completed. The drum module for the radiant slagging furnace was awarded. On the MHD Power Generator, development continued in several areas of advanced analysis including development of time-dependent models for use with the one-dimensional code. For seed regeneration, the tentative determination is that the Tomlinson Tampella is the most economically viable method. With regard to capped electrode erosion, investigations have shown that the major degradation of the cladding still present is at the leading edge of the capped anode. To alleviate this, plans are to hot work the noble metal in the bending operation. In resolving another …
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Dicks, J. B.; Chapman, J. N. & Crawford, L. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
California geothermal resource development environmental implications for ERCDC Environmental Analysis Office. Final report (open access)

California geothermal resource development environmental implications for ERCDC Environmental Analysis Office. Final report

The results of an analysis of the environmental implications for ERCDC Environmental Analysis Office (EAO) in relation to the development of California's geothermal resources are reported. While focusing primarily on environmental implications, particularly the natural, social, and economic elements, the report includes some ERCDC-wide policy and program considerations. The primary thrusts of the work have been in the development of an understanding of the interagency and intergovernmental environmental data and data-management roles and responsibilities and in the formulation of recommendations related thereto. Five appendices are included, one of which is a tax credit agreement between a power company and Skagit County, Washington. (JGB)
Date: February 1, 1977
Creator: Roberts, J.A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The IGAC activity for the development of global emissions inventories: Description and initial results (open access)

The IGAC activity for the development of global emissions inventories: Description and initial results

Modeling assessments of the atmospheric chemistry, air quality and climatic conditions of the past, present and future require as input inventories of emissions of the appropriate chemical species constructed on appropriate spatial and temporal scales. The task of the Global Emissions Inventories Activity (GEIA) of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project (IGAC) is the production of global inventories suitable for a range of research applications. Current GEIA programs are generally based on addressing emissions by species; these include CO{sub 2}, NH{sub 3}/N{sub 2}O, SO{sub 2}/NO{sub x}, CFC, volatile organic compounds and radioisotopes. In addition a separate program to inventory emissions from biomass burning is also being structured, plus an additional program to address data management issues for all the developing inventories. Program priorities are based on current knowledge and tasks needed to produce the desired inventories. This paper will discuss the different types of global inventories to be developed by the GEIA programs, their key characteristics, and areas to be addressed in the compilation of such inventories. Results of the first GEIA task, a survey of existing inventories and auxiliary data, will be presented. The survey included status assessments for the available inventory information for nineteen different atmospheric species or …
Date: February 1, 1992
Creator: Benkovitz, C.M. (Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States)) & Graedel, T.E. (AT and T Bell Labs., Murray Hill, NJ (United States))
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
NUCLA Circulating Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Demonstration Project (open access)

NUCLA Circulating Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Demonstration Project

The objective of this DOE Cooperative Agreement is to conduct a cost-shared clean coal technology project to demonstrate the feasibility of circulating fluidized bed combustion technology and to evaluate economic, environmental, and operational benefits of CFB steam generators on a utility scale. At the conclusion of the Phase 2 program, testing related to satisfying these objectives was completed. Data analysis and reporting are scheduled for completion by October 1991. (VC)
Date: February 1, 1992
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sulfur hexafluoride transfer and storage system of the Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility: some thermodynamic properties (open access)

Sulfur hexafluoride transfer and storage system of the Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility: some thermodynamic properties

The transfer of SF/sub 6/ insulating gas from the 25 MV accelerator pressure vessel (volume = 80,000 ft/sup 3/) into liquid storage tanks (volume = 6,000 ft/sup 3/) is accomplished by means of two three-stage piston compressors operating in parallel. Gas from the first and second compression stages is passed through heat exchangers prior to injection into subsequent stages while gas from the third stage is cooled and/or liquified by a third exchanger/condenser. Tabulated thermodynamic data were used in calculating the SF/sub 6/ transfer rate, stage compression ratios and heat transfer rates as a function of the fraction of the total inventory of SF/sub 6/ (270,000 lbs) which has been transferred. The SF/sub 6/ temperature, pressure and liquid fraction are also calculated at various points throughout the system. Operating parameters and procedures are recommended which should eliminate the possibility that liquid SF/sub 6/ is injected into a compressor cylinder and prevent the generation of excessive pressure in the storage tanks.
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: Milner, W. T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Design of a photovoltaic central power station: flat-plate array (open access)

