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Engineering problems of future neutral beam injectors
Because there is no limit to the energy or power that can be delivered by a neutral-beam injector, its use will be restricted by either its cost, size, or reliability. Studies show that these factors can be improved by the injector design, and several examples, taken from mirror reactor studies, are given.
Date:
November 23, 1977
Creator:
Fink, J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Limits to Ductility Set by Plastic Flow Localization
The theory of strain localization is reviewed with reference both to local necking in sheet metal forming processes and to more general three dimensional shear band localizations that sometimes mark the onset of ductile rupture. Both bifurcation behavior and the growth of initial imperfections are considered. In addition to analyses based on classical Mises-like constitutive laws, approaches to localization based on constitutive models that may more accurately model processes of slip and progressive rupturing on the microscale in structural alloys are discussed. Among these non-classical constitutive features are the destabilizing roles of yield surface vertices and of non-normality effects, arising, for example, from slight pressure sensitivity of yield. Analyses based on a constitutive model of a progressively cavitating dilational plastic material which is intended to model the process of ductile void growth in metals are also discussed. A variety of numerical results are presented. In the context of the three dimensional theory of localization, it is shown that a simple vertex model predicts ratios of ductility in plane strain tension to ductility in axisymmetric tension qualitatively consistent with experiment, and the destabilizing influence of a hydrostatic stress dependent void nucleation criterion is illustrated. In the sheet necking context, and focussing …
Date:
November 1, 1977
Creator:
Needleman, A. & Rice, J. R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geometric continuum regularization of quantum field theory
An overview of the continuum regularization program is given. The program is traced from its roots in stochastic quantization, with emphasis on the examples of regularized gauge theory, the regularized general nonlinear sigma model and regularized quantum gravity. In its coordinate-invariant form, the regularization is seen as entirely geometric: only the supermetric on field deformations is regularized, and the prescription provides universal nonperturbative invariant continuum regularization across all quantum field theory. 54 refs.
Date:
November 8, 1989
Creator:
Halpern, M.B. (California Univ., Berkeley, CA (USA). Dept. of Physics)
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Auger study of surface carbon and oxygen on thorium following ion bombardment
The composition of a thorium metal surface has been monitored using Auger electron spectroscopy following Ar/sup +/ bombardment at different temperatures. After extended Ar/sup +/ bombardment, enough contaminated overlayers were removed to expose a surface region containing only thorium, bulk impurities, and imbedded argon. The main impurities, carbon and oxygen, differed in their behavior when the sample was annealed following bombardment. The amount of surface carbon either increased or remained constant during annealing depending upon the temperature of the sample during bombardment. The amount of surface oxygen decreased rapidly when the sample was heated above 500/sup 0/C regardless of the sample temperature during bombardment. These experiments indicate that preparation of clean, annealed thorium surfaces requires ion bombardment at temperatures > or = 400/sup 0/C.
Date:
November 17, 1977
Creator:
Bastasz, R. & Colmenares, C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Numerical computations of transport coefficients for nonsymmetric plasmas
The linearized drift kinetic equation is solved numerically to obtain the Onsager transport matrix for a three-dimensional toroidal plasma confinement geometry. Local transport coefficients relating the cross-field fluxes to the thermodynamic forces are computed as continuous functions of the collision frequency. In particular, in the low-collision-frequency regime (..nu.. < ..omega../sub b/), the transport resulting from the nonconservation of the longitudinal adiabatic invariant J (due to particle transitions from helically trapped to toroidally trapped) is obtained. The boundary layer in velocity space resulting from these transition particles can be accurately treated using a Legendre polynomial representation for the pitch angle dependence of the distribution function. Magnetic coordinates are used so that finite-beta effects are included. The disparity in the time scales between collisionless particle orbits and collisional dynamics is treated efficiently to obtain steady-state fluxes and viscosity coefficients. This yields significant improvements in the precision and computational effort in comparison with Monte Carlo methods. The effect of a radial electric field in the ..nu.. < ..omega../sub D/ regime is studied. Applications to Advanced Transition Facility (ATF) and heliac configurations are given.
