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Sodium Waste Technology : a Summary Report
The Sodium Waste Technology (SWT) Program was established to resolve long-standing issues regarding disposal of sodium-bearing waste and equipment. Comprehensive SWT research programs investigated a variety of approaches for either removing sodium from sodium-bearing items, or disposal of items containing sodium residuals. The most successful of these programs was the design, test, and the production operation of the Sodium Process Demonstration Facility at ANL-W. The technology used was a series of melt-drain-evaporate operations to remove nonradioactive sodium from sodium-bearing items and then converting the sodium to storable compounds.
Date:
January 1987
Creator:
Abrams, C. S. & Witbeck, L. C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of Stibine and Arsine Generation from the Exide 3100-Ah Lead-Acid Module
Stibine and arsine evolution from lead-acid cells in a 36-kWh Exide load-leveling module was measured as this module approached 1900 cycles of operation. A specially prepared gas-collection apparatus enabled us to determine the maximum and average rates for evolution of both toxic hydrides. Hydride generation began once the cell voltage exceeded 2.4 V. The maximum rate for arsine occurred just above 2.5 V and consistently preceded the peak rate for stibine for each sampled cell. When adjusted for size effects, the degree of stibine and arsine evolution was greater than found in a continuous overcharge study conducted by Exide. The average rates of hydride generation were found to be 175 microgm/min for stibine and 12.6 microgm/min for arsine. The former rate proved to be the critical value in determining safe ventilation requirements for cell off-gases. The minimum airflow requirement was calculated to be 340 L/min per cell. Projections for a hypothetical 1-MWh Exide battery without an abatement system indicated that the normal ventilation capacity in the Battery Energy Storage Test facility provides nearly five times the airflow needed for safe hydride removal.
Date:
January 1987
Creator:
Marr, J. J. & Smaga, J. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Final Report for the Light Water Breeder Reactor Proof-of-Breeding Analytical Support Project
The technology of breeding uranium-233 from thorium-232 in a light water reactor is being developed and evaluated by the Westinghouse Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory (BAPL) through operation and examination of the Shippingport Light Water Breeder Reactor (LWBR). Bettis is determining the end-of-life (EOL) inventory of fissile uranium in the LWBR core by nondestructive assay of a statistical sample comprising approximately 500 EOL fuel rods. This determination is being made with an irradiated-fuel assay gauge based on neutron interrogation and detection of delayed neutrons from each rod. The EOL fissile inventory will be compared with the beginning-of-life fissile loading of the LWBR to determine the extent of breeding. In support of the BAPL proof-of-breeding (POB) effort, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) carried out destructive physical, chemical, and radiometric analyses on 17 EOL LWBR fuel rods that were previously assayed with the nondestructive gauge. The ANL work included measurements on the intact rods; shearing of the rods into pre-designated contiguous segments; separate dissolution of each of the more than 150 segments; and analysis of the dissolver solutions to determine each segment's uranium content, uranium isotopic composition, and loading of selected fission products. This report describes the facilities in which this work was carried …
Date:
May 1987
Creator:
Graczyk, D. G.; Hoh, J. C.; Martino, F. J.; Nelson, R. E.; Osudar, John & Levitz, Norman M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Theory of Program Correctness, and Algorithms for Proofs
A model of program correctness is given where a problem domain is defined by its language, variable names, and an abstract machine defining the semantics of the language. The set of all computations in this domain is shown to be a semigroup. A corresponding statement is true of a more general programming language. A program P in the general language is an element of the semigroup. If P performs computations in some domain, a connection can be established between P and the semigroup of computations in that domain. Methods already used in proofs about hardware are shown to be useful in proofs about this software model. The paradigm is capable of reasoning about multiprocessor hardware and of ''proving'' theorems about execution times, that is, ''performance.''
