A group of documents pertaining to the Dallas County Department of Human Services funding and budget listed for the year 1993.

During this period work has encompassed: (a) development of electropotential drop techniques to monitor the growth of cracks in steel specimens for a variety of specimen geometries; (b) micromechanical modeling of fracture using finite element calculations of crack and notch-tip stress and strain fields; (3) examining helium effects on radiation damage in austenitic and ferritic stainless steels; (4) analysis of the degradation of the mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steels for the purpose of assessing the feasibility of using these steels in ITER; (5) development of an integrated approach to integrity assessment; and (6) development of advanced methods of measuring fracture properties.

A new type of electrodynamic balance was designed, constructed and applied to the study of the chemistry of macerals and the chemical reaction between CaO sorbent particles and SO[sub 2]. The single-particle device was coupled to a Raman spectrometer. With this balance a single electrically charged microparticle is suspended in visible and infrared laser beams by means of superposed ac and dc electrical fields. The apparatus was designed to permit gas flow through the chamber so that gas-solid and gas-liquid chemical reactions can be carried out. A visible laser beam was used to illuminate the particle for Raman and fluorescence measurements, and an infrared laser beam was used to heat the particle. An overview of the experimental system is presented in Figure 1. The levitated particles were heated from two sides using a CO[sub 2] laser operating at the infrared wavelength of 10.6 [mu]m. The optical system used to direct the heating laser beam to the target is shown in Figure 2. Infrared detectors indicated in Figure 1 were used to measure the particle temperature by two-color pyrometery. A new technique was explored to independently determine the particle temperature; the method involves measuring the ratio of the intensities of Stokes …

In 1979, a K-edge densitometer (KED) was installed by the Safeguards Assay group from Los Alamos National Laboratory in the PNC reprocessing plant at Tokai-mura, Japan. It uses an active nondestructive assay technique, KED, to measure the plutonium concentration of the product solution. The measurement uncertainty of an assay depends on the count time chosen, but can be 0.5% or better. The computer hardware and software were upgraded in 1992. This manual describes the operation of the instrument, with an emphasis on the user interface to the software.

The Department of Energy has established specifications for the DWPF product, which require that the DWPF provide estimates of the service life of the canister label, provide assurance that the DWPF canister will be leaktight when shipped, demonstrate that the contents of the canistered waste form will not lead to internal corrosion of the canister. The DWPF has elected to meet these requirements, in part, by characterizing canisters produced in the facility during the Startup Test Program. This includes canisters filled on the pour turntable (normal conditions) and canisters filled on the drain turntable (credible upset conditions expected to be more severe due to higher temperatures). This document identifies the requirements for characterization of the canister fabrication welds and canister labels (characterization of canister closure welds is being performed by Equipment Engineering Section), and for estimation of their service life in DWPF's Glass Waste Storage Building.

The mechanical behavior of a silicon crystal under bending is investigated. For a crystal of length 30 mm and thickness 3 mm, to achieve the specified bend angle of 0.64 mrad, the appropriate angle of the aluminum punches is 0.96 mrad.

The detailed design of a sliding sleeve valve operated by wireline has been completed. This Downhole Valve is obtained by modifications of two 2 7/8 in. commercial wireline-retrievable sleeve assemblies,which will be used to connect one of the upper branches of the patented Dual Whipstock to the 2 3/8 in. steam tubing,through a thermal expansion joint. Detailed engineering drawings and materials specifications have been completed. The design of the 30 ft-long joint comprising an H joint at the top a dual whipstock at the bottom and flow control devices for up to three drainholes equipped with 1.75 in. liners has been completed for a 7 in. cased well. This combination may be used in multi-layered reservoirs as well as in single layered reservoirs. It is also compatible with rod pump locations either above the kick-off pointsor near the base of the curved part of the drainhole liners. This design provides sufficient flexibility for most potential applications in the California market.