Date:
November 1, 1985
Creator:
Hirshman, S. P.; Shaing, K. C.; Beasley, C. O. Jr.; Crume, E. C. & Van Rij, W. I.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MFTF-B quasi-optical ECRH transmission system
The microwave transmission system for ERCH on MFTF-B will utilize quasi-optical transmission techniques. The system consists of ten gyrotron oscillators: two gyrotrons at 28 GHz, two at 35 GHz, and six at 56 GHz. The 28 and 35 GHz gyrotrons both heat the electrons in the end plug (potential peak) while the 56 GHz sources heat the minimum-B anchor region (potential minimum). Microwaves are launched into a pair of cylindrical mirrors that form a pseudo-cavity which directs the microwaves through the plasma numerous times before they are lost out of the cavity. The cavity allows the microwave beam to reach the resonance zone over a wide range of plasma densities and temperatures. The fundamental electron cyclotron resonance moves to higher axial positions as a result of beta-depression of the magnetic field, doppler shifting of the resonance, and relativistic mass corrections for the electrons. With this system the microwave beam will reach the resonance surface at the correct angle of incidence for any density or temperature without active aiming of the antennas. The cavity also allows the beam to make multiple passes through the plasma to increase the heating efficiency at low temperatures and densities when the single pass absorption is …
Date:
November 7, 1983
Creator:
Yugo, J. J.; Shearer, J. W. & Ziolkowski, R. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Volume H/sup -/ ion production experiments at LBL
H/sup -/ ions formed by volume processes have been extracted from a multicusp ion source. It is shown that a permanent magnet filter together with a small positive bias voltage on the plasma grid can produce a very significant reduction in electron drain as well as a sizable increase in H/sup -/ ions available for extraction. A further reduction in electron current is achieved by installing a pair of small magnets at the extraction aperture. An H/sup -/ ion current density of 38 mA/cm/sup 2/ was obtained with a discharge current of approximately 350 A. Different techniques to increase the H/sup -/ ion yield have also been investigated.
Date:
November 1, 1983
Creator:
Leung, K. N. & Ehlers, K. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Rotational population patterns and searches for the nuclear SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device)
This paper presents new theoretical results for rotational population patterns in the nuclear SQUID effect. (The term nuclear SQUID is in analogy to the solid-state Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices.) The SQUID effect is an interesting new twist to an old quest to understand Coriolis anti-pairing (CAP) effects in nuclear rotational bands. Two-neutron transfer reaction cross sections among high-spin states have long been touted as more specific CAP probes than other nuclear properties. Heavy projectiles like Sn or Pb generally are recommended to pump the deformed nucleus to as high spin as possible for transfer. The interference and sign reversal of 2n transfer amplitudes at high spin, as predicted in the early SQUID work imposes the difficult requirement of Coulomb pumping to near back-bending spins at closest approach. For Pb on rare earths we find a dramatic departure from sudden-approximation, so that the population depression occurs as low as final spin 10h. 14 refs., 8 figs.
Date:
November 1, 1989
Creator:
Canto, L.F.; Donangelo, R.J.; Farhan, A.R.; Guidry, M.W.; Rasmussen, J.O.; Ring, P. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Noncanonical Hamiltonian methods in plasma dynamics
A Hamiltonian approach to plasma dynamics has numerous advantages over equivalent formulations which ignore the underlying Hamiltonian structure. In addition to achieving a deeper understanding of processes, Hamiltonian methods yield concise expressions (such as the Kubo form for linear susceptibility), greatly shorten the length of calculations, expose relationships (such as between the ponderomotive Hamiltonian and the linear susceptibility), determine invariants in terms of symmetry operations, and cover situations of great generality. In addition, they yield the Poincare invariants, in particular Liouville volume and adiabatic actions.
