In order to determine the effects of atomic explosions on small civil defense shelters for family use, 29 simple structures were built along an arc 1200 ft from the target point and exposed to Buster Bursts B, C, and D. The structures were of four basic types; covered-trench, metal-arch, wood-arch, and basement lean-to. Because of poor cohesive properties of the soil, much of the earth cover on the shelters was removed by the first shot. Since test procedures prevented restoration of structures and replacement of cover after each blast, test results were materially affected. Partly above-grade cover-trench shelters provided less protection against blast than belowgrade cover-trench shelters and were much less desirable as protection against gamma radiation. Metal-arch shelters set in concrete appeared to have good potentialities with minor design modifications. Wood-arch shelters as designed, proved to be unsuitable substitutes for metalarch shelters. No worthwhile information was obtained on basement lean-to shelters. Unusual conditions disclosed design deficiencies in entrance construction, front, and end sections, and effective earth cover. Small shelters are potentially capable of meeting requirements of civil defense. (auth)

Report containing articles, manuscripts, and tabulations of recorded spectra created by the Spectroscopic Laboratory of the University of Chicago.

Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines on the beryl deposits in the northern Black Hills of South Dakota. The properties and quantity of the beryl samples were evaluated. Maps, illustrations, and tables are included in the report.

Report containing articles, manuscripts, and tabulations of recorded spectra created by the Spectroscopic Laboratory of the University of Chicago.

The following report describes work that was udertaken to determine whether a homogeneous breeder reactor using an alkili metal hydroxide solution is capable of breeding.

From abstract: A reconnaissance radiometric survey of parts of the northwestern San Juan Mountains has revealed the occurrence of uranium-bearing ores in several mining districts in Ouray and San Juan Counties, and the occurrence of thorium-bearing veins in southwestern Gunnison County.

From abstract: Pitchblende is known to occur in the Jo Reynolds deposit, which was primarily a lead-zinc-silver ore body. The reported production in 1919 of 8 tons of high-grade uranium ore, presumably from the lowest workings of the mine, is still unconfirmed but has a fair degree of credibility.

From introduction: This report presents, in tabular form, the results of radiometric and geologic reconnaissance made in the Craven and Coal Canyon areas during the period November 27 to December 7, 1951, in accordance with plans outlined in Trace Elements Memorandum Report 152, "The carnotite prospects of the Craven Canyon area, Fall River County, South Dakota." Assay data from the claims examined by L. R. Page and J. A. Redden are not included in this report. This work was done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.

Technical report presenting preliminary results obtained in the static corrosion test program to screen promising construction materials for a proposed liquid fuel power breeder reactor.

Technical report describing the downtime of the Brookhaven National Laboratory nuclear reactor and changes made to the reactor facility in March 1952.

From abstract: "This report summarizes the corrosion data obtained for nine construction materials located throughout the ORNL Purex Pilot Plant Acid Recovery Unit during seven hundred hours of operation."

From abstract: "A full-scale, always-safe, metal dissolver for Experimental Breeder Reactor fuel was designed, built, and installed for test operation. It was found that the dissolver operated satisfactorily, and feasible operating procedures were established for the dissolution of bare, or jacketed, EBR slugs. Minor modifications of the dissolver design have been required to accomodate [sic] a modified EBR slug, but it is believed that this will not significantly affect its operating characteristics."

Monthly activities for the following studies are given: (1) pile graphite monitoring; (2) graphite burnout and chemical studies; (3) graphite physical properties studies; (4) controlled temperature exposure; (5) thermal conductivity of gases; (6) damage mechanism study; (7) special exposures; and (8) experimental graphite program.

The factors responsible for the advances of 100-X compared with the older areas are: Simplification of the process, such as elimination of separate process water clearwells, by having the filtered water reservoirs perform that function. Combination of separate buildings into one building, such as combining filter pump house and process pump house. Use of electric standby. Use of higher capacity pumps and filter basins, and so fewer number of units. Centralization of control and operation. More compact arrangement of plant components. Use of waste heat for space heating, recovered from reactor effluent, backed up by steam plant.

Report discussing studies regarding the properties and nuclear constants of xenon, an element relevant to use of high power thermal neutron reactors.

This progress report of the Battelle Memorial Institute covers information in many categories for February, 1952. These include development of ceramic fuel elements, general ceramics, uranium and its alloys, thorium and its alloys, development of metallic fuel elements and assemblies, metals and alloys for reactor components, miscellaneous metallurgical work, liquid coolants and fuels, reactor engineering studies, and mechanism development.

