The studies related to the use of /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ in radioisotope power systems carried out for the Office of Coordination and Special Projects of the US Department of Energy by the Los Alamos National Laboratory in April 1981 are reported. Impact testing, module handling procedures, and non-destructive test data for encapsulated pellets are reported. (WHK)

The efficient removal of UF/sub 6/ from effluent streams can be accomplished through the selection of the best solid sorbent and the implementation of good design principles. Pressure losses, sorbent capacity, reaction kinetics, sorbent regeneration/uranium recovery requirements and the effects of other system components are the performance factors which are summarized. The commonly used uranium trapping materials highlighted are sodium fluoride, H-151 alumina, XF-100 alumina, and F-1 alumina. Sorbent selection and trap design have to be made on a case-by-case basis but the theoretical modeling studies and the evaluation of the performance factors presented can be used as a guide for other chemical trap applications.

This bibliography contains 690 references to articles in journals, books, and reports published in the subject area of biomedical and environmental sciences during 1980. There are 529 references to articles published in journals and books and 161 references to reports. Staff members in the Biomedical and Environmental Sciences divisions have other publications not included in this bibliography; for example, theses, book reviews, abstracts published in journals or symposia proceedings, pending journal publications and reports such as monthly and bimonthly progress reports, contractor reports, and reports for internal distribution. This document is sorted by the division, and then alphabetically by author. The sorting by divisions separates the references by subject area in a simple way. The divisions represented in the order that they appear in the bibliography are Analytical Chemistry, Biology, Chemical Technology, Information R and D, Health and Safety Research, Energy, Environmental Sciences, and Computer Sciences.

A single-mode, nonlinear analysis of the 2XIIB experimental results is under development. A Model-I (infinite geometry, no mirror losses or source beams) analysis is nearly complete. Model II (mirror losses, beams, energy drag) is in progress. Nonlinear analysis of the 2..omega../sub p/ instability near the quarter-critical point in an inhomogeneous plasma is continuing.

The primary objective of this work was to demonstrate that copper silver selenide and TAGS could be segmented. The hot junction temperature was planned to be 725/sup 0/C with the segmentation temperature at 400/sup 0/C, both temperatures were selected to prevent excessive sublimation from the hot ends of the segments, respectively. The program was planned as a cooperative effort between General Atomic company and Teledyne Energy Systems. Accordingly, General Atomic synthesized the CuAgSe that was used to fabricate the test hardware that was ultimately delivered to General Atomic for testing. Both the CuAgSe and TAGS were hot pressed in an argon atmosphere then the segments were furnace-bonded to each other. A secondary objective was to produce CuAgSe powder by rapid solidification.

An automated data collection system controlled by a desktop computer has been developed for testing Fresnel concentrators (lenses) intended for solar energy applications. The system maps the two-dimensional irradiance pattern (image) formed in a plane parallel to the lens, whereas the lens and detector assembly track the sun. A point detector silicon diode (0.5-mm-dia active area) measures the irradiance at each point of an operator-defined rectilinear grid of data positions. Comparison with a second detector measuring solar insolation levels results in solar concentration ratios over the image plane. Summation of image plane energies allows calculation of lens efficiencies for various solar cell sizes. Various graphical plots of concentration ratio data help to visualize energy distribution patterns.

Very fine particles (carbides or carbonitrides) of the order of 20 A were extensively examined in the ferrite regions of dual-phase steels subjected to intercritical annealing followed by fast quenching to room temperature. These particles are probably formed during quenching after intercritical annealing. The driving force for the precipitation reaction may arise from the supersaturation of carbon (or nitrogen) in the ferrite phase. These precipitates in certain alloy compositions cause a deviation from the generally observed two phase mixture rule in that the strength of the dual-phase steels having a higher volume fraction of martensite is lower than that having a lower volume fraction of martensite. Thus, the influence of such precipitates must be considered in the structure-property relations of dual-phase steels when fast quenching is employed after intercritical annealing.

Four detailed intercomparisons were made for a number of models of cavity-type self-calibrating radiometers (pyrheliometers). Each intercomparison consisted of simultaneous readings of pyrheliometers at 30-second intervals in runs of 10 minutes, with at least 15 runs per intercomparison. Twenty-seven instruments were in at least one intercomparison, and five were in all four. Summarized results and all raw data are provided from the intercomparisons.

The theory of adiabatic invariants is discussed within the modern framework of symplectic Hamiltonian dynamics. The distinctions between exact, adiabatic, and superadiabatic invariants are clarified. The intimate connection between adiabatic (as opposed to exact) invariance and resonant interactions between motions on disparate time scales is elucidated. For the important case of charged particle motion in a strong magnetic field, resonances between gyration, bounce motion, and an external sinusoidal perturbation are described explicitly by introducing a time-dependent symplectic formulation of the guiding center motion. Destruction of invariance is discussed for quite general situations of physical interest, including the case of a trapped particle in a tokamak.