Date:
November 1, 1981
Creator:
Kaufman, A. N.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tritium related safety considerations for mirror upgrades
One of the primary objectives of the MFTF-B upgrades is to demonstrate the technology of tritium breeding in a reactor-like configuration. This requires use and processing of tritium, involving an inventory of several hundred grams at the plant. This paper reviews the results of a preliminary assessment of the radiation hazard associated with the handling of tritium. The radiation dose consequences due to tritium release from normal operation and due to postulated accidents on plant personnel and the public were assessed. Maximum credible (probability < 10/sup -3/, but > 10/sup -7//yr) accidental releases were estimated to be 10 gm in the reactor building and 100 gm in the tritium-processing building. Higher probability (> 10/sup -3//yr) accidents or component failures would result in much smaller releases. In the reactor building, the most severe accident would result from the rupture of a plasma exhaust duct from the end cell or the tritium feed pipe to the neutral beam injector, accompanied by a fire. In the tritium processing building, the most severe accident would be the rupture of the Isotope Separation System (ISS) distillation columns and vacuum jackets accompanied by a fire.
Date:
November 30, 1983
Creator:
Ghose, S.K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Superconducting magnets in high radiation environments: Design problems and solutions
As part of the Stanford Linear Collider Project, three high-field superconducting solenoid magnets are used to rotate the spin direction of a polarized electron beam. The magnets are installed in a high-radiation environment, where they will receive a dose of approximately 10{sup 3} rad per hour, or 10{sup 8} rad over their lifetimes. This level of radiation and the location in which the magnets are installed, some 10 meters below ground in contiguous tunnels, required careful selection of materials for the construction of the solenoids and their ancillary cryogenic equipment, as well as the development of compatible component designs. This paper describes the materials used and the design of the equipment appropriate for the application. Included are summaries of the physical and mechanical properties of the materials and how they behave when irradiated. 16 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
November 1, 1989
Creator:
St. Lorant, S.J. & Tillmann, E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Status of greater than or equal to 1 ampere H/sup -/ ion source development at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
This paper summarizes the effort to improve the operation of the approx. 1 A surface-production H/sup -/ ion source developed by K.W. Ehlers and K.N. Leung. The plasma chamber consists of a large magnetic bucket of oval cross section. A concave cylindrical converter surface is suspended in the plasma chamber to direct any surface-produced negative ions through the exit aperture. The ion source has been mated to a tetrode accelerator for the proof-of-principle tests. Most of the problems discovered in the tests were associated with difficulties in controlling the production process. This paper describes the plasma chamber in greater detail and illustrates the quality of the presnet ion production. The acceleration difficulties have been deferred until a better test-stand is completed.
Date:
November 1, 1983
Creator:
Lietzke, A. F.; Ehlers, K. W. & Leung, K. N.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ion-induced surface modification of alloys
In addition to the accumulation of the implanted species, a considerable number of processes can affect the composition of an alloy in the surface region during ion bombardment. Collisions of energetic ions with atoms of the alloy induce local rearrangement of atoms by displacements, replacement sequences and by spontaneous migration and recombination of defects within cascades. Point defects form clusters, voids, dislocation loops and networks. Preferential sputtering of elements changes the composition of the surface. At temperatures sufficient for thermal migration of point defects, radiation-enhanced diffusion promotes alloy component redistribution within and beyond the damage layer. Fluxes of interstitials and vacancies toward the surface and into the interior of the target induce fluxes of alloying elements leading to depth-dependent compositional changes. Moreover, Gibbsian surface segregation may affect the preferential loss of alloy components by sputtering when the kinetics of equilibration of the surface composition becomes competitive with the sputtering rate. Temperature, time, current density and ion energy can be used to influence the individual processes contributing to compositional changes and, thus, produce a rich variety of composition profiles near surfaces. 42 references.