Design of a photovoltaic central power station: flat-plate array

A design for a photovoltaic central power station using fixed flat-panel arrays has been developed. The 100 MW plant is assumed to be located adjacent to the Saguaro Power Station of Arizona Public Service. The design assumes high-efficiency photovoltaic modules using dendritic web cells. The modules are arranged in 5 MW subfields, each with its own power conditioning unit. The photovoltaic output is connected to the existing 115 kV utility switchyard. The site specific design allows detailed cost estimates for engineering, site preparation, and installation. Collector and power conditioning costs have been treated parametrically.
Date: February 1, 1984
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nondestructive evaluation of LWR spent fuel shipping casks (open access)

Nondestructive evaluation of LWR spent fuel shipping casks

An analysis of nondestructve testing (NDT) methods currently being used to evaluate the integrity of Light Water Reactor (LWR) spent fuel shipping casks is presented. An assessment of anticipated NDT needs related to breeder reactor cask requirements is included. Specific R and D approaches to probable NDT problem areas such as the evaluation of austenitic stainless steel weldments are outlined. A comprehensive bibliography of current NDT methods for cask evaluation in the USA, Great Britain, Japan and West Germany was compiled for this study.
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: Ballard, D.W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Considerations for the use of synchrotron radiation sources to measure sub-keV x-ray photoabsorption cross sections in transmission (open access)

Considerations for the use of synchrotron radiation sources to measure sub-keV x-ray photoabsorption cross sections in transmission

Sub-keV x-ray photoabsorption cross section measurements in transmission have been made using synchrotron radiation beam lines on the VUV storage ring at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) and on the SPEAR storage ring at Stanford. The experimental considerations associated with making absolute measurements are reviewed, along with techniques for resolving difficulties. Suggestions for future measurements are included.
Date: February 1, 1988
Creator: Tirsell, K.G. & Del Grande, N.K.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation in Steels Exposed to Inert and Corrosive Environments. Final Report, May 1, 1977--December 31, 1977 (open access)

Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation in Steels Exposed to Inert and Corrosive Environments. Final Report, May 1, 1977--December 31, 1977

The fatigue crack initiation life of AISI 1018 steel was investigated using compact tension specimens having sharp notch root radii. The data were analyzed using two methods for predicting initiation in strain cycling experiments. Also, another approach in which initiation is related to the stress intensity factor was developed. The next phase, that of propagation, was studied using AISI 1018 steel and a new high strength steel HY-180. The crack propagation data obtained for both steels tested in air can be described accurately by the power law first suggested by Paris, da/dN = C(..delta..K)/sup n/, where a is the crack length, N the number of cycles, and C and n are material constants. However, the exponent n was found to be two times larger for AISI 1018 steel than HY-180 steel.
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: Youseffi, K. & Finnie, I.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Condensing economizers: Thermal performance and particulate removal efficiencies (open access)