A pulse derived by shuttering a CO/sub 2/ laser operating in the cw mode has been used to ignite a diallyl phthalate pyrotechnic (DAPP) material. Data from this work along with some data taken earlier, while operating the laser in the pulse mode, are presented. When operating in the cw mode, a pulse is mechanically chopped out of the beam and focussed onto the DAPP material. It was found that the shuttered cw mode of operation gives a more reproducible pulse and a more accurate determination of the incident energy than the pulse mode does. The pulse widths for threshold ignition (50% ignitions) at different power levels have been determined for 254 and 127 mm-focal-length lenses which were used to focus the beam on the target. It was also found that targets could be penetrated without ignition of the DAPP material. A 2.54 mm-thick DAPP target is penetrated by the laser beam if the energy per unit area exceeds 29 +1 J/mm/sup 2/. Based on this study, recommendations are given for improving the present test procedures used for DAPP material.

A summary of the geologic history of the Twin Peaks volcanic complex is presented. Lithologies and ages of map units are listed. The area mapped is a portion of the Twin Peaks volcanic complex. (MHR)

This report describes some of the activities in E (Experimental Physics) Division during the past year. E-Division carries out research and development in areas related to the missions of the Laboratory. Many of the activities are in pure and applied atomic and nuclear physics and in material science. In addition this report describes work on accelerators, microwaves, plasma diagnostics, determination of atmospheric oxygen and of nitrogen in tissue.

Attracting solutions of one dimensional maps are described statistically by an invariant probability distribution. Expressions for the Fourier transform of this function and the Liapunov exponent are derived. Good agreement between the theory and numerical computations is found.

It is shown that in the ion cyclotron range of frequency ..omega.. less than or equal to 2 ..cap omega../sub i/, the finite-Larmor-radius effect removes the wave singularity at the lower-hybrid resonance layer, enabling an externally initiated electron plasma wave to propagate freely through the resonance layer, transforming continuously into an ion Bernstein wave. In an ACT-1 hydrogen plasma (T/sub e/ approx. = 2.5 eV, T/sub i/ approx. = 1.5 eV), linear excitation of ion Bernstein waves has been investigated experimentally for ..omega.. approx. = 2..cap omega../sub i/. The mode-transformation process resulting in a strong ..omega.. approx. = 2 ..cap omega../sub i/ ion Berstein wave excitation without observable reflections has been experimentally verified. Detailed measurements of wave dispersion relation and of the wave-packet trajectory show excellent agreement with theory.

Three processes developed by Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC), Ledgemont Laboratories, and Ames Laboratories for the oxydesulfurization of coal were evaluated in continuous processing equipment designed, built, and/or adapted for the purpose at the DOE-owned Multi-Use Fuels and Energy Processes Test Plant (MEP) located at TRW's Capistrano Test Site in California. The three processes differed primarily in the chemical additives (none, sodium carbonate, or ammonia), fed to the 20% to 40% coal/water slurries, and in the oxygen content of the feed gas stream. Temperature, pressure, residence time, flow rates, slurry concentration and stirrer speed were the other primary independent variables. The amount of organic sulfur removed, total sulfur removed and the Btu recovery were the primary dependent variables. Evaluation of the data presented was not part of the test effort.

The structure of the hydrogen Balmer alpha line emission profiles from three types of neutral beam injector ion source plasmas (filling pressure approx. 10 mTorr, electron density approx. 1 to 2 x 10/sup 12/ cm/sup -3/, electron temperature approx. 2 to 4 eV) is studied with the aid of a simple model for the neutral particle balance and H/sub ..cap alpha../ emission. A large fraction of the H/sub ..cap alpha../ is produced by dissociative excitation of H/sub 2/ and dissociative recombination of H/sub 2//sup +/, while the remainder is produced by excitation of H atoms, most of which have energies that are close to the characteristic H/sub 2/ dissociation energies. The H/sub ..cap alpha../ linewidth is thus insensitive to the discharge operating conditions and equals approx. 0.27 A when only slow (approx. 0.3 eV) dissociatively excited atoms are present or approx. 0.35 A when fast (> 1 eV) atoms, apparently also produced in dissociation reactions, are present as well.