Date:
November 1, 1983
Creator:
Wiedersich, H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Engineering problems in the development of fusion power reactors
This paper reviews current progress in the development of fusion power from the engineering point of view and highlights the most outstanding technical issues which must be resolved. (MOW)
Date:
November 2, 1976
Creator:
Varljen, T. C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Charged particle fusion targets. [Energy requirements for inertial confinement fusion]
The power, voltage, energy and other requirements of electron and ion beam fusion targets are reviewed. Single shell, multiple shell and magnetically insulated target designs are discussed. Questions of stability are also considered. In particular, it is shown that ion beam targets are stabilized by an energy spread in the ion beam.
Date:
November 9, 1977
Creator:
Bangerter, R.O. & Meeker, D.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Interpretation of interference data from the Klamath Falls, Oregon geothermal resource
Data from a seven week pressure interference test in the Klamath Falls, Oregon geothermal resource have been analyzed. The data indicate that productive wells are fed by a highly permeable fracture network and that the less permeable matrix blocks contribute significantly to the reservoir storage capacity. Detailed analysis of data from two wells is presented. Data from both of the wells yield a reservoir permeability-thickness (kh) of approximately 1.3x10/sup 6/ md-ft and a storativity (phi c/sub t/h) of 6.8x10/sup -3/ ft/psi. The parameters (lambda and ..omega..), which are determined by the distribution of permeability and storativity between the matrix and fractures, vary by more than an order of magnitude. A sensitivity study shows that for these wells, the pressure transients are not very sensitive to the distribution of permeability and storativity between the fractures and matrix blocks. No hydrologic boundaries were detected during the test. This indicates that the fault which supplies hot water to the shallow hydrothermal system does not behave according to the classical model of either a barrier or constant potential boundary.
Date:
November 1, 1983
Creator:
Benson, S.M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fixed Target Beauty Physics Experimental Programs
The current and near term future fixed target physics efforts in observing particles with open beauty are reviewed. This includes a compilation of the non-observation upper limits and the observation of both upsilon and b-states. A short discussion of the theoretical predictions for the hadro-produced beauty pairs is included. The major part of this review is devoted to the techniques and tricks employed, a survey of the current and proposed experiments. A personal summary of the experimental prospects concludes this report. 28 refs., 26 figs.
Date:
November 1, 1987
Creator:
Garbincius, P.H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Studies of multiparticle production in heavy ion collisions using a time projection chamber
None
Date:
November 1, 1989
Creator:
Foley, K. J.; Etkin, A.; Hackenburg, R. W.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W. A.; Morris, T. W. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of silica redistribution on performance of high-level nuclear waste repositories in saturated geologic formations
Evaluation of the thermohydrological conditions near high-level waste packages is needed for the design of the waste canister and for overall repository design and performance assessment. Most available studies in this area have assumed that the hydrologic properties of the host rock do not change in response to the thermal, mechanical or chemical effects caused by waste emplacement. However, the ramifications of this simplifying assumption have not been substantiated. We have studied dissolution and precipitation of silica in thermally driven flow systems, including changes in formation porosity and permeability. Using numerical simulation, we compare predictions of thermohydrological conditions with and without inclusion of silica redistribution effects. Two cases were studied, namely, a canister-scale problem, a repository-wide thermal convection problem, and different pore models were employed for the permeable medium (fractures with uniform or non-uniform cross sections). We find that silica redistribution generally has insignificant effects on host rock and canister temperatures, pore pressures, or flow velocites.