Date:
January 1987
Creator:
Gabriel, John R.; Chapman, Richard O. & Kljaich, J. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
²³⁵U(n,f), ²³⁸U(n, gamma), ²³⁸U(n,f), ²³⁹Pu(n,f) Reaction Rate Measurement Calibrations at ZPPR
New reference deposits for uranium-235, plutonium-239 and uranium-238 have been established with mass uncertainties of <0.2%. These new deposits replace the older reference deposits which were used during the last 17 years and improve the uncertainty of reaction rate measurements due to reference mass uncertainties by about a factor of 6. Measurements of the fission fragment absorption in 2 pi and low-geometry count rates. Two measurements of the uranium-238 capture rate in depleted uranium samples based upon the thermal cross sections of uranium-238(n, gamma), uranium-235(n,f) and plutonium-239(n,f) and based upon the americium-243 calibration technique confirm the ZPPR measurement technique within the quoted uncertainty of +/-0.5%
Date:
January 1987
Creator:
Poenitz, W. P.; Maddison, D. W.; Gasidlo, J. M.; Carpenter, S.G. & Armani, R. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of Primary Li-Si/FeS2 Cells
The factors that limit the performance of thermally activated Li-Si/FeS2 batteries were defined through the use of electrochemical characterization tests and post-test examinations. For the characterization tests, 82 individual cells were instrumented with multiple voltage sensors and discharged under isothermal and isobaric conditions. The voltage data for the sensors were recorded to determine the ohmic and electrochemical impedances of each cell component at different levels of discharge. The data analysis completed to date has demonstrated that this approach can successfully differentiate the influence of various operating parameters (e.g., temperature, current density), electrode structures (e.g., FeS2 particle size), and additives on cell capacity, specific energy, and power capability. Thirty cells selected from these tests and additional tests at SNL were examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. These analyses documented microstructural and compositional changes in the active materials and electrolyte. In general, the electrochemical impedance of the FeS2 electrode limited cell performance. Several methods (including use of fine FeS2 particle size, graphite additions, and higher operating temperatures) produced measurable reductions in this impedance and yielded significant improvements in specific energy and power. Additions of KCl to the negative electrode extended the low-temperature capacity of this …
Date:
April 1987
Creator:
Redey, L.; Smaga, J. A.; Battles, J. E. & Guidotti, Ronald
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Beyond "'Speedup": Performance Analysis of Parallel Programs
This paper addresses the problem of measuring and analyzing the performance of fine-grained parallel programs running on shared-memory multiprocessors. Such processors use locking (either directly in the application program, or indirectly in a subroutine library or the operating system) to serialize accesses to global variables. Given sufficiently high rates of locking, the chief factor preventing linear speedup (besides lack of adequate inherent parallelism in the application) is lock contention - the blocking of processes that are trying to acquire a lock currently held by another process.
Date:
February 1987
Creator:
Dritz, Kenneth W. & Boyle, James M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Site Surveillance and Maintenance Program for Palos Park : Report for 1986
The results of the environmental monitoring program conducted at Site A/Plot M in the Palos Park Forest Preserve area for CY 1986 are presented. The monitoring program is the ongoing remedial action that resulted from the original radiological characterization of the site. The program consists of sample collection and analysis of air, surface and subsurface water, and bottom sediment to determine the migration pathway of water from the burial ground (Plot M) to hand-operated picnic wells, establish if buried radionuclides other than hydrogen-3 have migrated, and generally characterize the radiological environment of the area.
Date:
April 1987
Creator:
Golchert, N. W. & Sedlet, J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1986 Annual Site Environmental Report for Argonne National Laboratory
Report on the ongoing environmental monitoring program at Argonne National Laboratory.
Date:
March 1987
Creator:
Argonne National Laboratory
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Atmospheric Fluidized-Bed Cogeneration Air Heater Experiment : 1000-h Laboratory Test A
A laboratory test program is described to evaluate the corrosion behavior of several metallic alloys, coatings, claddings, and weldments in support of the atmospheric fluidized-bed air heater experiment. Results are presented from the first 1000-h test (Test A) conducted at metal and gas temperatures of 871 C and 899 C, respectively. Detailed information is also presented on the corrosion scale morphologies, scale compositions and thicknesses, intergranular penetration of the substrate material, and metal recession.
Date:
March 1987
Creator:
Natesan, K. & Podolski, W. F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Users' Guide to Toolpack/1 (Release 2) in a Unix Environment
This is a guide to the use of a collection of Unix shell scripts that extend the Fortran analyzing and transforming capabilities of Unix by invoking a set of tools from Toolpack/1 (Release 2). It is a substantial revision and update of Argonne report ANL/MCS-TM-77, which served as a Unix users' guide to the first release of Toolpack/1.
Date:
March 1987
Creator:
Cowell, Wayne R. & Garbow, B. S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Physics Division Annual Review 1 April 1986 - March 1987
Report of activities of the Argonne Physics Division, including medium-energy physics research, ATLAS research, theoretical nuclear physics, superconducting LINAC development, and accelerator operations.
Date:
August 1987
Creator:
Argonne National Laboratory. Physics Division.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ring Energy Selection and Extra Long Straight Sections for the Advanced Photon Source
Recommended criteria are given for the performance of Advanced Photon Source (APS), taking into consideration undulator tunability criteria and their relationship to the storage ring energy and undulator gap, length of straight sections.