Condensing economizers: Thermal performance and particulate removal efficiencies

Condensing economizers can be used to increase the thermal efficiency of boilers and furnaces. This project has involved a study of these specifically for application to coal-water mixture fuels although the results can be extended to other fuels. experimental studies to evaluate thermal performance and removal of particulates across indirect contract economizers have been performed. The test arrangement incorporates oil firing with the injection of flyash into the flue gas to simulate coal combustion products. Water sprays into the combustion products are used to achieve variable flue gas moisture content and a variable amount of condensation in the economizers. The economizers are tubular with flue gas on the outside of the tubes. Tube surfaces are plastic coated to prevent corrosion. The gas temperature and condensation profiles through the economizers have been predicted and overall predicted performance has been compared with test results. Mechanisms for particle removal are discussed and predicted removal efficiencies as a functions of particle diameter are presented. It is is shown that inertial impaction is the dominant mechanism and particle removal efficiencies up to 89% have been realized.
Date: February 1, 1992
Creator: Butcher, T.A.; Litzke, Wai Lin (Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States)) & Park, N. (Stony Brook Scientific, Ltd., Morristown, PA (United States))
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Uranium hydrogeochemical and stream-sediment reconnaissance of the Bettles NTMS quadrangle, Alaska (open access)

Uranium hydrogeochemical and stream-sediment reconnaissance of the Bettles NTMS quadrangle, Alaska

This report presents results of a Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) of the Bettles NTMS quadrangle, Alaska. In addition to this abbreviated data release, more complete data are available to the public in machine-readable form. These machine-readable data, as well as quarterly or semiannual program progress reports containing further information on the HSSR program in general, or on the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) portion of the program in particular, are available from DOE's Technical Library at its Grand Junction Area Office. Presented in this data release are location data, field analyses, and laboratory analyses of several different sample media. For the sake of brevity, many field site observations have not been included in this volume; these data are, however, available on the magnetic tape. Appendices A and B describe the sample media and summarize the analytical results for each medium. The data have been subdivided by one of the Los Alamos National Laboratory sorting programs of Zinkl and others (1981a) into groups of stream-sediment and lake-sediment samples. For each group which contains a sufficient number of observations, statistical tables, tables of raw data, and 1:1,000,000 scale maps of pertinent elements have been included in this report. Also included …
Date: February 1, 1982
Creator: D'Andrea, R. F., Jr.; Zinkl, R. J.; Shettel, D. L., Jr.; Langfeldt, S. L. & Hardy, L. C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Conditioning of geothermal brine effluents for injection: use of coagulants (open access)

Conditioning of geothermal brine effluents for injection: use of coagulants

The use of various chemical coagulants and flocculants with spent geothermal brine for enhancing the removal of colloidal solids prior to injection was studied. Brine at 80 to 85/sup 0/C was obtained from the injection line of the SDG and E/DOE Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility during a period of operation with Magmamax No. 1 Fluid. The solids consist primarily of an iron-rich amorphous silica and heavy metal sulfides, principally lead. Standard jar testing equipment was used to carry out the tests.
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: Quong, R.; Shoepflin, F. & Stout, N.D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Control of alpha particle transport by spatially inhomogeneous ion cyclotron resonance heating (open access)

Control of alpha particle transport by spatially inhomogeneous ion cyclotron resonance heating

Control of the radial alpha particle transport by using Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequency waves is investigated in a large-aspect-ratio tokamak geometry. It is shown that spatially inhomogeneous ICRF-wave energy with properly selected frequencies and wave numbers can induce fast convective transport of alpha particles at the speed of order {upsilon}{sub alpha} {approximately} (P{sub RF}/n{sub {alpha}}{epsilon}{sub 0}) {rho}{sub p}, where P{sub RF} is the ICRF-wave power density, n{sub {alpha}} is the alpha density, {epsilon}{sub 0} is the alpha birth energy, and {rho}{sub p} is the poloidal gyroradius of alpha particles at the birth energy. Application to ITER plasmas is studied and possible antenna designs to control alpha particle flux are discussed. 8 refs., 3 figs.
Date: February 1, 1990
Creator: Chang, C. S.; Imre, K.; Weitzner, H. (New York Univ., NY (USA). Courant Inst. of Mathematical Sciences) & Colestock, P. (Princeton Univ., NJ (USA). Plasma Physics Lab.)
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Finite order polynomial moment solutions of the homogeneous Grad-Shafranov equation (open access)