Date:
November 1, 1985
Creator:
Verma, A. & Pruess, K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
NOVA laser facility for inertial confinement fusion
The NOVA laser consists of ten beams, capable of concentrating 100 to 150 kJ of energy (in 3 ns) and 100 to 150 TW of power (in 100 ps) on experimental targets by 1985. NOVA will also be capable of frequency converting the fundamental laser wavelength (1.05 ..mu..m) to its second (0.525 ..mu..m) or third (0.35 ..mu..m) harmonic. This additional capability (80 to 120 kJ at 0.525 ..mu..m, 40 to 70 kJ at 0.35 ..mu..m) was approved by the US Department of Energy (DOE) in April 1982. These shorter wavelengths are much more favorable for ICF target physics. Current construction status of the NOVA facility, intended for completion in the autumn of 1984, will be presented.
Date:
November 30, 1983
Creator:
Simmons, W.W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Partially coherent x-rays from modern storage rings
Several routes to the development of ideal soft x-ray sources are now being actively pursued. These include atomic lasers, free electron lasers (FELs), and storage ring (synchrotron) undulators. For short wavelength (XUV) applications, FELs and undulators are very closely related, each being dependent on the development of well controlled (low ''emittance'') electron storage rings, with energies of order 0.5 to 1.5 GeV beam energy, and many period magnetic structures, referred to as undulators. The major thrust of this article is that undulators provide the only sure route to coherent soft x-rays in the near term, that they are tuneable throughout the region of interest, and that they will serve a multitude of users, in disparate fields of science and technology, albeit at a large central research facility. 4 refs., 4 figs.
Date:
November 1, 1984
Creator:
Attwood, D.; Halbach, K. & Kim, K. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Magnet power control system for the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade
This paper describes the desktop computer/CAMAC-based system that controls the power source for the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) magnet power system. Presently it contains 42 dc rectifier power supplies connected to 24 magnet coils arranged in 17 circuits. During each shot, the system delivers 22.6 MW dc to the magnets for about 3 s. The system is presently being changed to add six power supplies, two solenoidal throttle coils, and two reverse C-coils. When complete, the delivered power will increase to 36.9 MW. The closed-loop control system usually provides current (and thus, magnetic field) that is within 1% of the requested current. Achieving this accuracy required using grounding, shielding, and isolation methods to reduce noise and related problems. These are also discussed.
Date:
November 4, 1983
Creator:
Bell, H.H. Jr.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Atomic processes in plasmas under ultra-intense laser irradiation
Lasers delivering subpicosecond pulses with energies of a fraction of a Joule have made it possible to generate irradiance levels approaching 10{sup 20} W/cm{sup 2}. We presently operate two such systems, a KrF based excimer laser capable of producing a few 10{sup 17} W/cm{sup 2} at 248 nm with a repetition rate of 3--5 Hz and a XeCl based excimer laser capable of producing mid 10{sup 19} W/cm{sup 2} at 308 nm and 1 Hz. We will discuss some experimental results and the theory and modeling of the interaction of such intense laser pulses with aluminum. Because of a small ASE prepulse the high intensity interaction is not at the solid surface but rather at the n{sub e} = 2 {times} 10{sup 22} cm{sup {minus}3} critical density of the blowoff plasma generated by the ASE. The transient behavior of the plasma following the energy deposition by the intense subpicosecond pulse can be viewed as the energy-impulse response of the plasma. Experimental results and modeling of the x-ray emission from this plasma will be presented. 15 refs., 8 figs.
Date:
November 1, 1989
Creator:
Schappert, G. T.; Casperson, D. E.; Cobble, J. A.; Comly, J. C.; Jones, L. A.; Kyrala, G. A. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Improved methods for computing masses from numerical simulations
An important advance in the computation of hadron and glueball masses has been the introduction of non-local operators. This talk summarizes the critical signal-to-noise ratio of glueball correlation functions in the continuum limit, and discusses the case of (q{bar q} and qqq) hadrons in the chiral limit. A new strategy for extracting the masses of excited states is outlined and tested. The lessons learned here suggest that gauge-fixed momentum-space operators might be a suitable choice of interpolating operators. 15 refs., 2 tabs.
Date:
November 22, 1989
Creator:
Kronfeld, A.S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library