The principal objective of this research is to determine the role that host petroleum-derived oils (1000 [degree]F[sup +]), as that of catalytically treated host oils, play when used as liquefaction solvents in coprocessing with coal. The host oils will be extensively characterized and then pretreated in a number of ways which involve catalytic reactions such as hydrogenation, hydrocracking, and isomerization. The pretreated oils will then be characterized by elemental analysis, catalytic dehydrogenation, and NMR. The effects of the host oil on coprocessing with coal will be compared to those obtained using catalytically modified heavy oils. When appropriate, model compounds will be used to study specific reactions brought about by the pretreatments. A total of 18 pretreatment runs have been made on an AMOCO vacuum tower residuum, VTR, in an attempt to increase its hydrogen content from 10.2 wt % to a level of about 11.5%. This pretreatment resulted in a significant increase in the hydrogen content of the starting oil (10.2 wt % to 11.2%).

The Internal Dosimetry Department at the Y-12 Plant maintains a state-of-the-art bioassay program managed under the guidance and regulations of the Department of Energy. The two major bioassay techniques currently used at Y-12 are the in vitro (urinalysis) and in vivo (lung counting) programs. Fecal analysis (as part of the in vitro program) is another alternative; however, since both urine and fecal analysis provide essentially the same capabilities for detecting exposures to uranium, the urinalysis is the main choice primarily for aesthetic reasons. The bioassay frequency is based on meeting NCRP 87 objectives which are to monitor the accumulation of radioactive material in exposed individuals, and to ensure that significant depositions are detected.

This report presents research objectives, discusses activities, and presents technical progress for the period April 1, 1993 through June 31, 1993 on Contract No. DE-FC21-86LC11084 with the Department of Energy, Laramie Project Office. The scope of the research program and the continuation is to study interacting hydrologic, geotechnical, and chemical factors affecting the behavior and disposal of combusted processed oil shale. The research combines bench-scale testing with large scale research sufficient to describe commercial scale embankment behavior. The large scale approach was accomplished by establishing five lysimeters, each 7.3 {times} 3.0 {times} 3.0 m deep, filled with processed oil shale that has been retorted and combusted by the Lurgi-Ruhrgas (Lurgi) process. Approximately 400 tons of Lurgi processed oil shale waste was provided by Rio Blanco Oil Shale Co., Inc. (RBOSC) through a separate cooperative agreement with the University of Wyoming (UW) to carry out this study. Three of the lysimeters were established at the RBOSC Tract C-a in the Piceance Basin of Colorado. Two lysimeters were established in the Environmental Simulation Laboratory (ESL) at UW. The ESL was specifically designed and constructed so that a large range of climatic conditions could be physically applied to the processed oil shale which …

During this period work has encompassed: (a) development of electropotential drop techniques to monitor the growth of cracks in steel specimens for a variety of specimen geometries; (b) micromechanical modeling of fracture using finite element calculations of crack and notch-tip stress and strain fields; (3) examining helium effects on radiation damage in austenitic and ferritic stainless steels; (4) analysis of the degradation of the mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steels for the purpose of assessing the feasibility of using these steels in ITER; (5) development of an integrated approach to integrity assessment; and (6) development of advanced methods of measuring fracture properties.

This report provides a complete description of the analytic and discretized equations for 2D deterministic radiation transport. This computational model has been checked against a wide variety of analytic test problems and found to give excellent results. We make extensive use of the discontinuous finite element method.

The Department of Energy has established specifications for the DWPF product, which require that the DWPF provide estimates of the service life of the canister label, provide assurance that the DWPF canister will be leaktight when shipped, demonstrate that the contents of the canistered waste form will not lead to internal corrosion of the canister. The DWPF has elected to meet these requirements, in part, by characterizing canisters produced in the facility during the Startup Test Program. This includes canisters filled on the pour turntable (normal conditions) and canisters filled on the drain turntable (credible upset conditions expected to be more severe due to higher temperatures). This document identifies the requirements for characterization of the canister fabrication welds and canister labels (characterization of canister closure welds is being performed by Equipment Engineering Section), and for estimation of their service life in DWPF`s Glass Waste Storage Building.

The mechanical behavior of a silicon crystal under bending is investigated. For a crystal of length 30 mm and thickness 3 mm, to achieve the specified bend angle of 0.64 mrad, the appropriate angle of the aluminum punches is 0.96 mrad.