Members of the Working Committees for RDA DC-4 and RDA DC-7 (KE and KW Reactors) have reviewed and approved the design basis being used for the preparation of the 200 Area portion of the Program X preliminary project proposal. This design basis includes the following: plant capacity of 275 tons per month, average flow rate; the basic chemical process used will be the Purex process; the plant will be located in the Southeast Quadrant of the 200 East Area; the plant will contain a double line of canyon process equipment, each line being so designed as to operate independently of the other line; all facilities in the 202-A Area will be designed for earthquake (Zone 2) resistance; in the design of Building 202-A, 276-A, 291-A, and 203-A, consideration will be given to achieving the highest degree of blast protection compatible with economical design, availability of data on the effects of bomb blast, and design and construction schedules; and building 211-A will include chemical storage capacity required for operation of the plant at full capacity for sixty days; building 203-A will include uranyl nitrate hexahydrate storage capacity of three 60,000 gallon stainless steel tanks; Building 241-A, Waste storage tank farm, will …

From introduction: During the summer of 1951, Navajos conducted John W. Chester, Russell C. Cutter, and E. V. Reinhardt, Grand Junction Exploration Branch, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, to a copper deposit in Copper Canyon. Little radioactivity was noted, and no further work was done in the area at that time. In October 1951, the same group of Navajos reported the discovery of uranium ore in another portion of the same area. The site was visited by Cutter who noted that an excavation made by the Navajos had disclosed a 3-foot thickness of low-grade uranium ore. In November 1951, Cutter again visited the area and observed that the Navajos had opened a 5-foot face of good ore.

From abstract: The stratigraphy and structure of the Jurassic rocks of the Zuni Uplift and adjacent areas of northwestern New Mexico were studied by geologists of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission during the Spring and Summer of 1951. Emphasis was placed upon deposits in the vicinity of Grants, New Mexico.

Abstract: Burn lesions were produced by radiant energy, 3100 A to 22000 A, on depilated rat skin. The gross and microscopic pathological changes so caused are described and correlated with the amounts of incident energy and the rate of energy delivery. Within the limits studied, 0.2 to 64 cal./cm.2/sec. and 0.1 to 8.0 seconds, it was found that increasing the rate of energy delivery lowered the amount of energy required to produce a specified degree of tissue injury. The tissue changes were in many respects similar to those described for contact burns of the skin of rats and other animals. The findings suggest the action of such intensities of this spectrum of radiant energy is essentially of a thermal nature.

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The phenomenon of alpha particle emission, a general observable property for the nuclides above lead, makes it possible to relate these nuclides energetically. The radioactive decay energy along a radioactive series can be summed so that the total decay energy for each nuclide in the series is known with respect to its position above teh bottom of the series, that is, with respect to its terminal lead (or bismuth) isotope. This can be done for each of the four mass types and, as shown, one can obtain this information for all the collateral members as well as the members in the main line of decay. Thus it is possible, using the relation between mass and energy and the known mass of the alpha particle, to convert this radioactive decay energy ine ach case to a relative mass value based on the mass of one of the four end products, Pb{sup 208}, Pb{sup 207}, Pb{sup 206}, or Bi{sup 209}. If the absolute mass of each of these is known, it is then possible to calculate the absolute mass for all the heavy nuclides above lead for which decay energy data are known or can be estimated. The absolute mass of only …

Although there has been considerable progress toward an understanding of the processes of photosyntehsis in recent years, the advances have been followed rather lcosely by symposia, monographs and reviews of the subject matter, particularly during the last three years. In view of the comprehensive coverage it would appear that the present review might very well be limited to a discussion of certain subjects of special interest to the authors and some with which they are especially familiar. These are (1) the extensive discussion by Warburg and his co-workers of their proposal for the existence of a light induced oxygen absorption (and corresponding carbon dioxide evolution) which can amount to three or four times the net oxygen evolution by the same light; and (2) the discovery of the early participation of 7 and 5 carbon sugars in carbon dioxide reduction in photosyntehsis together with some observations on the kinetics of the metabolic transformations. While it is true that a considerable number of significant publications have appears in other aspects of photosynthesis (the Hill reaction and its coupling with carbon dioxide reduction; photochemistry of chlorophyll and related synthetic materials as model reactions in relatively simple defined physical systems; transfer of light energy …

Report documenting the suitability of the United States for plant locations to produce synthetic liquid fuels, based on raw materials, water sources, and local interest.