Finite order polynomial moment solutions of the homogeneous Grad-Shafranov equation

A method for generating the finite positive order polynomial moment solutions of the homogeneous Grad-Shafranov equation to arbitrary order and the explicit form of the first few moments are given. A criticism of the method is discussed, and several practical examples are given.
Date: February 1, 1984
Creator: Reusch, M. F. & Neilson, G. H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Darkling beetle populations (Tenebrionidae) of the Hanford site in southcentral Washington (open access)

Darkling beetle populations (Tenebrionidae) of the Hanford site in southcentral Washington

This 3-yr study documents the taxonomic composition, relative abundance, and seasonal distribution of darkling beetles occupying the Hanford Site in southcentral Washington. A taxonomic key and species diagnosis are provided to assist in identification by the nonspecialist. Analysis of food plant availability and selection serves to identify transfer pathways through beetle populations and permits construction of food web diagrams depicting the flow of materials through the darkling beetle component.
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: Rogers, L. E.; Woodley, N.; Sheldon, J. K. & Uresk, V. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Optically coupled high voltage isolation amplifier (open access)

Optically coupled high voltage isolation amplifier

A common and persistent problem in modern instrumentation is the observation and recording of small signal waveforms that are removed from ground by very high voltages. Examples of this are the instrumentation of neutral particle injectors used in controlled thermonuclear research and the construction of safety breaks for air core toroidal devices. To overcome this problem a very high voltage isolation amplifier was designed. It employs analog-to-digital conversion with serial data transmission on a fiber optic cable.
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: Pearce, J.W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Role of organic soils in the world carbon cycle: problem analysis and research needs (open access)

Role of organic soils in the world carbon cycle: problem analysis and research needs

In May 1979, The Institute of Ecology held a workshop to determine the role of organic soils in the global carbon cycle and to ascertain their past, present and future significance in world carbon flux. Wetlands ecologists and soil scientists who participated in the workshop examined such topics as Soils as Sources of Atmospheric CO/sub 2/, Organic Soils, Primary Production and Growth of Wetlands Ecosystems, and Management of Peatlands. The major finding of the workshop is that the organic soils are important in the overall carbon budget. Histosols and Gleysols, the major organic soil deposits of the world, normally sequester organic carbon fixed by plants. They may now be releasing enough carbon to account for nearly 10% of the annual rise in atmospheric content of CO/sub 2/.
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Armentano, T.V. (ed.)
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
LOFT experimental measurements uncertainties analyses. Volume XVI. LOFT three-beam gamma densitometer system (open access)

LOFT experimental measurements uncertainties analyses. Volume XVI. LOFT three-beam gamma densitometer system

The magnitudes of various uncertainties in the loss-of-fluid test gamma densitometer measurements have been estimated. The dominant error in the estimate of the density profile and the average density is the extrapolation from the three chordal average density values to the total density profile. The primary uncertainty in each chordal average density measurement is the random noise inherent in the radiation process.
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: Lassahn, G. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Materials technology for accelerator production of fissile isotopes (open access)

Materials technology for accelerator production of fissile isotopes

The materials used for the accelerator production of fissile isotopes must enable the facility to achieve maximum fuel production at a minimum cost. Neutron production in the target would be maximized by use of thorium cooled with Pb--56 percent Bi or with sodium. The thorium should be ion-plated with approximately 1 mil of nickel or stainless steel for retention of fission products. The target container will have to be replaced at frequent intervals because of the copious quantities of neutronically produced helium and hydrogen in the container. Replacement would coincide with shutdown of the facility for the removal of the fissile material produced. If sodium is used to cool both the target and fertile blanket, a simple basket-type target container could be used. This would greatly reduce radiation effects in the target container. Type 316 stainless steel or V--20 wt percent Ti should perform satisfactorily as a target container. The fertile blanket should be /sup 233/Th or /sup 238/U that is coated with approximately 1 mil of nickel or stainless steel and cooled with sodium. The blanket container could be an austenitic stainless steel such as type 304 or 316; some ferritic alloys may also provide a satisfactory blanket container. …
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: Horak, J.A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Establishment and maintenance of a coal sample bank and data base (open access)

