Immediately after the outbreak of the World War, Great Britain, France and Japan cut the German submarine cables which were situated in the different oceans of the world. The study of the submarine cables during the World War and its aftermath is a complex problem. To understand the post-war negotiations, previous international agreements, treaties and the ownership, operation and financing of the cables must be understood.

My purpose is to sketch briefly the diplomatic background of the existing relations between France and Germany from 1871 to 1939. I have told the story chronologically, because I believe that we must follow events as they unfold themselves if we are to understand why statesmen made their decisions. I have attempted to mass all the important facts that I could find on Franco-German Diplomatic Relations from 1871 to 1939 without self-interests or prejudices to either of the two nations. My intentions were to seek a general knowledge of the drift of Franco-German Diplomatic affairs during this period of seventy years.

This paper discusses the historical roots, placement, shape, and materials and methods in the construction of the contemporary organ case. James W. Kibbie explores the acoustical considerations of its design and how these are reflected in the finished product.

This paper explores the history of the bassoon and its construction. Bob A. Sparks analyzes its evolution over time, from the versions created in France and Germany to the bassoon of the twentieth century.