The principal objective of this research is to determine the role that host petroleum-derived oils (1000 {degree}F{sup +}), as that of catalytically treated host oils, play when used as liquefaction solvents in coprocessing with coal. The host oils will be extensively characterized and then pretreated in a number of ways which involve catalytic reactions such as hydrogenation, hydrocracking, and isomerization. The pretreated oils will then be characterized by elemental analysis, catalytic dehydrogenation, and NMR. The effects of the host oil on coprocessing with coal will be compared to those obtained using catalytically modified heavy oils. When appropriate, model compounds will be used to study specific reactions brought about by the pretreatments. A total of 18 pretreatment runs have been made on an AMOCO vacuum tower residuum, VTR, in an attempt to increase its hydrogen content from 10.2 wt % to a level of about 11.5%. This pretreatment resulted in a significant increase in the hydrogen content of the starting oil (10.2 wt % to 11.2%).

This report covers the activities of the Geotechnical Board and its two national committees, the US National Committee for Rock Mechanics (USNC/RM) and the US National Committee on Tunneling Technology (USNC/TT), for the period from March 1, 1991 to June 30, 1992. The report covers a 16-month period, through June of this year, to bring the reporting period in line with the National Research Council`s (NRC) fiscal year. Subsequent reports will cover the 12-month period July 1--June 30, unless individual contracts require otherwise. A description of the Geotechnical Board and its committees within the context of the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council, as well as lists of current members of the board and national committees can be found in Attachment A.

During the second quarter, we initiated Task 2 (Process and Catalyst Variable Study). This task involves an investigation of methods for vanadium phosphate (VPO) catalyst synthesis and activation as well as detailed testing of the catalysts produced for activity and selectivity in methane selective oxidation. As we initiated work on Task 2, three problem areas were identified: Preparation of catalysts with P:V ratio greater than 1. Activation of the precursor to produce the B-phase described in the patent literature. Achieving high (>95 percent) carbon balances in the bench-scale test unit. Each of these problems has been addressed and overcome during this quarter. Several catalysts with P:V ratios ranging from 0.95 to 1.1 have been prepared. Activation procedures are continuing to be investigated. We have found several procedures which yield catalysts having the desired X-ray diffraction pattern. The reactor system was modified and analytical procedures improved so that in a 7-day run using V{sub 2}O{sub 5} as the catalyst, carbon balances ranged from 95 to 105 percent.

Hybrid technologies for the reduction of NO{sub x} emissions from coal-fired utility boilers have shown the potential to offer greater levels of NO{sub x} control than the sum of the individual technologies, leading to more cost effective emissions control strategies. Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (EER) has developed a hybrid NO{sub x} control strategy involving two proprietary concepts which has the potential to meet the US Department of Energy`s NO{sub x} reduction goal at a significant reduction in cost compared to existing technology. The process has been named CombiNO{sub x}. CombiNO{sub x} is an integration of three technologies: modified reburning, promoted selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) and methanol injection. These technologies are combined to achieve high levels of NO{sub x} emission reduction from coal-fired power plants equipped with S0{sub x} scrubbers. The first two steps, modified reburning and promoted SNCR are linked. It has been shown that performance of the SNCR agent is dependent upon local oxidation of CO. Reburning is used to generate the optimum amount of CO to promote the SNCR agent. Approximately 10 percent reburning is required, this represents half of that required for conventional reburning. If the reburn fuel is natural gas, the combination of reburning and …

In 1979, a K-edge densitometer (KED) was installed by the Safeguards Assay group from Los Alamos National Laboratory in the PNC reprocessing plant at Tokai-mura, Japan. It uses an active nondestructive assay technique, KED, to measure the plutonium concentration of the product solution. The measurement uncertainty of an assay depends on the count time chosen, but can be 0.5% or better. The computer hardware and software were upgraded in 1992. This manual describes the operation of the instrument, with an emphasis on the user interface to the software.