This abbreviated data report presents results of ground water and stream sediment reconnaissance in the National Topographic Map Series Little Rock 1/sup 0/ x 2/sup 0/ quadrangle (Cleveland, Dallas, and Howard Counties do not have stream sediment analyses); the El Dorado 1/sup 0/ x 2/sup 0/ quadrangle (only Clark County has stream sediment analyses); the western part (Lonoke and Jefferson Counties) of Helena 1/sup 0/ x 2/sup 0/ quadrangle; the southern part (Franklin, Logan, Yell, Perry, Faulkner, and Lonoke Counties) of Russellville 1/sup 0/ x 2/sup 0/ quadrangle; and the southwestern corner (Ashley County) of the Greenwood 1/sup 0/ x 2/sup 0/ quadrangle. Stream samples were collected at 943 sites in the Little Rock quadrangle, 806 sites in the El Dorado quadrangle, 121 sites in the Helena area, 292 sites in the Russellville area, and 77 in the Greenwood area. Ground water samples were collected at 1211 sites in the Little Rock quadrangle, 1369 sites in the El Dorado quadrangle, 186 sites in the Helena area, 470 sites in the Russellville area, and 138 sites in the Greenwood area. Stream sediment and stream water samples were collected from small streams at nominal density of one site per 21 square kilometers …

This technical monthly report covers studies related to the use of /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ in radioisotope power systems carried out for the Office of Coordination and Special Projects of the US Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Laboratory. Most of the studies discussed here are ongoing. Results and conclusions described may change as the work continues. Published reference of the results cited in this report should not be made without the explicit permission of the person in charge of the work.

The goal of this program is to determine the characteristic pyrolysis behavior of representative coals under laser heating. The use of a CO/sub 2/ laser enables a controllable heating rate to be given to the coal particles as they pass through the laser beam. The development of such a laser heating diagnostic should prove to be an extremely valuable tool for generation of a data base necessary for the future design of coal burning facilities. The experimental configuration is illustrated. A dilute coal/gas stream, surrounded aby an inert shield flow is passed through a laser beam from an Avco HPL CO/sub 2/ laser. Under a prescribed flux density, and thus heating rate, the particle pyrolyse. The gaseous products are sampled and subsequently analyzed (primarily by gas chromatography) for carbon conversion. Particle temperature is to be monitored by a two-color pyrometer and particle velocity by laser Doppler velocimeter, by which means, evolution of the pyrolysis process can be determined.

The objective of the USDOE EEDB Program is to provide periodic updates of technical and cost (capital, fuel and operating and maintenance) information of significance to the US Department of Energy. This information is intended to be used by USDOE in evauating and monitoring US civilian nuclear power programs, and to provide them with a consistent means of evaluating the nuclear option and proposed alternatives. The data tables, which make up the bulk of the report, are updated to January 1, 1980. The data in these tables and in the backup data file supercede the information presented in the Second Update (1979). Where required, new descriptive information is added in the text to supplement the data tables.

The PAT-2 package is designed for the safe transport of plutonium and/or uranium in small quantities. The PAT-2 package is resistant to severe accidents, including that of a high-speed jet aircraft crash, and is designed to withstand such environments as extreme impact, crushing, puncturing and slashing loads, severe hydrocarbon-fueled fires, and deep underwater immersion, with no escape of contents. The package meets the requirements of 10 CFR 71 for Fissile Class I packages with a cargo of 15 grams of Pu-239, or other isotopic forms described herein, not to exceed 2 watts of thermal activity. This SAR presents design and oprational information including evaluations and analyses, test results, operating procedures, maintenance, and quality assurance information.

A minimal self-consistent set of covariant and unitary three-particle equations is presented. Numerical results are obtained for three-particle bound states, elastic scattering and rearrangement of bound pairs with a third particle, and amplitudes for breakup into states of three free particles. The mathematical form of the three-particle bound state equations is explored; constraints are set upon the range of eigenvalues and number of eigenstates of these one parameter equations. The behavior of the number of eigenstates as the two-body binding energy decreases to zero in a covariant context generalizes results previously obtained non-relativistically by V. Efimov.

Public acceptance of radioactive waste management alternatives depends in part on public perception of the associated risks. Three aspects of those perceived risks were explored in this study: (1) synthetic measures of risk perception based on judgments of probability and consequences; (2) acceptability of hypothetical radioactive waste policies, and (3) effects of human values on risk perception. Both the work on synthetic measures of risk perception and on the acceptability of hypothetical policies included investigations of three categories of risk: (1) Short-term public risk (affecting persons living when the wastes are created), (2) Long-term public risk (affecting persons living after the time the wastes were created), and (3) Occupational risk (affecting persons working with the radioactive wastes). The human values work related to public risk perception in general, across categories of persons affected. Respondents were selected according to a purposive sampling strategy.

Numbers and problems for geothermal wells expected to be drilled in the United States between 1981 and 2000 AD are forecasted. The 3800 wells forecasted for major electric power projects (totaling 6 GWe of capacity) are categorized by type (production, etc.), and by location (The Geysers, etc.). 6000 wells are forecasted for direct heat projects (totaling 0.02 Quads per year). Equations are developed for forecasting the number of wells, and data is presented. Drilling and completion problems in The Geysers, The Imperial Valley, Roosevelt Hot Springs, the Valles Caldera, northern Nevada, Klamath Falls, Reno, Alaska, and Pagosa Springs are discussed. Likely areas for near term direct heat projects are identified.