Date:
April 1987
Creator:
Brown, G.; Cho, Y.; Hastings, J.; Krinsky, S.; Moncton, D. E.; Shenoy, G. K. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
7-GeV Advanced Photon Source : Conceptual Design Report
During the past decade, synchrotron radiation emitted by circulating electron beams has come into wide use as a powerful, versatile source of x-rays for probing the structure of matter and for studying various physical processes. Several synchrotron radiation facilities with different designs and characteristics are now in regular operation throughout the world, with recent additions in this country being the 0.8-GeV and 2.5-GeV rings of NSLS at Brookhaven National Laboratory. However, none of the operating facilities has been designed to use a low-emittance, high-energy stored beam, together with modern undulator devices, to produce a large number of hard x-ray beams of extremely high brilliance. This document is a proposal to the Department of Energy to construct and operate high-energy synchrotron radiation facility at Argonne National Laboratory. We have now chosen to set the design energy of this facility at 7.0 GeV, with the capability to operate at up to 7.5 GeV.
Date:
April 1987
Creator:
Argonne National Laboratory
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Computerized Operating Procedures for Shearing and Dissolution of Segments from LWBR (Light Water Breeder Reactor) Fuel Rods
This report presents two detailed computerized operating procedures developed to assist and control the shearing and dissolution of irradiated fuel rods. The procedures were employed in the destructive analysis of end-of-life fuel rods from the Light Water Breeder Reactor (LWBR) that was designed by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory. Seventeen entire fuel rods from the end-of-life core of the LWBR were sheared into 169 precisely characterized segments, and more than 150 of these segments were dissolved during execution of the LWBR Proof-of-Breeding (LWBR-POB) Analytical Support Project at Argonne National Laboratory. The procedures illustrate our approaches to process monitoring, data reduction, and quality assurance during the LWBR-POB work.
Date:
May 1987
Creator:
Osudar, J.; Deeken, P. G.; Graczyk, D. G.; Fagan, J. E.; Martino, F. J.; Parks, J. E. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Decontamination and Decommissioning of the Argonne National Laboratory East Area Radioactively Contaminated Surplus Facilities : Final Report
ANL has decontaminated and decommissioned (D and D) seven radiologically contaminated surplus facilities at its Illinois site: a ''Hot'' Machine Shop (Building 17) and support facilities; Fan House No. 1 (Building 37), Fan House No. 2 (Building 38), the Pangborn Dust Collector (Building 41), and the Industrial Waste Treatment Plant (Building 34) for exhaust air from machining of radioactive materials. Also included were a Nuclear Materials Storage Vault (Building 16F) and a Nuclear Research Laboratory (Building 22). The D and D work involved dismantling of all process equipment and associated plumbing, ductwork, drain lines, etc. After radiation surveys, floor and wall coverings, suspended ceilings, room partitions, pipe, conduit and electrical gear were taken down as necessary. In addition, underground sewers were excavated. The grounds around each facility were also thoroughly surveyed. Contaminated materials and soil were packaged and shipped to a low-level waste burial site, while nonactive debris was buried in the ANL landfill. Clean, reusable items were saved, and clean metal scrap was sold for salvage. After the decommissioning work, each building was torn down and the site relandscaped. The project was completed in 1985, ahead of schedule, with substantial savings.
Date:
July 1987
Creator:
Kline, W. H.; Fassnacht, G. F. & Moe, H. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Technology Division Annual Technical Report: 1986
Annual report of Argonne National Laboratory's Chemical Technology (CMT) Division. In this period, CMT conducted research and development in areas that include the following: (1) high-performance batteries--mainly lithium-alloy/metal sulfide and sodium/sulfur; (2) aqueous batteries (lead-acid, nickel/iron, etc.); (3)advanced fuel cells with molten carbonate or solid oxide electrolytes; (4) coal utilization, (5) methods for recovery of energy from municipal waste; (6) methods for the electromagnetic continuous casting of steel sheet; (7) techniques for treatment of hazardous waste such as reactive metals and trichloroethylenes; (8) nuclear technology related to waste management.
Date:
June 1987
Creator:
Argonne National Laboratory. Chemical Technology Division.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of Impact of Advanced Energy Transmission Fluids on District Heating and Cooling Systems : (Phase 1)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), under sponsorship of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Buildings and Community Systems, has embarked upon a comprehensive, long-range program to develop high-performance advanced energy transmission fluids for use in district heating and cooling (DHC) systems. ANL has the lead technical role in this DOE program. These advanced fluids will substantially reduce flow frictional losses and enhance energy transfer. In system enhancement scoping studies conducted by ANL, the fluids yielded potentially significant upfront capital equipment cost reductions by allowing the use of smaller pipes, pumps, heat exchangers, and storage tanks as well as reductions in operational costs. This report presents the first-phase results of assessment of impact of the advanced fluids on DHC systems. Future reports will focus on assessment of impact on hardware performance, capital equipment, and operation costs.