Gamma-induced volatility of simulated DWPF high-level nuclear waste glasses is highly dependent upon the redox state of the glass. For oxidized glasses with an Fe{sup 2+}/(Fe{sup 2+} + Fe{sup 3+}) ratio < 0.1, no volatility was detected after gamma irradiation. Since the projected DWPF high-level radioactive waste glasses will be oxidized, no significant gamma-induced volatility is expected for these glasses upto the glass transition temperature. For larger pieces of highly-reduced DWPF simulated waste glass, no volatility was observed (using {approximately}100 mg pieces in the TGA) after gamma irradiation. However, for powdered samples of this reduced glass, volatility changes upon gamma radiation were detected at 350 and 475{degree}C. The volatility at 350{degree}C was due to changes at the glass surface whereas the change in volatility at 475{degree}C were due to interactions of gamma irradiation within the bulk of the glass. The glass transition temperatures of both oxidized and reduced glasses were unaffected by gamma irradiation but did increase upon a second heat cycle. Results are also presented which reveal that no significant change in redox level within the glass occurred as a result of gamma irradiation.

Often inert material exists in front of a calorimeter. If an electromagnetic (EM) shower initiates in this material, and energy is not sampled by the calorimeter, then energy resolution will be degraded. It is crucial to minimize the amount of inert material. Algorithms using a separate readout of the energy early in the shower (a ``preshower`` detector) can also be used to alleviate the reduced performance. This problem has previously been studied using CDF test beam data. In addition, an EGS simulation was used to look at the methods of using the preshower (PS) readout to reduce the energy error.

In order to employ molecular dynamics (MD) methods, commonly used in condensed matter physics, we have derived the equations of motion for a beam of charged particles in the rotating rest frame of the reference particle. We include in the formalism that the particles are confined by the guiding and focusing magnetic fields, and that they are confined in a conducting vacuum pipe while interacting with each other via a Coulomb force. Numerical simulations using MD methods has been performed to obtain the equilibrium crystalline beam structure. The effect of the shearing force, centrifugal force, and azimuthal variation of the focusing strength are investigated. It is found that a constant gradient storage ring can not give a crystalline beam, but that an alternating-gradient (AG) structure can. In such a machine the ground state is, except for one-dimensional (1-D) crystals, time dependent. The ground state is a zero entropy state, despite the time-dependent, periodic variation of the focusing force. The nature of the ground state, similar to that found by Schiffer et al. depends upon the density and the relative focusing strengths in the transverse directions. At low density, the crystal is 1-D. As the density increases, it transforms into various …

The detailed design of a sliding sleeve valve operated by wireline has been completed. This Downhole Valve is obtained by modifications of two 2 7/8 in. commercial wireline-retrievable sleeve assemblies,which will be used to connect one of the upper branches of the patented Dual Whipstock to the 2 3/8 in. steam tubing,through a thermal expansion joint. Detailed engineering drawings and materials specifications have been completed. The design of the 30 ft-long joint comprising an H joint at the top a dual whipstock at the bottom and flow control devices for up to three drainholes equipped with 1.75 in. liners has been completed for a 7 in. cased well. This combination may be used in multi-layered reservoirs as well as in single layered reservoirs. It is also compatible with rod pump locations either above the kick-off pointsor near the base of the curved part of the drainhole liners. This design provides sufficient flexibility for most potential applications in the California market.

Hybrid technologies for the reduction of NO[sub x] emissions from coal-fired utility boilers have shown the potential to offer greater levels of NO[sub x] control than the sum of the individual technologies, leading to more cost effective emissions control strategies. Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (EER) has developed a hybrid NO[sub x] control strategy involving two proprietary concepts which has the potential to meet the US Department of Energy's NO[sub x] reduction goal at a significant reduction in cost compared to existing technology. The process has been named CombiNO[sub x]. CombiNO[sub x] is an integration of three technologies: modified reburning, promoted selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) and methanol injection. These technologies are combined to achieve high levels of NO[sub x] emission reduction from coal-fired power plants equipped with S0[sub x] scrubbers. The first two steps, modified reburning and promoted SNCR are linked. It has been shown that performance of the SNCR agent is dependent upon local oxidation of CO. Reburning is used to generate the optimum amount of CO to promote the SNCR agent. Approximately 10 percent reburning is required, this represents half of that required for conventional reburning. If the reburn fuel is natural gas, the combination of reburning and …