Establishment and maintenance of a coal sample bank and data base

Data from both instruments indicate that atmospheric oxygen is leaking into the primary and secondary containers. The methods and containers tested cannot maintain an inert atmosphere over the long term. The actual percentage of oxygen in the containers is thought to be influenced by several factors: (1) Flushing with argon by any method only displaces part (50 to 80%) of the atmospheric air present in the container after it is filled with coal. Because the atmosphere may not be homogeneous, and because leakage may be a factor before diffusion makes it homogeneous, this fraction is difficult to determine by sampling and analysis. (2) The amount of air displaced depends upon the argon introduction method used and its duration. Methods which allow time for diffusion of air to an exit before argon introduction ends appear to be most effective. (3) After sealing the containers, oxygen in the container is consumed by the coal; the amount and rate of consumption are thought to be a function of coal rank. (4) Leakage of air into the container may replace some or all of the oxygen consumed by the coal. (5) Full containers generally exhibit lower head space oxygen contents. (6) The lid seals …
Date: February 1, 1989
Creator: Davis, A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Impingement and entrainment of fishes at the Savannah River Plant: an NPDES 316b demonstration (open access)

Impingement and entrainment of fishes at the Savannah River Plant: an NPDES 316b demonstration

Environmental impacts of the Savannah River Plant's withdrawal of Savannah River water include impingement of juvenile and adult fish on trash removal screens, and entrainment of planktonic fish eggs and larval fish into the pumping system. The Savannah River Plant (SRP) has the capacity to pump 3.6 million cubic meters of water per day--25% of the minimal river discharge--for cooling and other purposes. Present removal is 7% of the actual river discharge. In the river and intake canals reside sixty-nine species of fishes. The species composition of the resident fish community of the intake canals is similar to the species composition in the river, but different in relative species abundance. The dominant sunfishes tend to reside in the canals for long periods and seldom go from canal to canal. The fish impingement rate at the plant ranks very low in comparison with electric power plants on inland waters. Thirty-five species of fishes were impinged during 1977. The average impingement rate of 7.3 fish per day extrapolates to 2,680 fish per year. No single species comprised more than 10% of the sample. The most commonly impinged species were bluespotted sunfish, warmouth, channel catfish, and yellow perch. The relative abundance of those …
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: McFarlane, R. W.; Frietsche, R. F. & Miracle, R. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
SOME CALCULATIONS PERTAINING TO FAST REACTOR SAFETY (open access)

SOME CALCULATIONS PERTAINING TO FAST REACTOR SAFETY

A program on fast reactor safety is described in which the theoretical aspects, techniques and accuracy of calculation, and associated safety predictions are considered. One topic deals with the success obtained in analyzing complicated meltdown configurations using two-dimensional, twogroup diffusion theory. Another topic deals with the dependence of energy yield in a fast reactor explosion on the shape of the power distribution in the core. The results of a brief survey are included dealing with the change of dynamic reactor behavior during various startup accidents as a consequence of a reduction in the delayed-neutron fraction. (J.R.D.)
Date: February 1, 1962
Creator: O'Shea, D.M.; Okrent, D. & Chaumont, J.M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
New research initiatives program. Project W-219: chemistry in comet comae. Final report. [Summaries of research activities at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory] (open access)

New research initiatives program. Project W-219: chemistry in comet comae. Final report. [Summaries of research activities at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory]

The scientific objective to investigate theoretically chemical reactions in the comae of comets was accomplished using a one-dimensional model. Ninety-eight species, which involved 441 reactions in the presence of wavelength-dependent solar radiation, were considered in a time-dependent calculation, which includes effects resulting from ultraviolet opacity.
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: Huebner, W.F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library