Date:
September 1987
Creator:
Kasza, Kenneth Edmund & Chen, M. M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The SUPRENUM (Supercomputer Numerical) Communications Subroutine Library for Grid-Oriented Problems
In the application software development of the SUPRENUM project (the German supercomputer project) many parallel grid-oriented algorithms are being programmed, especially multigrid and computational fluid dynamics codes. As the communication tasks are similar, a central SUPRENUM communications library with subroutines covering all communication requirements of the applications programs has been created. By implementing versions of the library for the Intel iPSC hypercube and the planned SUPRENUM machine, full portability of the applications software has been achieved.
Date:
June 1987
Creator:
Hempel, Rolf
System:
The UNT Digital Library
X-ray Computed Tomography for Structural Ceramic Applications : Beam Hardening Corrections
Beam hardening (BH), caused by the energy dependence of x-ray attenuation in materials, reduces the reliability of images generated by computed tomographic (CT) when polychromatic x-ray sources are used. The magnitude of the BH effect was calculated, and four different approaches to BH correction for CT imaging of ceramics were investigated: the ''water bag'' approach, pre-hardening of the beam by use of a filter, linearization correction, and dual-energy methods. The dual-energy approach appears to be a promising means of BH correction for CT imaging of ceramics.
Date:
May 1987
Creator:
Ellingson, William A.; Segal, E. & Vannier, M. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Proceedings of the Focused Research Program on Spectral Theory and Boundary Value Problems, Vol. 1: Singular Differential Systems
Report on the development of square integrable solutions for Hamiltonian systems in all cases, including intermediate cases.
Date:
December 1987
Creator:
Kaper, H. G.; Kwong, Man Kam & Zettl, Anton
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Insertion Device and Beam Line Plans for the Advanced Photon Source : a Report and Recommendations by the Insertion Device and Beam Line Planning Committee
In the 7-GeV Advanced Photon Source (APS) Conceptual Design Report (CDR), fifteen complete experimental beam lines were specified in order to establish a representative technical and cost base for the components involved. In order to optimize the composition of the insertion devices and the beam line, these funds are considered a ''Trust Fund.'' The present report evaluates the optimization for the distribution of these funds so that the short- and long-term research programs will be most productive, making the facility more attractive from the user's point of view. It is recommended that part of the "Trust Fund" be used for the construction of the insertion devices, the front-end components, and the first-optics, minimizing the cost to potential users of completing a beam line. In addition, the possibility of cost savings resulting from replication and standardization of high multiplicity components (such as IDs, front ends, and first-optics instrumentation) is addressed.
Date:
February 1987
Creator:
Boyce, R.; Hewitt, R.; Morrison, T. I.; Shenoy, G. K.; Thomlinson, W. & Viccaro, P. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Algebraic Theory of Program Specification and Correctness Using Symmetry Operations
This report applies some methods from the theory of group representation to the questions of program specification and knowledge about programs. The theory is that of a program as a transformation on a state space, and operators commuting with that transformation being symmetries of the program, means of specifying properties, and generators of program invariants. Because a program can simulate a system in the real world, there is a corresponding model of engineered artifacts, that is, manmade objects having a theory for their design.
Date:
March 1987
Creator:
Gabriel, John R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Scanning transmission x-ray microscopy of unaltered biological specimens
A scanning transmission x-ray microscope at the National Synchrotron Light Source was used to image fresh, wet biological specimens at 32 Angstroms, with resolution better than 750 Angstroms. A gold Fresnel zone plate (outer zone width 500 Angstroms) was used to focus the undulator radiation, and the sample was scanned through the spot. Absorption data was recorded digitally as a gridded array. The major accomplishment of the experiment was the demonstration of the ability to image biological samples in their natural state with high resolution and natural elemental contrast mechanisms. This was achieved through the design of a sample holder that maintains an aqueous environment for the sample, yet is transparent to x-rays at 32 Angstroms. The specimens used were isolated zymogen granules (approximately 1 micron diameter) from the pancreatic acinar cells of rats. The absorption data were correlated to protein concentration, and estimates of the protein concentrations within the granules were obtained. The data also yields some information about the spatial organization of the protein in the granules, and our data is compared to models for the internal structure. The success of this experiment points toward future opportunities for dynamical studies on living systems. 6 refs., 28 figs., 2 …
Date:
May 1, 1987
Creator:
Iskander, N.
System:
The UNT Digital Library